371 lines
42 KiB
XML
371 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="379BC7BF7EF0C965C54A45C7D168698B">Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XVII: Revision of Phantasca Redtenbacher, 1906, with the descriptions of six new species (Phasmatodea: Diapheromeridae: Diapheromerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="694482138DC4C9F633FE48B37E1E4E31">Hennemann, Frank H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2F921C1E068D6908A27A9D84F4C0846">Conle, Oskar V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EDB5EEC84741D41848DAEAE6FE1D31AA">Bellanger, Yannick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="92BA9E8EA851FE8E8396B92513F3DE18">Lelong, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D478CB7E7B324E7B7DD6FD40EC02A5B4">Jourdan, Toni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A479E5AFCA127F65D590F40089EC609E">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FA67C587AAD2EC9B1CAF158CF2AED3C1">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DC4C42A966FF9CFDEEFB4CFD5DFEB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5982747" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144172403" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5982747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC4C42A966FF9CFDEEFB4CFD5DFEB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC4C42A966FF9CFDEEFB4CFD5DFEB1" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C36FAEDFA966FF91FDEEFB4CFC8BFAE8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0824A38A966FF91FDEEFB4CFC16FACC" box="[572,1015,1278,1305]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FDEEFB4CFC16FACC" ID-CoL="779F6" authority="(Westwood, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[572,1015,1278,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phantasca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgius">
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<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FDEEFB4CFCF9FACC" bold="true" box="[572,792,1278,1305]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phantasca valgius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FCFAFB4DFC0EFACC" box="[808,1007,1278,1305]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref32073" refString="Westwood J. O. 1859. Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A966FF91FD1BFA91FC8BFAE8" blockId="55.[572,1015,1278,1341]" box="[713,874,1315,1341]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A966FF91FD1BFA91FC8BFAE8" box="[713,874,1315,1341]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 120–124</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A966FF91FF6FFAD7FCB2FAAA" blockId="55.[189,851,1381,1408]" box="[189,851,1381,1408]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FF6FFAD7FD60FAAA" authority="Westwood, 1859: 126" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,641,1381,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgius">
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<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FF6FFAD7FE99FAAA" box="[189,376,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phasma valgius</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD4DB45A966FF91FEACFAD7FD60FAAA" author="" box="[382,641,1381,1408]" page="126" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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: 126
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 10, fig. 3 (
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<specimenCount id="9D7336DDA966FF91FCFEFAD7FCA5FAAA" box="[812,836,1381,1407]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A966FF91FF6FFA1AFD66FA17" blockId="55.[189,1398,1447,1546]" box="[189,647,1447,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FF6FFA1AFE56FA14" box="[189,439,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FF6FFA1AFE40FA17" box="[189,417,1448,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgius">Cladoxerus valgius</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD4DB45A966FF91FE6CFA15FD65FA17" author="" box="[446,644,1447,1474]" page="358" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FE6CFA15FDA9FA17" box="[446,584,1447,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref31785" refString="Kirby W. F. 1904. A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6196392 [accessed 14 Mar. 2018]." type="journal article">Kirby 1904</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 358
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A966FF91FF6FFA7EFCD7F9DF" blockId="55.[189,1398,1447,1546]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB65DA7AA966FF91FF6FFA7EFCD7F9DF" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FF6FFA7EFE44FA33" box="[189,421,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FF6FFA7EFE6DFA33" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[189,396,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phantasca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgia">Phantasca valgia</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD4DB45A966FF91FE7CFA7EFD32FA33" author="" box="[430,723,1484,1510]" page="111" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FE7CFA7EFD79FA33" box="[430,664,1484,1510]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref31983" refString="Redtenbacher J. 1906. Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. I. Phasmidae Areolatae. Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig." type="book">Redtenbacher 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 111
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD4DB45A966FF91FCDAFA7EFC0CFA33" author="" box="[776,1005,1484,1510]" page="223" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FCDAFA7EFC4EFA33" box="[776,943,1484,1510]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref32109" refString="Zompro O. 2001. A generic revision of the insect order Phasmatodea: the New World genera of the stick insect subfamily Diapheromeridae: Diapheromerinae = Heteronemiidae: Heteronemiinae sensu Bradley & Galil, 1977. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 108 (1): 189 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79626" type="journal article">Zompro 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 223
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD4DB45A966FF91FBF3FA7EFAADFA33" author="" box="[1057,1356,1483,1510]" page="264" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FBF3FA7EFAEFFA33" box="[1057,1294,1483,1510]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref31943" refString="Otte D. & Brock P. 2005. Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. 2 nd Edition. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia." type="book">Otte & Brock 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 264
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD4DB45A966FF91FF38FA42FCD0F9DF" author="" box="[234,817,1520,1546]" page="201" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FF38FA42FD16F9DF" box="[234,759,1520,1546]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref31315" refString="Brock P. D., Marshall J. A., Beccaloni G. W. & Harman A. J. E. 2016. The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Zootaxa 4179 (2): 151 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4179.2.1" type="journal article">Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman 2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 201
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36FAEDFA966FF91FF6FF980FAC1F975" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A966FF91FF6FF980FE4BF999" blockId="55.[189,426,1586,1612]" box="[189,426,1586,1612]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0824A38A966FF91FF6FF980FE4BF999" bold="true" box="[189,426,1586,1612]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FF6FF980FE4BF999" bold="true" box="[189,426,1586,1612]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1DF709A966FF91FF38F9D0FAC1F975" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846645121" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Brazil" location="BRAZIL" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="BMNH(E) #844548" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A966FF91FF38F9D0FEBDF9A9" blockId="55.[189,1312,1634,1697]" box="[234,348,1634,1660]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus id="54CE43F6A966FF91FF38F9D0FEBDF9A9" box="[234,348,1634,1660]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FF38F9D0FEBDF9A9" bold="true" box="[234,348,1634,1660]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A966FF91FF6FF934FAC1F975" blockId="55.[189,1312,1634,1697]" box="[189,1312,1670,1697]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<collectingCountry id="F362BDC4A966FF91FF6FF934FECDF975" box="[189,300,1670,1696]" name="Brazil" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D7336DDA966FF91FEE4F934FEAFF975" box="[310,334,1670,1696]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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, “Type;
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<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FE60F934FD86F975" authority="Westw." authorityName="Westw." box="[434,615,1670,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgius">
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<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FE60F934FDE6F975" box="[434,519,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">valgius</emphasis>
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Westw.
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</taxonomicName>
|
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;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FDA0F934FC6DF975" authority="Westw." authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1859" box="[626,908,1670,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgius">
|
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<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FDA0F934FCCCF975" box="[626,813,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phasma valgius</emphasis>
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Westw.
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</taxonomicName>
|
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;
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<specimenCode id="DBD3552FA966FF91FC45F934FB64F974" box="[919,1157,1670,1697]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">BMNH(E) #844548</specimenCode>
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” (NHMUK).
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<subSubSection id="C36FAEDFA966FF91FF6FF97AFB34F83E" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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|
||
<heading id="D0824A38A966FF91FF6FF97AFED7F937" bold="true" box="[189,310,1736,1762]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FF6FF97AFED7F937" bold="true" box="[189,310,1736,1762]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A966FF91FF6FF94AFB34F83E" blockId="55.[189,1399,1784,2027]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Males (the only sex known) of this species are well characterised and readily distinguished from all other species by the distinctively dark longitudinal veins of the tegmina and costal region of the alae. Since the unique
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE43F6A966FF91FE55F8F2FE0FF88F" box="[391,494,1856,1882]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FDC7F8F3FC84F88E" authority="(Westwood, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[533,869,1856,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FDC7F8F3FD66F88F" box="[533,647,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. valgius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FD44F8F2FCBCF88E" box="[662,861,1856,1883]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref32073" refString="Westwood J. O. 1859. Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is badly mutilated, discoloured and has most of the abdomen distorted and shrunken due to former preservation in spirits, any further distinguishing and characterizing features are impossible to define. The straight cerci, which clearly project beyond the apex of the abdomen, resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FD5DF81FFCDAF812" authority="Hennemann & Conle & Bellanger & Lelong & Jourdan, 2018" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle & Bellanger & Lelong & Jourdan" authorityYear="2018" box="[655,827,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phantasca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FD5DF81FFCDAF812" box="[655,827,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2329C3DA966FF91FC93F81FFC7BF812" box="[833,922,1965,1991]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FC03F81FFACAF812" authority="(Westwood, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[977,1323,1964,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phantasca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puppeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FC03F81FFBAAF813" box="[977,1099,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. puppeia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FB8BF81EFAC0F812" box="[1113,1313,1964,1991]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref32073" refString="Westwood J. O. 1859. Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the shape of the very small poculum resembles those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A966FF91FC9DF860FB30F83E" authority="(Chopard, 1911)" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle & Bellanger & Lelong & Jourdan" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[847,1233,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phantasca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A966FF91FC9DF860FBE4F83E" box="[847,1029,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A966FF91FBC6F863FB29F83E" box="[1044,1224,2001,2027]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref31378" refString="Chopard L. 1911. Contribution a la faune des orthopteres de la Guyane Francaise. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 80: 337 - 350." type="journal article">Chopard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FAEDFA969FF9FFF6FFEB9FAB2F997" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A969FF9EFF6FFEB9FEAFFEF0" blockId="56.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<heading id="D0824A38A969FF9EFF6FFEB9FEAFFEF0" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFF6FFEB9FEAFFEF0" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A969FF9EFF38FE8CFE47FE8D" blockId="56.[189,1233,318,385]" box="[234,422,318,344]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFF38FE8CFECBFE8D" bold="true" box="[234,298,318,344]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A969FF9EFEE8FE8CFE7FFE8D" box="[314,414,318,344]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A969FF9EFF6FFED5FB30FE55" blockId="56.[189,1233,318,385]" box="[189,1233,358,385]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
BODY. Small for the genus (body length ca 50.0 mm,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F7C8EFA969FF9EFCFEFED4FC75FE55" box="[812,916,358,384]" captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="57.[189,258,268,294]" captionText="Table 13. Measurements of Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859) (in mm). HT = Holotype." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Table 13</tableCitation>
|
||
); form moderately slender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A969FF9EFF6FFE1FFB96FDEA" blockId="56.[189,1399,428,575]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">COLOUR. Pale buff. Tegmina and costal region of alae pale greyish buff, with all longitudinal veins dark brown; tegmina, with a small elongate-oval, sub-basal brown spot near anterior margin. Anal region of alae subhyaline, with a slight orange wash. Antennae of same colour as body but tending to become darker brown towards the apex and with some broad but faint darker annulations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A969FF9EFF6FFDD9FD2BFC98" blockId="56.[189,1398,619,846]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
HEAD. Flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A969FF9EFE59FDD9FE13FD50" box="[395,498,619,645]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
), some 1.3× as long as wide and broadest at the eyes; vertex slightly raised posteriorly and with a transverse row of minute blunt tubercles near posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A969FF9EFB12FD21FAC9FD78" box="[1216,1320,659,685]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 122</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes oval on outline, strongly projecting and their length contained only about 1.1× in that of cheeks.Antennae less filiform than in other members of the genus and at least reaching to abdominal segment IV (apices broken in the unique
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE43F6A969FF9EFE6DFCB9FDCAFCF3" box="[447,555,779,806]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Scapus rectangular and about 1.2× as long as wide. Antennomere III slender and about 1.3× as long as pedicellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A969FF9EFF6FFCC8FAC5FBE1" blockId="56.[189,1399,889,1076]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">THORAX. Pronotum slightly narrower than head, rectangular and some 1.2× as long as wide, with both the longitudinal median and transverse sulcus weakly defined. Mesothorax elongate, some 2.4× as long as head and prothorax combined. Mesonotum finely and sparsely granulose,, with a fine longitudinal median carina. Tegmina elongate-oval, constricted at the base and projecting slightly beyond posterior margin of metanotum; fully covering base of alae. Alae reaching ⅓ along abdominal segment V.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AADDCA969FF9EFF6FF838FDDEF83F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" targetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A969FF9EFF6FF838FDDEF83F" blockId="56.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFF6FF838FE84F871" bold="true" box="[189,357,1930,1956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 120–124.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A969FF9EFEB9F838FCC2F870" authority="(Westwood, 1859)" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1859" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[363,803,1930,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phantasca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFEB9F838FDA3F871" box="[363,578,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Phantasca valgius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE480A5A969FF9EFD82F838FCFBF870" box="[592,794,1930,1957]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref32073" refString="Westwood J. O. 1859. Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE43F6A969FF9EFCFEF838FC7DF871" box="[812,924,1930,1956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7336DDA969FF9EFC75F838FC5CF871" box="[935,957,1930,1956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFC19F838FC16F871" bold="true" box="[971,1015,1930,1956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">120</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFB2DF838FACAF871" bold="true" box="[1279,1323,1930,1956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">121</emphasis>
|
||
. Head and pronotum, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFDD4F81FFDD3F812" bold="true" box="[518,562,1965,1991]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">122</emphasis>
|
||
. Head and pronotum, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFC1FF81FFC18F812" bold="true" box="[973,1017,1965,1991]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">123</emphasis>
|
||
. Apex of abdomen, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A969FF9EFF6FF862FF08F83F" bold="true" box="[189,233,2000,2026]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">124</emphasis>
|
||
. Anal segment, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AADDCA968FF9FFF6FFEBEFB0EFEF3" box="[189,1263,268,295]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A968FF9FFF6FFEBEFB0EFEF3" blockId="57.[189,1263,268,295]" box="[189,1263,268,295]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A968FF9FFF6FFEBEFECFFEF3" bold="true" box="[189,302,268,294]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Table 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7586D7A968FF9FFDD5FEBEFC5FFEF2" authority="(Westwood, 1859)" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1859" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[519,958,268,295]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phantasca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valgius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A968FF9FFDD5FEBEFD01FEF3" box="[519,736,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Phantasca valgius</emphasis>
|
||
(Westwood, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in mm). HT = Holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A968FF9FFCC8FEE2FC4FFC6D" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<table id="F9750FF4A9680059FDF2FEE2FC16FC6D" box="[544,1015,336,952]" colsContinueFrom="41.[548,1013,335,951]" gridcols="2" gridrows="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FEE2FC16FEB9" box="[544,1015,336,364]" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FEE2FC16FEB9" box="[544,1015,336,364]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A968FF9FFCC8FEE2FC16FEB9" bold="true" box="[794,1015,336,364]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">♂, HT (NHMUK)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FE32FC16FE4E" box="[544,1015,384,411]" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FE32FD02FE4E" box="[544,739,384,411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Body</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFE32FC16FE4E" box="[862,1015,384,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ca 50.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FE18FC16FE11" box="[544,1015,426,452]" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FE18FD02FE11" box="[544,739,426,452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pronotum</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFE18FC16FE11" box="[862,1015,426,452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FE61FC16FE3B" box="[544,1015,467,494]" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FE61FD02FE3B" box="[544,739,467,494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mesonotum</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFE61FC16FE3B" box="[862,1015,467,494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">10.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FE4FFC16FDC2" box="[544,1015,509,535]" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FE4FFD02FDC2" box="[544,739,509,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Metanotum</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFE4FFC16FDC2" box="[862,1015,509,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FD94FC16FD94" box="[544,1015,550,577]" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FD94FD02FD94" box="[544,739,550,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Median segment</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFD94FC16FD94" box="[862,1015,550,577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FDE2FC16FDBF" box="[544,1015,592,618]" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FDE2FD02FDBF" box="[544,739,592,618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tegmina</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFDE2FC16FDBF" box="[862,1015,592,618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">4.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FDC8FC16FD40" box="[544,1015,634,661]" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FDC8FD02FD40" box="[544,739,634,661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Alae</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFDC8FC16FD40" box="[862,1015,634,661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">27.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FD11FC16FD6B" box="[544,1015,675,702]" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FD11FD02FD6B" box="[544,739,675,702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Profemora</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFD11FC16FD6B" box="[862,1015,675,702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FD7FFC16FD3D" box="[544,1015,717,744]" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FD7FFD02FD3D" box="[544,739,717,744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mesofemora</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFD7FFC16FD3D" box="[862,1015,717,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FD45FC16FCC4" box="[544,1015,759,785]" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FD45FD02FCC4" box="[544,739,759,785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Metafemora</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFD45FC16FCC4" box="[862,1015,759,785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ca 18.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FC92FC16FCEE" box="[544,1015,800,827]" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FC92FD02FCEE" box="[544,739,800,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Protibiae</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFC92FC16FCEE" box="[862,1015,800,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FCF8FC16FCB0" box="[544,1015,842,869]" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FCF8FD02FCB0" box="[544,739,842,869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mesotibiae</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFCF8FC16FCB0" box="[862,1015,842,869]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FCC6FC16FC5B" box="[544,1015,884,910]" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FCC6FD02FC5B" box="[544,739,884,910]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Metatibiae</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFCC6FC16FC5B" box="[862,1015,884,910]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3545FF16A9680059FDF2FC2CFC16FC6D" box="[544,1015,926,952]" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FDF2FC2CFD02FC6D" box="[544,739,926,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Antennae</td>
|
||
<td id="7694966AA9680059FC8CFC2CFC16FC6D" box="[862,1015,926,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">> 30.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A968FF9FFF6FFC45FE5BFA64" blockId="57.[189,1399,1014,1458]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
ABDOMEN. Median segment fairly short for the genus and only about 1.3× as long as metanotum. Abdominal segments II–VI very elongate and on average about 6× as long as wide; VII shorter than all preceding. VIII gradually thickened and fully separated from sternum VIII. IX longer than VIII, constricted medially, with the lateral margins roundly deflexed in posterior half and almost touching each other ventrally. Anal segment considerably longer than wide, slightly gradually narrowed towards the posterior and gently tectiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A968FF9FFDB7FB06FD2EFB1B" box="[613,719,1204,1230]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
|
||
); the posterior margin, with a deep and narrow, roundly triangular notch, the outer angles projecting and obtusely triangular, with several minute denticles ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A968FF9FFEE7FAB2FE7DFACF" box="[309,412,1280,1306]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci straight, obtuse, compressed basally, about ⅔ the length of anal segment and decidedly projecting beyond its extremity. Vomer distinct, elongate, with a longitudinal median furrow and a single moderately pointed apical hook (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A968FF9FFD05FAF9FCDFFAB3" box="[727,830,1355,1382]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
|
||
). Poculum small, cup-shaped, with the posterior portion gradually flattened and the posterior margin obtusely angulate; reaching about halfway along tergum IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A968FF9FFE94FA25FE4CFA64" box="[326,429,1431,1457]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A968FF9FFF6FFA6EFAB2F997" blockId="57.[189,1398,1499,1602]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">LEGS. Moderately long and slender, mesofemora longer than mesothorax and hind legs distinctly projecting beyond apex of abdomen. Unicoloured except for a slightly darker apex of the femora. Meso- and metabasitarsus moderately elongate and sub-equal to combined length of remaining tarsomeres.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FAEDFA968FF9FFF6FF9D9FA96F8FA" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A968FF9FFF6FF9D9FECEF950" blockId="57.[189,303,1643,1669]" box="[189,303,1643,1669]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<heading id="D0824A38A968FF9FFF6FF9D9FECEF950" bold="true" box="[189,303,1643,1669]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A968FF9FFF6FF9D9FECEF950" bold="true" box="[189,303,1643,1669]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A968FF9FFF6FF916FA96F8FA" blockId="57.[189,1399,1700,1840]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The unique male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE43F6A968FF9FFE41F916FE1BF96B" box="[403,506,1700,1726]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is badly damaged and incomplete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EE1D1A968FF9FFC7FF916FBF6F96B" box="[941,1047,1700,1726]" captionStart="Figs 120–124" captionStartId="56.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,1145,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,1121,1888]" captionText="Figs 120–124. Phantasca valgius (Westwood, 1859). Holotype, ♂. 120. Habitus, dorsal view. 121. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 122. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. 123. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 124. Anal segment, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255187/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
|
||
). It lacks both front and mid legs, the right hind leg, all tarsi as well as parts of the antennae and most of the anal fan of the alae. The specimen is also much deformed and discoloured due to a former preservation in spirits, the abdomen being strongly bent. This makes exact measuring of the specimen impossible. Female and egg unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FAEDFA96BFF9CFF6FFEB9FD5DFEB1" box="[189,700,267,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A96BFF9CFF6FFEB9FEB7FEF0" blockId="58.[189,342,267,293]" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<heading id="D0824A38A96BFF9CFF6FFEB9FEB7FEF0" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9012146A96BFF9CFF6FFEB9FEB7FEF0" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAFD54A96BFF9CFF6FFEF9FD5DFEB1" blockId="58.[189,700,330,357]" box="[189,700,330,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Not known. Possibly from northeast Brazil.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |