301 lines
33 KiB
XML
301 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="DB02DB8312E827D48ED1F55975A9445C" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629678646461" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Melika, George, Pujade-Villar, Juli, Abe, Yoshihisa, Tang, Chang-Ti, Nicholls, James, Wachi, Nakatada, Ide, Tatsuya, Yang, Man-Miao, Pénzes, Zsolt, Csóka, György & Stone, Graham N." docDate="2010" docId="03DC095CFFC03319CAD8E7A38413FEF3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02470p079.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2470" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aphelonyx Mayr 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFE57124FFDA3302CA4FE53C8719FF89" masterDocTitle="2470" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1699094741932" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="37B8DAC528E6F7F82DBBC9ABFB414687" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F6C4B89D096B25701477FBB28A1DDE9C">
|
||
<mods:title id="37538042D33A72C683DA32584B753C09">2470</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="298C6FBAE54E3841F84526FEFD174608" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4E41DBAEDC243E914300DD23E56BF6EA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="68858AD74C539CB3A0B72894C2DEA0C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0E660D8371DE065B04FB8CD6C99ACBC8">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="655CE3F2DCC4906C25F472A167C83B53" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DE421CA0DCBA51644EB4AA9695E8CA0F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B3C671A00F206BBCA1CA3690EDDD3AF6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="85BCD29FFB91009941085D28A0BFD044">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AAC3B7521C9B4159C2A31D63A89E762F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B9198C410B9156D27715329440B59357">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="56950A3EC7731D584670FAE7C3CE1D0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="972B4F0C385EC4CF5703BD2D8DC361FF">Abe, Yoshihisa</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="10641BE622173C714287FCCF625F19E2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4FB3B503B180F1FD5A35C503291BAD15">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="909B7B43B227D4825D7316B58268537E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="66F87F8C422FBAF911FBEEAFD8899DF1">Tang, Chang-Ti</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="90FBFDA18C4447575FB7ABFA133339F6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4B92E26DA8681EDDEDA9F888026B43CC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="535D400845B2D8B9C08EB891EA6046E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3365D7F7286154500733EF42573B212F">Nicholls, James</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A22CB262D8D540BB1392F9A6851A5A2D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="74D80F54194A7F537B2FFAE435B42256">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1F8EDD31D97AB3507C5FD731C2621C60">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D13745F56864C0DE1152A52B968045A7">Wachi, Nakatada</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F849D2F595FA36268D290F650369CF74" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="65511D264F6999373A5DBA548C827F1E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4F54FE31022F5DC0354665095F093725">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3543BCC7BB50D610A886253EA6B39FCB">Ide, Tatsuya</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F71FBD13893DCAD5A4A9D1B6D54281D0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="887DD427205B856E074767FBC0924A4B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4D927BC8232B00F84958FCEFAFDD5ACE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8AF7CA05B881A64997B191C00E253D48">Yang, Man-Miao</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4FBD3E664B596F804BC9F92D7D108F56" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E89A2CB369288FFBB629D33C70937CFA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3A37CB8AB4C2C5B32F4587BE5149EEE2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="57E2B35FCD32496E8E97124C604F24B4">Pénzes, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4B3FE88BD917EB387B2D64943CFD5019" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="48AE61802064490F84131E1FF9DAE969">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7B81585DBFA735C992425AF42398E33D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2C449D6309175682110064B2FA119642">Csóka, György</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="429A8E119925B52F1CD6240960733B1C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0B8F4AE37D48871E24944AB6B71E0C2D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BC4C43FC0D3CAE7DAAF6505AE6EEB587">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="608F3B3D3FF48E2E42E786DA62EA8D76">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C365688056F49F8F7389BD25CA8F2C49">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="67F3830FB3CCD9EFEC60217924335E62" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D75B117B8CF363D3555F569F5C4017A6">
|
||
<mods:title id="5FFA8777003A365B11A6F9A8D33103D1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E19F6758B28C534D7F382819499D8B5C">
|
||
<mods:date id="6973D358C5C0EEAE98FDF0AD66C6A8DE">2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2FA0B8C66EA574E463BFFB016B53B72A" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="000405BFDEA1A6BD3A1A1CD95F52748A">2010-05-14</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="36802813856E1CF6DE7205D42F96D3D8" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="3E986A74E8E86500356BA4C3BC0FD863">2470</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F588A32571EE9129AE876BE9CDB0A5C7" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="65050DA696BE866CABD223EA4805213A">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="0C3F1725BC658A85ACC48F25AF95FDFD">79</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="53E65BC0021595109BD2B9BB4B94D2D1">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D94510BDEA82AED261407492BEA1E2C1" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03DC095CFFC03319CAD8E7A38413FEF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC095CFFC03319CAD8E7A38413FEF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC095CFFC03319CAD8E7A38413FEF3" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFC03318CAD8E7A386B5FD30" box="[151,428,671,697]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFC03318CAD8E7A386B5FD30" blockId="26.[151,553,671,732]" box="[151,428,671,697]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading id="D0820F26FFC03318CAD8E7A386B5FD30" bold="true" box="[151,428,671,697]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318CAD8E7A386B5FD30" ID-CoL="YDM" ID-ENA="75148" authority="Mayr, 1881" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,428,671,697]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CAD8E7A386B5FD30" bold="true" box="[151,428,671,697]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CAD8E7A38600FD30" bold="true" box="[151,281,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Aphelonyx</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC03318CB6FE7A386B5FD30" author="Mayr, G." box="[288,428,671,697]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref33471" refString="Mayr, G. (1881) Die Genera der gallenbewohnenden Cynipiden. Jahresberichte der Communal-Oberrealschule im I. Bezirke, Wien, 20, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1881">Mayr, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFC03318CAD8E7FE8530FD55" box="[151,553,706,732]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFC03318CAD8E7FE8530FD55" blockId="26.[151,553,671,732]" box="[151,553,706,732]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA4CFFFC03318CAD8E7FE8623FD55" box="[151,314,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURES 184–188" captionStartId="70.[151,269,1159,1183]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,202,1109]" captionTargetId="figure-47@70.[151,1436,194,1135]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 184–188. Aphelonyx cerricola, asexual female: 184, head, anterior view; 185, mesosoma, dorsal view; 186, mesosoma, lateral view; 187, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view; 188, metasoma, lateral view." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 184–188</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA4CFFFC03318CB09E7FE86B6FD55" box="[326,431,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURES 189–193" captionStartId="71.[151,269,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,213,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-42@71.[151,1436,194,1481]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 189–193. Aphelonyx kordestanica, new species, asexual female: 189, head, anterior view; 190, head, dorsal view; 191, head, posterior view; 192, antenna; 193, forewing." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">189–193</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA4CFFFC03318CBF4E7FE853CFD55" box="[443,549,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURES 194–199" captionStartId="72.[151,269,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,202,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-55@72.[151,1436,194,1800]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 194–199. Aphelonyx kordestanica, new species, asexual female: 194, mesosoma, dorsal view; 195, mesosoma, lateral view; 196, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view; 197, metasoma, lateral view; 198–199, galls (photos by M. Tavakoli)." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">194–199</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFC03318CAD8E63B8327FCAB" box="[151,1086,775,802]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFC03318CAD8E63B8327FCAB" blockId="26.[151,1436,775,2033]" box="[151,1086,775,802]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CAD8E63B8622FCA8" bold="true" box="[151,315,775,801]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE06E8FFC03318CAD8E63B87CDFCA8" box="[151,212,775,801]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318CB0CE63485B5FCAB" authority="Giraud, 1859" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[323,684,776,802]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CB0CE634851FFCA8" box="[323,518,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cynips cerricola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC03318C841E63485B5FCAB" author="Giraud, J." box="[526,684,776,802]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref32863" refString="Giraud, J. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs galles. Verhandlungen der zoologischen botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 9, 337 - 374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE06E8FFC03318C8F8E63485E8FCAB" box="[695,753,776,802]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC03318C9EDE6348323FCAB" author="Mayr, G." box="[930,1082,776,802]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref33471" refString="Mayr, G. (1881) Die Genera der gallenbewohnenden Cynipiden. Jahresberichte der Communal-Oberrealschule im I. Bezirke, Wien, 20, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1881">Mayr (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFC03318CA8AE613851EFC48" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFC03318CA8AE613851EFC48" blockId="26.[151,1436,775,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CA8AE613865CFCC0" bold="true" box="[197,325,815,841]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Very closely resembles asexual
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318C881E60C8421FCC0" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[718,824,816,841]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318C881E60C8421FCC0" box="[718,824,816,841]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differs in antennae being 2.0 times as long as the head+mesosoma, notauli are incomplete in the anterior 1/3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA4CFFFC03318C913E66B84DBFCF8" box="[860,962,855,881]" captionStart="FIGURES 184–188" captionStartId="70.[151,269,1159,1183]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,202,1109]" captionTargetId="figure-47@70.[151,1436,194,1135]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 184–188. Aphelonyx cerricola, asexual female: 184, head, anterior view; 185, mesosoma, dorsal view; 186, mesosoma, lateral view; 187, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view; 188, metasoma, lateral view." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 185</figureCitation>
|
||
), and tarsal claws are simple; in asexual
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318CAD8E6438618FC11" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,257,895,920]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CAD8E6438618FC11" box="[151,257,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, antennae are less than 2.0 times as long as head+mesosoma, notauli are usually complete, tarsal claws always with a basal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFC03318CA8AE6F2839FFA64" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFC03318CA8AE6F2839FFA64" blockId="26.[151,1436,775,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CA8AE6F28663FC61" bold="true" box="[197,378,974,1000]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
ASEXUAL FEMALE. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D15AFFFC03318C962E6F284A4FC61" box="[813,957,974,1000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="4.95" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.7">
|
||
4.7
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318C91DE6F28478FC61" bold="true" box="[850,865,974,1000]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.2 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, brown to light brown, with some darker spots on head and mesosoma; with dense long setae. Head coriaceous, slightly broader than high in anterior view. POL nearly equal OOL. Transfacial distance more than 1.5 times as long as height of lower face. Gena strongly broadened behind eye. Lower face rugose, with striae radiating from clypeus and extending into the area between antennal socket and inner margin of compound eye. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, around 2.0 times as long as head+mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.5 times as long as high, with uniform dense white setae. Mesoscutum rugose and pustulate, notauli distinct and impressed in posterior 2/3; median mesoscutal line absent. Mesoscutellum as long or slightly longer than broad, rounded, strongly overhanging metanotum, with strong rugae. Mesopleuron, including speculum uniformly coriaceous, with dense setae. Propodeum shiny, smooth, without carinae, lateral propodeal carina fragmented or absent; smooth, shiny rounded central propodeal area delimited by very dense white setae both sides of central area. Forewing 1.4 times as long as body length, margin with short cilia; radial cell long and narrow, opened. Legs with dense white setae; tarsal claws simple. Metasoma slightly higher than long, laterally compressed, with very dense setae; ventral spine of hypopygium long, needle-like, nearly 4.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CB90E0EE86F7FA65" bold="true" box="[479,494,1490,1516]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.0 times as long as broad, with sparse short white setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFC03318CA8AE0C68301F878" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFC03318CA8AE0C68301F878" blockId="26.[151,1436,775,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CA8AE0C6851EF99D" bold="true" box="[197,519,1530,1556]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Biology and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Three species are known,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318C902E0C783B6F99D" authority="(Giraud)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[845,1199,1530,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318C902E0C78324F99D" box="[845,1085,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Aphelonyx cerricola</emphasis>
|
||
(Giraud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318CEF1E0C7851EF9B5" authority="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CEF1E0C7822EF99D" box="[1214,1335,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. persica</emphasis>
|
||
Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318C870E31F85ECF9B5" authority="Melika & Pujade-Villar & Abe & Tang & Nicholls & Wachi & Ide & Yang & Pénzes & Csóka & Stone, 2010" authorityName="Melika & Pujade-Villar & Abe & Tang & Nicholls & Wachi & Ide & Yang & Pénzes & Csóka & Stone" authorityYear="2010" box="[575,757,1571,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kordestanica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318C870E31F85ECF9B5" box="[575,757,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. kordestanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232D923FFC03318C94BE31E848DF9B5" box="[772,916,1570,1596]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Only an asexual generation is known for all three species. They induce bud galls that are very similar in structure and location, developing singly or in groups most commonly on lateral buds on young shoots only on section Cerris oaks. The mature gall is hollow, with a tough woody wall 1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318C87AE3A5855DF93A" bold="true" box="[565,580,1689,1715]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</emphasis>
|
||
3.0 mm thick; the interior space contains a single, free-rolling or only loosely attached larval chamber. No other Western Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318C93FE3FD84CFF952" box="[880,982,1729,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
||
induce galls of this structure, although one Eastern Palaearctic species known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318C8F6E3D5840BF88A" box="[697,786,1769,1795]" name="Taiwan" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318C96EE3D58326F88B" authorityName="Melika & Pujade-Villar & Abe & Tang & Nicholls & Wachi & Ide & Yang & Pénzes & Csóka & Stone" authorityYear="2010" box="[801,1087,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Trichagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318C96EE3D58326F88B" box="[801,1087,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trichagalma formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[described above] induces a structurally similar gall. The galls develop through the summer and mature in October. Adult wasps overwinter in the gall and emerge in the following March-April.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318C961E2058305F8DB" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[814,1052,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318C961E2058305F8DB" box="[814,1052,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Aphelonyx cerricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is native and relatively common in central and southern Europe, but a recent invader in Britain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC03318C9D1E25C8354F8F3" author="Crawley, M. J." box="[926,1101,1888,1914]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="61" refId="ref32348" refString="Crawley, M. J. (1997) Aphelonyx cerricola Giraud (Hym., Cynipidae) an alien gall-former new to Britain. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 133, 61." type="journal article" year="1997">Crawley 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); also found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318CF40E25C827EF8F3" box="[1295,1383,1888,1914]" name="Algeria" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318CAD8E2B487F3F82B" box="[151,234,1928,1954]" name="Greece" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
(authors),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318CB3CE2B486DEF82B" box="[371,455,1928,1954]" name="Turkey" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC03318CB94E2B4842AF82B" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. & Kieffer, J. J." box="[475,819,1928,1954]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref32565" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. & Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich, 24. Berlin, Friedlander & Sohn, 891 pp." type="book" year="1910">Dalla Torre & Kieffer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318C931E2B484C5F82B" box="[894,988,1928,1954]" name="Ukraine" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B176A8FFC03318C9BEE2B483EFF82B" box="[1009,1270,1928,1954]" country="Ukraine" name="Zakarpattya" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Transcarpathia region</collectingRegion>
|
||
only,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC03318CF06E2B487FAF843" author="Melika, G." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref33518" refString="Melika, G. (2006 a) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, supplement 21 (1 - 2), 1 - 300, 301 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Records of this species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318C804E28C8563F843" box="[587,634,1968,1994]" name="Iran" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC03318C8C6E28C8432F843" author="Chodjai, M." box="[649,811,1968,1994]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref32260" refString="Chodjai, M. (1980) L' etude des Hymenopteres cynipides et les Especes Cecidogenes dans la Faune des Forets du Chene en Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran Supplement 3, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1980">Chodjai 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) probably belong to the recently described species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC03318CFCCE28C87F4F878" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318CFCCE28C87F4F878" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. persica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, currently known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318C84BE2EB852FF878" box="[516,566,2007,2033]" name="Iran" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318C80DE2EB8599F878" box="[578,640,2007,2033]" name="Syria" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFC03318C8F6E2EB8439F878" box="[697,800,2007,2033]" name="Lebanon" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC03318C960E2EB8315F878" author="Melika, G. & Stone, G. N. & Sadeghi, S. E. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[815,1036,2007,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref34018" refString="Melika, G., Stone, G. N., Sadeghi, S. E. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2004) New species of cynipid gallwasps from Iran and Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 50 (2), 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Melika
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC03318C9C4E2E484A7F878" box="[907,958,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFC13319CA8AE5AB8413FEF3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFC13319CA8AE5AB8413FEF3" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319CA8AE5AB864AFF38" bold="true" box="[197,339,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Three Eastern Palaearctic species which were known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319C9A5E5A4837CFF38" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[1002,1125,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319C9A5E5A4837CFF38" box="[1002,1125,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Aphelonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319CE39E5A4828EFF3B" authority="Mukaigawa" authorityName="Mukaigawa" box="[1142,1431,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319CE39E5A4821DFF38" box="[1142,1284,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. crispulae</emphasis>
|
||
Mukaigawa
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319CAD8E5FC86FFFF53" authority="Mukaigawa" authorityName="Mukaigawa" box="[151,486,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glanduliferae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319CAD8E5FC864DFF50" box="[151,340,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. glanduliferae</emphasis>
|
||
Mukaigawa
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319C850E5FC842AFF53" authority="Monzen" authorityName="Monzen" box="[543,819,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutissimae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319C850E5FC85D3FF50" box="[543,714,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. acutissimae</emphasis>
|
||
Monzen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were erroneously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319CED1E5FC8203FF50" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[1182,1306,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319CED1E5FC8203FF50" box="[1182,1306,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Aphelonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC13319CF66E5FC866BFE8B" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="150 - 190" refId="ref33650" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2002) Review of the world genera of oak cynipid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Pp. 150 - 190 in: Melika, G. & Thuroczy, C. (eds) Parasitic Wasps: Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biological Control. Agroinform, Budapest." type="book chapter" year="2002">Melika & Abrahamson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC13319CBCFE5D48523FE8B" author="Abe, Y. & Melika, G. & Stone, G. N." box="[384,570,232,258]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="169 - 212" refId="ref31449" refString="Abe, Y., Melika, G. & Stone, G. N. (2007) The diversity and phylogeography of cynipid gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Oriental and Eastern Palearctic Regions, and their associated communities. Oriental Insects, 41, 169 - 212." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Abe
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319CBF6E5D486F7FE88" box="[441,494,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are discussed above.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319C936E5D484EDFE88" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[889,1012,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319C936E5D484EDFE88" box="[889,1012,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Aphelonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinct monophyletic group in DNA sequence analyses, closely grouped with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319C898E42C834CFEA3" authority="Giraud" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[727,1109,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerriphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319C898E42C84ECFEA0" box="[727,1013,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dryocosmus cerriphilus</emphasis>
|
||
Giraud
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and together these cluster with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319CA9DE40486BFFED8" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[210,422,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319CA9DE40486BFFED8" box="[210,422,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pseudoneuroterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All three lineages are ancient compare to other non-Cerris galling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319CEF8E4048239FEDB" box="[1207,1312,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, diverging
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319CAD8E45C87AAFEF0" box="[151,179,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ca</emphasis>
|
||
10
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319CA98E46387FFFEF0" bold="true" box="[215,230,351,377]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">–</emphasis>
|
||
13 million years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4C5BBFFC13319CBAAE45C85A9FEF3" author="Stone, G. N. & Hernandez-Lopez, A. & Nicholls, J. A. & di Pierro, E. & Pujade-Villar, J & Melika, G. & Cook, J. M." box="[485,688,352,378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="854 - 869" refId="ref35126" refString="Stone, G. N., Hernandez-Lopez, A., Nicholls, J. A., di Pierro, E., Pujade-Villar, J, Melika, G. & Cook, J. M. (2009) Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gallwasps. Evolution, 63, 854 - 869." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFC13319CBAAE45C8530FEF3" authority="Melika & Pujade-Villar & Abe & Tang & Nicholls & Wachi & Ide & Yang & Pénzes & Csóka & Stone, 2010" authorityName="Melika & Pujade-Villar & Abe & Tang & Nicholls & Wachi & Ide & Yang & Pénzes & Csóka & Stone" authorityYear="2010" box="[485,553,352,378]" genus="Stone" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Stone</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9016458FFC13319C87FE45C857DFEF0" box="[560,612,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EA4CFFFC13319C8F3E45C85E4FEF3" box="[700,765,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1256,1280]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,188,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-352@3.[149,1434,147,1271]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Relationships among lineages of western palaearctic oak gallwasps, estimated using 433 basepairs of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b after Stone et al. (2009). The phylogeny shown is a maximum clade credibility tree estimated using the software BEAST (Drummond & Rambaut 2007) using a GTR+I+G model, partitioned by codon position, with a relaxed lognormal clock and Yule speciation prior. Taxa are colour coded as follows: black = genera not included in this research, all galling Quercus section Quercus s.s.; green = Neuroterus galling section Quercus s.s. oaks; red = species galling only section Cerris oaks, Cerris subgroup; blue = species galling only with section Cerris oaks, Ilex subgroup. Values by nodes indicate median age estimates in millions of years from Stone et al. (2009). All nodes shown have a posterior probability of>0.95, except for those indicated by a white asterisk, which have a posterior probability of>0.75." pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |