treatments-xml/data/03/CF/7E/03CF7E313E67FFCCFF35FAA9FB2E95E6.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274265" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcf6c4eb-75e1-45f1-921c-2cbeb8127dc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274265" checkinTime="1459849644089" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Breure, Abraham S. H. &amp; Borrero, Francisco J." docDate="2008" docId="03CF7E313E67FFCCFF35FAA9FB2E95E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01768p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1768" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@747d1932" docStyleName="zootaxa.2007.monograph" docTitle="Thaumastus Albers 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFF606493E61FFC4FFA2FFC6FF96901A" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1635510592766" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Breure, Abraham S. H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Borrero, Francisco J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1768</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>40</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274265</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">fcf6c4eb-75e1-45f1-921c-2cbeb8127dc0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">274265</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5616400" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119362277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5616400" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF7E313E67FFCCFF35FAA9FB2E95E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF7E313E67FFCCFF35FAA9FB2E95E6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,550,1391,1417]" box="[151,550,1391,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,550,1391,1417]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,550,1391,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Genus 
<taxonomicName authority="Albers, 1860" authorityName="Albers" authorityYear="1860" box="[238,550,1391,1417]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,388,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thaumastus</emphasis>
Albers, 
<number box="[492,550,1391,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1860.0">1860</number>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1431,1466,1532]" box="[151,672,1466,1492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName authority="Strebel, 1910" authorityName="Strebel" authorityYear="1910" box="[272,672,1466,1492]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Kara">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[272,509,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thaumastus (Kara)</emphasis>
Strebel, 
<number box="[613,672,1466,1492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1910.0">1910</number>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1431,1466,1532]" box="[197,1431,1506,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1506,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Pfeiffer, 1845" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1845" box="[363,769,1506,1532]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Thompsonii">
<emphasis box="[363,597,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bulimus thompsonii</emphasis>
Pfeiffer, 
<number box="[707,769,1506,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1845.0">1845</number>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution: 
<collectingCountry box="[937,1060,1506,1532]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1072,1146,1506,1532]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1158,1247,1506,1532]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1259,1316,1506,1532]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1327,1427,1506,1532]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1586,1852]" box="[151,762,1586,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,574,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<number box="[151,183,1586,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="18.0">18</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Pfeiffer, 1845" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1845" box="[195,574,1586,1612]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Thompsonii" subGenus="Kara">Thaumastus (Kara) thompsonii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Pfeiffer, 
<number box="[693,753,1586,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1845.0">1845</number>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1586,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1626,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Quito. 
<typeStatus box="[447,564,1626,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode box="[571,659,1626,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[666,773,1626,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1975464.0">1975464</number>
. Junior synonyms of this species are 
<taxonomicName authority="Cousin, 1887" authorityName="Cousin" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Orphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="Thompsoni" subSpecies="nigricans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orphnus thompsoni nigricans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Cousin" box="[273,434,1666,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" refString="Cousin, A. (1887) Faune malacologique de la Republique de l'Equateur. Bulletin Societe zoologique de France, 12, 187 - 287." type="journal article" year="1887">
Cousin, 
<number box="[375,434,1666,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1887.0">1887</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus box="[452,504,1666,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality: Cuenca), 
<taxonomicName authority="Cousin, 1887" authorityName="Cousin" authorityYear="1887" box="[739,1257,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Orphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="Thompsoni" subSpecies="olivacea">
<emphasis box="[739,1085,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orphnus thompsoni olivacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Cousin" box="[1097,1257,1666,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" refString="Cousin, A. (1887) Faune malacologique de la Republique de l'Equateur. Bulletin Societe zoologique de France, 12, 187 - 287." type="journal article" year="1887">
Cousin, 
<number box="[1198,1257,1666,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1887.0">1887</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus box="[1276,1328,1666,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality: Cuenca) and 
<taxonomicName authority="Cousin, 1887" authorityName="Cousin" authorityYear="1887" box="[305,774,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Orphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="Thompsoni" subSpecies="zebra">
<emphasis box="[305,610,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orphnus thompsoni zebra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Cousin" box="[617,774,1706,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" refString="Cousin, A. (1887) Faune malacologique de la Republique de l'Equateur. Bulletin Societe zoologique de France, 12, 187 - 287." type="journal article" year="1887">
Cousin, 
<number box="[715,774,1706,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1887.0">1887</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus box="[789,841,1706,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality: near Azogues).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1586,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[354,432,1746,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Azuay</emphasis>
, Cuenca (
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[549,626,1746,1772]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ANSP</collectionCode>
<number box="[633,724,1746,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="168228.0">168228</number>
; 
<collectionCode box="[736,801,1746,1772]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x09h-x3qj" name="Coleccion Mastozoologica del Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion,Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[808,903,1746,1772]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C11040" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
C 
<number box="[827,903,1746,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="11040.0">11040</number>
</accessionNumber>
; 
<collectionCode box="[915,974,1746,1772]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">EPN</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[985,1070,1746,1772]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[1077,1156,1746,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="78736.0">78736</number>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1175,1253,1746,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cañar</emphasis>
, near Azogues; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1786,1812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pichincha</emphasis>
, Nanegal (
<collectionCode box="[417,486,1786,1812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
). “ 
<collectingCountry box="[524,627,1786,1812]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
” (
<collectionCode box="[660,727,1786,1812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x09h-x3qj" name="Coleccion Mastozoologica del Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion,Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[741,836,1786,1812]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C11000" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
C 
<number box="[761,836,1786,1812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="11000.0">11000</number>
</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber box="[855,950,1786,1812]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C11041" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
C 
<number box="[875,950,1786,1812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="11041.0">11041</number>
</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber box="[968,1063,1786,1812]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C11126" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
C 
<number box="[988,1063,1786,1812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="11126.0">11126</number>
</accessionNumber>
; 
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[1082,1174,1786,1812]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">RMNH</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode box="[1192,1261,1786,1812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMA</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode box="[1281,1346,1786,1812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMH</collectionCode>
<number box="[1360,1423,1786,1812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="7528.0">7528</number>
). “Quito” (
<collectionCode box="[259,349,1826,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[356,459,1826,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1975465.0">1975465</number>
/ 
<number box="[468,482,1826,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2.0">2</number>
<typeStatus box="[489,662,1826,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
; 
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[673,758,1826,1852]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[765,858,1826,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="103304.0">103304</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,855,1906,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,620,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<number box="[151,183,1906,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="19.0">19</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Oberwimmer, 1931" authorityName="Oberwimmer" authorityYear="1931" box="[195,620,1906,1932]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Thompsonoides" subGenus="Kara">Thaumastus (Kara) thompsonoides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Oberwimmer, 
<number box="[797,855,1906,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1931.0">1931</number>
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1946,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[366,465,1946,1972]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, Loja. 
<typeStatus box="[545,654,1946,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[662,721,1946,1972]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SMF</collectionCode>
<number box="[728,790,1946,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="5144.0">5144</number>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,855,1906,2012]" box="[197,785,1986,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,414,1986,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Loja</emphasis>
,? [no specific locality known].
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1077,151,218]" box="[151,754,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName authority="Strebel, 1910" authorityName="Strebel" authorityYear="1910" box="[272,754,151,178]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Scholvienia">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[272,591,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thaumastus (Scholvienia)</emphasis>
Strebel, 
<number box="[695,754,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1910.0">1910</number>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1077,151,218]" box="[197,1077,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Nyst, 1845" authorityName="Nyst" authorityYear="1845" box="[363,736,192,218]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Bitaeniatus">
<emphasis box="[363,597,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bulimus bitaeniatus</emphasis>
Nyst, 
<number box="[674,736,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1845.0">1845</number>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution: 
<collectingCountry box="[904,961,192,218]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[973,1073,192,218]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1404,271,418]" box="[151,855,271,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,632,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,271,297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="20.0">20</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Morelet, 1863" authorityName="Morelet" authorityYear="1863" box="[195,632,271,297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Jaspideus" subGenus="Scholvienia">Thaumastus (Scholvienia) jaspideus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Morelet, 
<number box="[757,817,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1863.0">1863</number>
)**
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1404,271,418]" box="[197,602,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[366,423,312,338]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Huancavelica.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1404,271,418]" box="[197,830,351,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,510,351,377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tungurahua</emphasis>
, Baños (
<collectionCode box="[613,718,352,378]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[725,818,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="109807.0">109807</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1404,271,418]" box="[197,1404,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Remarks: This is the first record—if correctly identified—from outside the known distribution in 
<collectingCountry box="[1342,1399,392,418]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1138,471,538]" box="[151,822,471,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName authority="Weyrauch, 1956" authorityName="Weyrauch" authorityYear="1956" box="[272,822,471,498]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Thaumastiella">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[272,623,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thaumastus (Thaumastiella)</emphasis>
Weyrauch, 
<number box="[763,822,472,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1956.0">1956</number>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1138,471,538]" box="[197,1138,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Pilsbry, 1897" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1897" box="[363,797,512,538]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Sarcochrous">
<emphasis box="[363,632,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bulimulus sarcochrous</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry" box="[639,797,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refString="Pilsbry, H. A. (1897 - 1898) American Bulimulidae: Bulimulus, Neopetraeus, Oxychona, and South American Drymaeus. Manual of Conchology, (2) 11, 1 - 339." type="journal article" year="1897">
Pilsbry, 
<number box="[735,797,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1897.0">1897</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution: 
<collectingCountry box="[965,1022,512,538]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1034,1134,512,538]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1435,591,778]" box="[151,912,591,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,701,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,591,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="21.0">21</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Pilsbry, 1897" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1897" box="[195,701,591,617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Sarcochrous" subGenus="Thaumastiella">Thaumastus (Thaumastiella) sarcochrous</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry" box="[716,875,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refString="Pilsbry, H. A. (1897 - 1898) American Bulimulidae: Bulimulus, Neopetraeus, Oxychona, and South American Drymaeus. Manual of Conchology, (2) 11, 1 - 339." type="journal article" year="1897">
Pilsbry, 
<number box="[814,875,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1897.0">1897</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)**
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1435,591,778]" box="[197,699,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[366,424,632,658]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<typeStatus box="[434,543,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[551,626,632,658]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ANSP</collectionCode>
<number box="[633,695,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="4705.0">4705</number>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1435,591,778]" box="[197,987,671,698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,479,671,697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pichincha</emphasis>
, 
<quantity box="[493,567,672,698]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
N Quito (
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[685,772,672,698]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[779,974,672,698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="106151.106152">106151, 106152</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1435,591,778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Remarks: This subgenus is known from northern 
<collectingCountry box="[788,841,712,738]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
(Depts. La Libertad, Cajamarca) and if the specimens have been correctly identified, this is an extension of the known range into 
<collectingCountry box="[1102,1202,752,778]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1270,831,898]" box="[151,758,831,858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName authority="Albers, 1860" authorityName="Albers" authorityYear="1860" box="[272,758,831,858]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Thaumastus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[272,599,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thaumastus (Thaumastus)</emphasis>
Albers, 
<number box="[699,758,832,858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1860.0">1860</number>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1270,831,898]" box="[197,1270,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Pfeiffer, 1846" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1846" box="[363,742,872,898]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Hartwegi">
<emphasis box="[363,571,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bulimus hartwegi</emphasis>
Pfeiffer, 
<number box="[680,742,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1846.0">1846</number>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution: 
<collectingCountry box="[911,986,872,898]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[997,1086,872,898]" name="Bolivia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1098,1155,872,898]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1166,1266,872,898]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,807,951,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,643,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,951,977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="22.0">22</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Strebel, 1910" authorityName="Strebel" authorityYear="1910" box="[195,643,951,977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Brunneus" subGenus="Thaumastus">Thaumastus (Thaumastus) brunneus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Strebel, 
<number box="[748,807,952,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1910.0">1910</number>
<typeStatus box="[197,255,992,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[366,466,992,1018]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,807,951,1058]" box="[197,714,1031,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,370,1031,1057]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">?</emphasis>
[no specific locality known].
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,992,1111,1218]" box="[151,822,1111,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,630,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,1111,1137]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="23.0">23</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Higgins, 1872" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1872" box="[195,630,1111,1137]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Buckleyi" subGenus="Thaumastus">Thaumastus (Thaumastus) buckleyi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Higgins, 
<number box="[754,814,1112,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1872.0">1872</number>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,992,1111,1218]" box="[197,859,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: San Lucas. 
<typeStatus box="[502,609,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Syntypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode box="[616,704,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
1872.5.22.6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,992,1111,1218]" box="[197,992,1191,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,414,1191,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Loja</emphasis>
, San Lucas (
<collectionCode box="[564,659,1192,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
). “ 
<collectingCountry box="[689,792,1192,1218]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
” (
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[817,894,1192,1218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ANSP</collectionCode>
<number box="[901,979,1192,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="81285.0">81285</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1129,1271,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,581,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,1271,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="24.0">24</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Jousseaume, 1897" authorityName="Jousseaume" authorityYear="1897" box="[195,581,1271,1297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Flori" subGenus="Thaumastus">Thaumastus (Thaumastus) flori</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Jousseaume, 
<number box="[752,812,1272,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1897.0">1897</number>
) 
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1312,1338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Machala.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1129,1271,1378]" box="[197,1129,1351,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,440,1351,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">El Oro</emphasis>
, Machala; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[571,695,1351,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pichincha</emphasis>
, Nanegal (see Weyrauch 
<number box="[994,1057,1352,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1967.0">1967</number>
: 
<number box="[1068,1117,1352,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="472.0">472</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1426,1572]" box="[151,822,1426,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,635,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,1426,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="25.0">25</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Pfeiffer, 1846" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1846" box="[195,635,1426,1452]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Hartwegi" subGenus="Thaumastus">Thaumastus (Thaumastus) hartwegi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Pfeiffer, 
<number box="[754,814,1426,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1846.0">1846</number>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1426,1572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1466,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “El Catamaija” near Loja. 
<typeStatus box="[678,774,1466,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Syntype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode box="[781,869,1466,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[876,982,1466,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1975126.0">1975126</number>
. Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[363,422,1506,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Loja</emphasis>
, Catamayo (
<collectionCode box="[586,680,1506,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[708,832,1506,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pichincha</emphasis>
, probably vicinity of Nanegal (
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[1239,1316,1506,1532]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ANSP</collectionCode>
<number box="[1331,1424,1506,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="195217.0">195217</number>
). “ 
<collectingCountry box="[161,264,1546,1572]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
” (
<collectionCode box="[289,356,1546,1572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x09h-x3qj" name="Coleccion Mastozoologica del Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion,Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[364,459,1546,1572]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/C11020" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
C 
<number box="[383,459,1546,1572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="11020.0">11020</number>
</accessionNumber>
; 
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[471,565,1546,1572]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">RMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1344,1621,1727]" box="[151,864,1621,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,656,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,1621,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="26.0">26</number>
. 
<taxonomicName box="[195,656,1621,1647]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Indentatus" subGenus="Thaumastus">Thaumastus (Thaumastus) indentatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Da Costa, 
<number box="[795,855,1621,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1901.0">1901</number>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1344,1621,1727]" box="[197,877,1661,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1661,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[366,466,1661,1687]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<typeStatus box="[477,586,1661,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode box="[593,681,1661,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
1907.11. 
<number box="[789,874,1661,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="21115.0">21.115</number>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1344,1621,1727]" box="[197,1344,1701,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,370,1701,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">?</emphasis>
[no specific locality known]. “ 
<collectingCountry box="[731,834,1701,1727]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
” (
<collectionCode box="[860,950,1701,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
1907.11.21.116/ 
<number box="[1152,1161,1701,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
<typeStatus box="[1168,1331,1701,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">paralectotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1234,1775,1882]" box="[151,801,1775,1802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,613,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,1775,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="27.0">27</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Pfeiffer, 1855" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1855" box="[195,613,1775,1801]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Integer" subGenus="Thaumastus">Thaumastus (Thaumastus) integer</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Pfeiffer, 
<number box="[733,793,1776,1802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1855.0">1855</number>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1234,1775,1882]" box="[197,950,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Quito. 
<typeStatus box="[448,565,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode box="[572,660,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[667,770,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1975244.0">1975244</number>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Breure" box="[785,937,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="1979">
Breure 
<number box="[874,937,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1234,1775,1882]" box="[197,1234,1855,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,370,1855,1881]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">?</emphasis>
[no specific locality known]. “Quito” (
<collectionCode box="[828,918,1856,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[926,1033,1856,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1975245.0">1975245</number>
/ 
<number box="[1042,1051,1856,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
<typeStatus box="[1059,1223,1856,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">paralectotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1930,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,666,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number box="[151,183,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="28.0">28</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Pfeiffer, 1853" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[195,666,1930,1956]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Loxostomus" subGenus="Thaumastus">Thaumastus (Thaumastus) loxostomus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Pfeiffer, 
<number box="[785,845,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1853.0">1853</number>
) 
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1970,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Andes of 
<collectingCountry box="[478,640,1970,1996]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New Granada</collectingCountry>
[Judging by the name this taxon may originate from the province of Loja].
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[197,771,151,178]" box="[197,771,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Distribution:? 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[368,427,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Loja</emphasis>
[no specific locality known].
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,231,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,601,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<number box="[151,183,231,257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="29.0">29</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Weyrauch, 1967" authorityName="Weyrauch" authorityYear="1967" box="[195,601,231,257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Orcesi" subGenus="Thaumastus">Thaumastus (Thaumastus) orcesi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Weyrauch, 
<number box="[740,798,232,258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1967.0">1967</number>
<typeStatus box="[197,255,272,298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[367,466,272,298]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, basin of río Esmeraldas, 
<quantity box="[772,847,272,298]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
NW Quito, region of Nanegal, 
<quantity box="[1222,1314,272,298]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
. 
<typeStatus box="[1327,1436,272,298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode box="[151,205,312,338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f5t5-0jbj" name="Instituto Miguel Lillo" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IML</collectionCode>
<number box="[212,274,312,338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3165.0">3165</number>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,231,378]" box="[197,679,351,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,479,351,377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pichincha</emphasis>
, Nanegal (
<collectionCode box="[607,667,352,378]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f5t5-0jbj" name="Instituto Miguel Lillo" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IML</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table box="[151,1436,431,538]" gridcols="9" gridrows="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr box="[151,1436,431,458]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[151,665,431,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName box="[151,301,431,457]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,301,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thaumastus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1436,471,498]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[151,665,471,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[357,596,471,497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zamora-Chinchipe</emphasis>
, road
</th>
<td box="[675,698,471,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">to</td>
<td box="[707,828,471,498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Valladolid</td>
<td box="[837,950,471,498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(FLMNH</td>
<td box="[959,1080,471,498]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">157166)*;</td>
<td box="[1089,1243,471,498]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tapichalaca*</td>
<td box="[1252,1289,471,498]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(B.</td>
<td box="[1298,1379,471,498]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Harris,</td>
<tr box="[151,1436,512,538]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[151,665,512,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td box="[1389,1436,471,498]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">personal</td>
communication and photograph).
</th>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table box="[151,1435,631,732]" colsContinueIn="8.[151,1436,1586,1732]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr box="[151,1435,631,657]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[151,593,631,657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,518,631,657]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Genus 
<taxonomicName authority="Troschel, 1847" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1847" box="[238,518,631,657]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Bostryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,331,631,657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bostryx</emphasis>
Troschel, 1847
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1435,666,692]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[151,593,666,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Type species: 
<emphasis box="[374,593,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName box="[374,470,666,691]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bulimus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[492,584,666,691]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Bostryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bostryx</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[605,688,666,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[605,688,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">solutus</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[701,810,666,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Troschel,</td>
<td box="[823,889,666,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1847.</td>
<td box="[902,1052,666,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution:</td>
<td box="[1065,1192,666,692]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Venezuela,</td>
<td box="[1205,1329,666,692]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Argentina,</td>
<td box="[1342,1435,666,692]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bolivia,</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1435,706,732]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[151,593,706,732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chile, Peru, Ecuador.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,786,1292]" box="[151,616,786,812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,414,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<number box="[151,183,786,812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="30.0">30</number>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Sowerby, 1833" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1833" box="[195,414,786,812]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Bostryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Bilineatus">Bostryx bilineatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Sowerby, 
<number box="[548,608,786,812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1833.0">1833</number>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,786,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,826,852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[368,509,826,852]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
and in western 
<collectingCountry box="[697,813,826,852]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
[Although there are more places with this name, we suppose that here is meant 
<collectingCountry box="[467,607,866,892]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
in Prov. Guayas]. 
<typeStatus box="[824,931,866,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Syntypes</typeStatus>
<accessionNumber box="[938,1083,866,892]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ZMB10261" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectionCode box="[938,1002,866,892]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZMB</collectionCode>
<number box="[1010,1083,866,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="10261.0">10261</number>
</accessionNumber>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Kohler" box="[1098,1408,866,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Kohler, F. (2007) Annotated type catalogue of the Bulimulidae (Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea, Bulimulidae) in the Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 83, 125 - 159." type="journal article" year="2007">
Köhler 
<number box="[1188,1251,866,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2007.0">2007</number>
: 
<number box="[1262,1308,866,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="131.0">131</number>
, Fig. 
<number box="[1375,1408,866,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="21.0">21</number>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,786,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[354,448,906,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guayas</emphasis>
, 
<quantity box="[463,538,906,932]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
WNW Progreso [= Gómes Rendón] (
<collectionCode box="[978,1083,906,932]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[1090,1185,906,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139140.0">139140</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[1217,1290,906,932]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
W Progreso (
<collectionCode box="[158,263,946,972]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[270,365,946,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139079.0">139079</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[398,457,946,972]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
ENE Progreso (
<collectionCode box="[647,752,946,972]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[758,853,946,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139047.0">139047</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[886,945,946,972]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
NNE Progreso (
<collectionCode box="[1138,1243,946,972]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[1250,1345,946,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139049.0">139049</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[1377,1437,946,972]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
N Palmar (
<collectionCode box="[277,382,986,1012]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[390,485,986,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139078.0">139078</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[517,576,986,1012]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
N Palmar (
<collectionCode box="[711,816,986,1012]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[823,918,986,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139056.0">139056</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[951,1011,986,1012]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
N Monteverde (
<collectionCode box="[1203,1308,986,1012]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[1316,1411,986,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139077.0">139077</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[151,210,1026,1052]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
E Zapotal (
<collectionCode box="[347,452,1026,1052]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[458,553,1026,1052]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139106.0">139106</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[586,646,1026,1052]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
S Manglaralto (
<collectionCode box="[834,939,1026,1052]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[946,1040,1026,1052]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139114.0">139114</number>
)*; 
<collectingCountry box="[1072,1211,1026,1052]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[1226,1321,1026,1052]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">RMNH</collectionCode>
); 11.2 km NE 
<collectingCountry box="[202,345,1066,1092]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[365,452,1066,1092]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[463,558,1066,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="106230.0">106230</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[596,674,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
NE 
<collectingCountry box="[737,881,1066,1092]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[900,987,1066,1092]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[999,1097,1066,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="106153.0">106153</number>
)*;. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1138,1236,1066,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Manabí</emphasis>
, Manta (
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[1349,1436,1066,1092]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[151,346,1106,1132]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="125507.125216">125507, 125216</number>
); 
<quantity box="[366,439,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
WNW Jipijapa (
<collectionCode box="[637,742,1106,1132]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[749,844,1106,1132]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139038.0">139038</number>
)*; 
<quantity box="[876,935,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
S Ayampe (
<collectionCode box="[1078,1183,1106,1132]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FLMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[1190,1285,1106,1132]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="139048.0">139048</number>
)*.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,786,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Remarks: There are according to the GNS two places named Progreso in Guayas province [
<geoCoordinate box="[1277,1435,1146,1172]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="15" value="-1.7666667">
01° 
<number box="[1328,1360,1146,1172]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="46.0">46</number>
' 00&quot; S
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,333,1186,1212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="15" value="-79.75">
079° 
<number box="[214,246,1186,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="45.0">45</number>
' 00&quot; W
</geoCoordinate>
and 
<geoCoordinate box="[390,544,1186,1212]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="15" value="-1.8833333">
01° 
<number box="[438,470,1186,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="53.0">53</number>
' 00&quot; S
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[552,734,1186,1212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="15" value="-79.86667">
079° 
<number box="[615,647,1186,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="52.0">52</number>
' 00&quot; W
</geoCoordinate>
respectively]. Given the record for Zapotal, it is most probably that a place named Gómes Rendón was meant [
<geoCoordinate box="[764,921,1226,1252]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="15" value="-2.4">
02° 
<number box="[814,846,1226,1252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="24.0">24</number>
' 00&quot; S
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[929,1113,1226,1252]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="15" value="-80.36667">
080° 
<number box="[992,1024,1226,1252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="22.0">22</number>
' 00&quot; W
</geoCoordinate>
] for which the GNS lists as a variant name Progreso.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1435,1346,1532]" box="[151,627,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,446,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<number box="[151,183,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="31.0">31</number>
.? 
<taxonomicName authority="Pilsbry, 1896" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1896" box="[207,446,1346,1372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Bostryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Ceroplastus">Bostryx ceroplastus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Pilsbry, 
<number box="[559,619,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1896.0">1896</number>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1435,1346,1532]" box="[197,1156,1386,1412]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus box="[197,255,1386,1412]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[366,423,1386,1412]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Río Marañon, Balsas. 
<typeStatus box="[696,813,1386,1412]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[820,895,1386,1412]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ANSP</collectionCode>
<number box="[903,976,1386,1412]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="25468.0">25468</number>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Breure" box="[991,1143,1386,1412]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="1979">
Breure 
<number box="[1080,1143,1386,1412]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1435,1346,1532]" box="[197,956,1426,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Distribution: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[355,510,1426,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tungurahua</emphasis>
, 
<quantity box="[524,598,1426,1452]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
SE Ambato (
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[756,843,1426,1452]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[851,944,1426,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="106156.0">106156</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1435,1346,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Remarks: This is a species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern 
<collectingCountry box="[1090,1144,1466,1492]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Peru</collectingCountry>
and its disjunct distribution—both geographically and in altitude—makes a confirmation of this record necessary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>