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<document id="9E0DA45D10052727FA176BB09E051180" ID-CLB-Dataset="55246" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95de53d6-ac5c-424e-a3ed-087bc2e2912b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090240" ID-ZooBank="C6664128-1B4E-40C8-80E8-6D09AB49CB30" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1687949290506" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2023" docId="03C387E86675FFA5FF68E17385F0FAC2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5310.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5310 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paralophaster paucispinus Mah 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FFFAFF906631FFE3FFFFE7588613FFBB" masterDocTitle="New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1699537264752" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A7EF05DC27B71F5E3A0CFEE6DDE87431">New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FAAEE0C8DF0618319BC54CBD21C6DFB4">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4814398F4334A637D6380894C2AE401F">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C682873DECDB2F486C1F4219607A65E5">2023-06-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3358978C0C8DFDF19195686282147369">5310</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BF7698F000059375666DFEEEF556CB1A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3EAC4875F1A00AFF15CB986B48C4F9BD" type="CLB-Dataset">55246</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6A5A13A2E0B07F5C37885009FD82898B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C387E86675FFA5FF68E17385F0FAC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090226" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210479612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090226" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86675FFA5FF68E17385F0FAC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387E86675FFA5FF68E17385F0FAC2" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<subSubSection id="C37065756675FFA7FF68E1738436F9FD" box="[151,549,1579,1606]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6675FFA7FF68E1738436F9FD" blockId="68.[151,549,1579,1642]" box="[151,549,1579,1606]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<heading id="D09D81926675FFA7FF68E1738436F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,549,1579,1606]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6675FFA7FF68E1738436F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,549,1579,1606]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6675FFA7FF68E17387C8F9FD" ID-CoL="b9e5d393-bf48-4768-a953-e0631cc3779b" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,475,1579,1606]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucispinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6675FFA7FF68E17387C8F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,475,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Paralophaster paucispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976675FFA7FE1DE1748436F9FD" box="[482,549,1580,1606]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756675FFA7FF68E1088745F9D1" box="[151,342,1616,1642]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6675FFA7FF68E1088745F9D1" blockId="68.[151,549,1579,1642]" box="[151,342,1616,1642]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6675FFA7FF68E1088745F9D1" box="[151,342,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 23 A–F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756675FFA7FF68E1CF844FF942" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6675FFA7FF68E1CF870BF90A" blockId="68.[151,1436,1687,1785]" box="[151,280,1687,1713]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6675FFA7FF68E1CF870BF90A" bold="true" box="[151,280,1687,1713]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6675FFA7FF38E1E3844FF942" blockId="68.[151,1436,1687,1785]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
The species epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6675FFA7FE56E1E4843CF96E" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[425,559,1724,1749]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucispinus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6675FFA7FE56E1E4843CF96E" box="[425,559,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">paucispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is Latin for “few or little spines” alluding to the relatively few spines on the abactinal paxillae and the furrow spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756675FFA7FF68E07E852AF848" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6675FFA7FF68E07E8719F8FB" blockId="68.[151,1436,1830,2035]" box="[151,266,1830,1856]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6675FFA7FF68E07E8719F8FB" bold="true" box="[151,266,1830,1856]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6675FFA7FF38E012852AF848" blockId="68.[151,1436,1830,2035]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Body form stellate with broad disk, triangular arms (R/r=2.0), interradial arcs weakly curved (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6675FFA7FAFCE0128383F8DF" box="[1283,1424,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 23A, E</figureCitation>
). Abactinal paxillae with two to four spinelets (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6675FFA7FD6DE03584EBF833" box="[658,760,1901,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
). Disk broad with interradial regions divided by lobate plates (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6675FFA7FF60E0C98735F810" box="[159,294,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 23A, C</figureCitation>
). Marginal plates, only one row discernable, 26–28 per interradius (13–14 per arm side) (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6675FFA7FB01E0C9835CF810" box="[1278,1359,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
, D, E). Each marginal paxillae with 4–10 blunt spinelets. Furrow spines two proximally then one distally, subambulacral spines, two, widely spaced, lacking serrated shaft (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6675FFA7FD30E081853EF848" box="[719,813,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig 23F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1566766674FFA6FF68E0418577F8C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" startId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" targetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" targetPageId="69">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6674FFA6FF68E0418577F8C7" blockId="69.[151,1436,1817,1916]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6674FFA6FF68E0418722F88F" bold="true" box="[151,305,1817,1844]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6674FFA6FEC4E042847EF88F" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[315,621,1818,1844]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucispinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6674FFA6FEC4E042847EF88F" box="[315,621,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Paralophaster paucispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976674FFA6FD88E04284A5F88F" box="[631,694,1818,1844]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
USNM 1660601
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6674FFA6FC78E04285E0F88F" box="[903,1011,1818,1844]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37065756677FFA5FF68E7CE820BFEFA" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF68E7CE870BFF0B" blockId="70.[151,1437,150,321]" box="[151,280,150,176]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FF68E7CE870BFF0B" bold="true" box="[151,280,150,176]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E7E3839EFF42" blockId="70.[151,1437,150,321]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6677FFA5FF38E7E387E6FF6F" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,501,187,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucispinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FF38E7E387E6FF6F" box="[199,501,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Paralophaster paucispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976677FFA5FE04E7E38426FF6E" box="[507,565,187,213]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6677FFA5FC94E7E38277FF6E" box="[875,1124,187,213]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FC94E7E3821EFF6E" box="[875,1037,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Paralophaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by presence of significantly few spinelets on abactinal and marginal paxillae, as well as for low numbers of furrow and subambulacral spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E65B820BFEFA" blockId="70.[151,1437,150,321]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6677FFA5FF38E65B87E4FEA7" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,503,259,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucispinus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FF38E65B87E4FEA7" box="[199,503,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Paralophaster paucispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of three
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6677FFA5FD56E65B85B7FEA6" box="[681,932,259,285]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FD56E65B8558FEA6" box="[681,843,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Paralophaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
occurring at bathyal depths (
<quantity id="4C929B1B6677FFA5FB11E65A839CFEA6" box="[1262,1423,258,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2674999999999996" metricValueMax="3.285" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="3267.5" valueMax="3285.0" valueMin="3250.0">3250–3285 m</quantity>
), including
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6677FFA5FEF7E67F846EFEFA" box="[264,637,294,321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="godfroyi">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FEF7E67F841CFEFA" box="[264,527,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Paralophaster godfroyi</emphasis>
(
<quantity id="4C929B1B6677FFA5FDE2E67E8466FEFA" box="[541,629,294,321]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6677FFA5FD4CE67F85B1FEFA" box="[691,930,295,321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lorioli">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FD4CE67F85B1FEFA" box="[691,930,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Paralophaster lorioli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4C929B1B6677FFA5FC4EE67E821FFEFA" box="[945,1036,294,321]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="4572.0">4572 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756677FFA5FF68E636852CFBC6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF68E6368732FE33" blockId="70.[151,1437,366,1149]" box="[151,289,366,392]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FF68E6368732FE33" bold="true" box="[151,289,366,392]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E6CB8727FE6A" blockId="70.[151,1437,366,1149]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Body stellate (R/r=2.0), thick, arms short and triangular. Disk broad, interradial arcs straight or weakly curved (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6677FFA5FF60E6EF8734FE6A" box="[159,295,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 23A, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E6838568FD76" blockId="70.[151,1437,366,1149]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Abactinal surface paxillate, each with 2 to 4 short spinelets (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6677FFA5FC98E68385DDFE4E" box="[871,974,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
). Spinelets with denticulate or roughened tips. Paxillar plates with round bases. Body surface covered by membranous skin. Interradial regions with well-developed skeletal dividers with transverse extensions all formed from extended, lobate plates dividing the arms into their respective radial regions. These plates with 2 to 5 paxillae, identical to others on the disk. These interradial lobate plates culminate on the primary ring centrally on the disk. Lobate plates without paxillae otherwise lacking further accessories or features. Madreporite, quadrate, weakly raised with well-developed sulci located in contact with lobate dividers, surrounded by approximately 3 to 5 paxillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E58F85B4FC1E" blockId="70.[151,1437,366,1149]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Marginal plates 26–28 per interradius (13–14 per arm side), interradially extending onto actinal intermediate surface (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6677FFA5FF05E5A387B8FCAE" box="[250,427,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 23C, D, E</figureCitation>
). Only one clear series of enlarged paxillae-shaped marginal plates observable between the terminal plate and the interradius on the disk. Marginal plates widely spaced, each separated by an interval equivalent to the length of one adambulacral plate. Each marginal plate base broad and thick, irregularly round in cross section, approximately twice the thickness of adjacent abactinal plates. Paxillar heads convex, brush-like, bearing 4 to 10 blunt spinelets. Terminal plate, round, surface convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E4F787EBFC56" blockId="70.[151,1437,366,1149]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Actinal intermediate area spineless and plateless, covered with membranous skin, identical to that on the abactinal surface (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6677FFA5FE9CE48B87F8FC56" box="[355,491,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 23D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E4AF852CFBC6" blockId="70.[151,1437,366,1149]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Adambulacral plates covered over with membranous dermis. Furrow spines two then one distally along arm, unwebbed, pointing away from one another, each with smooth surface, tip pointed (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6677FFA5FBCCE3438285FB8E" box="[1075,1174,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="69.[151,260,1817,1843]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,237,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@69.[151,1436,234,1793]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 23. Paralophaster paucispinus n. sp. USNM 1660601 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Lateral view showing marginal paxillae. D. Closeup showing actinal intermediate surface, marginal plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Closeup of furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8092125/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
). Subambulacral spines one or two, smooth faces. Oral plates triangular, covered with dermis, each plate with 6 webbed furrow spines, totaling 12 per interradius. Oral plate surface with no spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756677FFA5FF68E3F287FEFB52" box="[151,493,1194,1257]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF68E3F28731FB7F" blockId="70.[151,493,1194,1257]" box="[151,290,1194,1220]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FF68E3F28731FB7F" bold="true" box="[151,290,1194,1220]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Occurrence</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E39787FEFB52" blockId="70.[151,493,1194,1257]" box="[199,493,1230,1257]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Scotia Sea,
<quantity id="4C929B1B6677FFA5FEB4E39687FAFB52" box="[331,489,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5585" metricValueMax="3.867" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="3558.5" valueMax="3867.0" valueMin="3250.0">3250–3867 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756677FFA5FF68E24E85F0FAC2" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF68E24E876CFA8B" blockId="70.[151,1436,1302,1401]" box="[151,383,1302,1328]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="D09D81926677FFA5FF68E24E876CFA8B" bold="true" box="[151,383,1302,1328]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FF68E24E876CFA8B" bold="true" box="[151,383,1302,1328]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6677FFA5FF38E26385F0FAC2" blockId="70.[151,1436,1302,1401]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36677FFA5FF38E26385F0FAC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000353" collectingDate="1964-03-24" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="V Eltanin USAP" country="United Kingdom" elevation="3268" location="Southern Ocean" municipality="Scotia Sea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="USNM 1660601" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FF38E2638728FAEE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1339,1365]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6677FFA5FF38E2638725FAEE" box="[199,310,1339,1365]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E856677FFA5FEBDE26387EDFAEE" box="[322,510,1339,1365]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USNM 1660601</specimenCode>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A672FDC6677FFA5FDF7E263849DFAEE" box="[520,654,1339,1365]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">SE of South</locationDeviation>
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6677FFA5FD6AE2638551FAEE" box="[661,834,1339,1365]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC846677FFA5FCB2E26385D7FAEE" box="[845,964,1339,1365]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Scotia Sea</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EB560256677FFA5FC30E2638296FAEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86675FFA5FF68E17385F0FAC2:8EB560256677FFA5FC30E2638296FAEE" box="[975,1157,1339,1365]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="Scotia Sea" name="Southern Ocean" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Southern Ocean</location>
, −62.15, −40.642,
<quantity id="4C929B1B6677FFA5FAA9E26286FCFAC2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2674999999999996" metricValueMax="3.285" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="3267.5" valueMax="3285.0" valueMin="3250.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD6677FFA5FAA9E26286FCFAC2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2674999999999996" metricValueMax="3.285" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="3267.5" valueMax="3285.0" valueMin="3250.0">3250– 3285 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll. R/
<collectorName id="269F53286677FFA5FEACE207841CFAC2" box="[339,527,1375,1401]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6677FFA5FE92E20787ACFAC2" box="[365,447,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Eltanin</emphasis>
USAP
</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E6677FFA5FDE6E20784D4FAC2" box="[537,711,1375,1401]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1964-03-24">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9D66677FFA5FDE6E20784D4FAC2" box="[537,711,1375,1401]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1964-03-24">24 March 1964</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776677FFA5FD2DE20784F3FAC2" box="[722,736,1375,1401]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=2.6 r=1.3.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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