227 lines
26 KiB
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227 lines
26 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561777" ID-GBIF-Dataset="537947b6-ac91-43f9-9990-7c424660b3f1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162488065" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4561777" checkinTime="1584124410113" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hilton, Eric J. & Lavoué, Sébastien" docDate="2018" docId="03C3878DFFFDB319FF47FAF9243B4F08" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.16.3.e180031.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7EA6CBAC9B92AC526D6A0354C904CC04.2:NeotropIchthyol.2014-2015.journal_article" docStyleId="7EA6CBAC9B92AC526D6A0354C904CC04" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2014-2015.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Hiodontidae Valenciennes 1847" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFFAFFF5FFFEB31AFFE1FF8821214A21" masterDocTitle="A review of the systematic biology of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1643466504853" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the systematic biology of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hilton, Eric J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lavoué, Sébastien</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-10-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>35</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-20180031</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">537947b6-ac91-43f9-9990-7c424660b3f1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3709903</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561777" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162488065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4561777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3878DFFFDB319FF47FAF9243B4F08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3878DFFFDB319FF47FAF9243B4F08" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection box="[166,314,1393,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1393,1961]" box="[166,314,1393,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading box="[166,307,1393,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1847" box="[166,307,1393,1417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,307,1393,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodontidae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1393,1961]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1452,176,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1847" box="[325,457,1393,1417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hiodontidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[475,543,1393,1417]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,175,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[136,1459,174,1168]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Hiodontidae. a. Hiodon alosoides (VIMS 12099). b. †Hiodon falcatus, Eocene, Wyoming, USA (UMA F10651). Scale bars = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709909/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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), which is regarded as the living sister group of all other extant Osteoglossomorpha (
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<bibRefCitation author="Taverne" box="[228,388,1457,1481]" firstAuthor="Taverne" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref28048" refString="Taverne L. Osteologie, phylogenese et systematique des teleosteens fossiles et actuels du super ordre des Osteoglossomorphes. Troisieme partie. Evolution des structures osteologiques et conclusions generales relatives a la phylogenese et a la systematique du super ordre. Acad Roy Belg Mem Cl Sci. 1979; 43 (3): 1 - 168. (Collection 8, Serie 2)" type="journal article" year="1979">Taverne, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Li, Wilson" box="[404,606,1457,1481]" firstAuthor="Li" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref24452" refString="Li G-Q, Wilson MVH. Phylogeny of Osteoglossomorpha. In: Stiassny MLJ, Parenti LR, Johnson GD, editors. Interrelationships of fishes. New York: Academic Press; 1996 a. p. 163 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">Li, Wilson, 1996a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[621,764,1457,1481]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref22345" refString="Hilton EJ. Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha). Zool J Linn Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2003; 137 (1): 1 - 100. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2003.00032. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Hilton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang" box="[129,270,1489,1513]" firstAuthor="Zhang" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref29578" refString="Zhang J-Y. Phylogeny of Osteoglossomorpha. Vert PalAs. 2006; 44 (1): 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2006">Zhang, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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; Wilson Murray, 2008), with one or two genera (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[194,274,1521,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[194,274,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavender" authorityYear="1966" box="[348,452,1521,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Eohiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[348,452,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eohiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); the fossil taxa †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Li Guoqing" authorityYear="1987" box="[660,767,1521,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Yanbiania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[660,767,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Yanbiania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ma Fengchen" authorityYear="1983" box="[189,324,1553,1577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Actinopterygii (awaiting allocation)" genus="Jiaohichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinopterygii (awaiting allocation)" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[189,324,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Jiaohichthys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Early Cretaceous of
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<collectingCountry box="[657,721,1553,1577]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">China</collectingCountry>
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and †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang & Zhou" authorityYear="1976" box="[142,309,1585,1609]" class="Osteichthyes (awaiting allocation)" family="Osteichthyes (awaiting allocation)" genus="Plesiolycoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteichthyes (awaiting allocation)" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[142,309,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Plesiolycoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Mid Cretaceous of
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<collectingCountry box="[658,722,1585,1609]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">China</collectingCountry>
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are stem group Hiodontiformes.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[445,525,1617,1641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[445,525,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comprises two extant species (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[223,358,1649,1673]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alosoides">
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<emphasis box="[223,358,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. alosoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[414,531,1650,1673]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tergisus">
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<emphasis box="[414,531,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. tergisus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), both found exclusively in the freshwater rivers and lakes throughout much of North America east of the Rocky Mountains. These fishes have a generalized, laterally compressed body, with large eyes, a forked caudal fin, and a silvery body with cycloid scales (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[208,413,1809,1833]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="299 - 312" refId="ref22640" refString="Hilton EJ, Bemis WE, Grande L. Hiodontidae - Mooneyes. In: Burr B, Warren M, editors. North American freshwater fishes: evolution, ecology, and behavior, Volume 1. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2014. p. 299 - 312." type="book chapter" year="2014">
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Hilton
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<emphasis box="[286,341,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The parasphenoid and basihyal toothplate are armed with large, caniniform teeth that serve the so-called “parasphenoid-tongue bite apparatus” (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="372 - 81" refId="ref22281" refString="Hilton EJ. Tongue bite apparatus of osteoglossomorph fishes: Variation of a character complex. Copeia. 2001; 2001 (2): 372 - 81." type="journal article" year="2001">Hilton, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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). The osteology of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[397,477,1905,1929]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[397,477,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Taverne" firstAuthor="Taverne" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 235" refId="ref27917" refString="Taverne L. Osteologie, phylogenese et systematique des teleosteens fossiles et actuels du super-ordre des Osteoglossomorphes: Osteologie des genres Hiodon, Eohiodon, Lycoptera, Osteoglossum, Scleropages, Heterotis et Arapaima. Acad Roy Belg Mem Cl Sci Coll. 1977; 42 (3): 1 - 235. (Collection 8, Serie 2)." type="journal article" year="1977">Taverne (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[321,471,1937,1961]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref22310" refString="Hilton EJ. Osteology of the extant North American fishes of the genus Hiodon Lesueur 1818 (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha: Hiodontiformes). Fieldiana Zool. 2002; 100: 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="2002">Hilton (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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, with specific aspects of its skeleton described by others (
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<emphasis box="[1126,1158,177,200]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">e.g</emphasis>
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., caudal skeleton,
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<bibRefCitation author="Schultze, Arratia" firstAuthor="Schultze" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="257 - 303" refId="ref26858" refString="Schultze H-P; Arratia G. Reevaluation of the caudal skeleton of some actinopterygian fishes: II. Hiodon, Elops, and Albula. J Morphol [serial on the Internet]. 1988; 195 (3): 257 - 303. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1051950304" type="journal article" year="1988">Schultze, Arratia, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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) due in part to its overall plesiomorphic morphology, which has led to its use as a representative basal teleost in broad based systematic analyses (see discussion and references by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[1007,1147,304,329]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref22310" refString="Hilton EJ. Osteology of the extant North American fishes of the genus Hiodon Lesueur 1818 (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha: Hiodontiformes). Fieldiana Zool. 2002; 100: 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="2002">Hilton, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1452,176,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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The three species of †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavender" authorityYear="1966" box="[1092,1196,336,360]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Eohiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1092,1196,336,360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eohiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Early Eocene of western North America have been regarded as close relatives of the extant genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[1101,1181,400,424]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1101,1181,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Li" box="[1196,1365,400,425]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1109 - 24" refId="ref24614" refString="Li G-Q, Wilson MVH, Grande L. Review of Eohiodon (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha) from Western North America, with phylogenetic reassessment of Hiodontidae. J Paleontol [serial on the Internet]. 1997 a; 71 (6): 1109 - 24. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022336000036064" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="a">
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Li
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<emphasis box="[1229,1283,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1997a
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton, Grande" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="221 - 251" refId="ref22527" refString="Hilton EJ, Grande L. Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy. In: Cavin L, Longbottom A, Richter M, editors. Fishes and the Break-up of Pangea. London: Geological Society; 2008. p. 221 - 251. (Special Publications; 295)." type="journal article" year="2008">Hilton, Grande, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[977,1058,432,456]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,175,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[136,1459,174,1168]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Hiodontidae. a. Hiodon alosoides (VIMS 12099). b. †Hiodon falcatus, Eocene, Wyoming, USA (UMA F10651). Scale bars = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709909/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
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). Indeed, because of the absence of any synapomorphies distinguishing the species of †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavender" authorityYear="1966" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Eohiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eohiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from those of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[1015,1095,496,520]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1015,1095,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton, Grande" box="[1110,1351,496,521]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="221 - 251" refId="ref22527" refString="Hilton EJ, Grande L. Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy. In: Cavin L, Longbottom A, Richter M, editors. Fishes and the Break-up of Pangea. London: Geological Society; 2008. p. 221 - 251. (Special Publications; 295)." type="journal article" year="2008">Hilton, Grande (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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regarded it as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[1022,1102,528,552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1022,1102,528,552]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The two extant species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possess a post-pelvic bone, and this is considered a synapomorphy of the extant taxa (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[1157,1298,592,617]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref22345" refString="Hilton EJ. Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha). Zool J Linn Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2003; 137 (1): 1 - 100. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2003.00032. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Hilton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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), although the condition in most fossil taxa, including †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guo-Qing & Wilson" authorityYear="1994" box="[1270,1451,625,648]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="consteniorum">
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<emphasis box="[1270,1451,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. consteniorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the species of †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavender" authorityYear="1966" box="[1034,1138,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Eohiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1034,1138,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eohiodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is unknown (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[1297,1440,656,681]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref22345" refString="Hilton EJ. Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha). Zool J Linn Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2003; 137 (1): 1 - 100. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2003.00032. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Hilton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Murray" box="[813,1030,688,713]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Murray" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="322 - 32" refId="ref25525" refString="Murray AM, You HL, Peng C. A New Cretaceous osteoglossomorph fish from Gansu Province, China. J Vertebr Paleontol [serial on the Internet]. 2010; 30 (2): 322 - 32. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724631003621961" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Murray
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|
<emphasis box="[901,956,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 10) illustrated a fragmentary bone that they interpreted as a postpelvic bone in †
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schuleichthys brachypteryx</emphasis>
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, a species from the Early Cretaceous of
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<collectingCountry box="[1388,1452,752,776]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">China</collectingCountry>
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that was left as
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<emphasis box="[991,1141,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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|
at the base of Osteoglossomorpha. These authors suggested that the presence of a postpelvic bone in †
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|
<emphasis box="[993,1140,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schuleichthys</emphasis>
|
|
was a character of a broader group and therefore resurrected the genus †
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavender" authorityYear="1966" box="[1295,1399,880,904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Eohiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1295,1399,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eohiodon</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
(see also
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Murray" box="[865,1083,912,937]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Murray" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="907 - 44" refId="ref25579" refString="Murray AM, Zelenitsky DK, Brinkman DB, Neuman AG. Two new Palaeocene osteoglossomorphs from Canada, with a reassessment of the relationships of the genus Joffrichthys, and analysis of diversity from articulated versus microfossil material. Zool J Linn Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2018; 183 (4): 907 - 44. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 100" type="journal article" year="2018">
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|
Murray
|
|
<emphasis box="[954,1003,912,936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
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|
., 2018
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
). However, we find the published photograph documenting the postpelvic bone in †
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schuleichthys</emphasis>
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|
to be unconvincing, and maintain that until this element is clearly seen in taxa outside of the extant taxa, it should be considered to be a synapomorphy of these two extant taxa. Regardless, there has yet to be any synapomorphies identified that group the taxa previously included in the genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavender" authorityYear="1966" box="[826,930,1136,1160]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Eohiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis box="[826,930,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eohiodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
(
|
|
<emphasis box="[944,970,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">i.e</emphasis>
|
|
., all diagnostic characters cited for the genus, such as low vertebral and fin ray counts, are plesiomorphic, being similar to stem group Hiodontiformes and †
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Su, Huang & Chang" authorityYear="1963" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lycopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lycopteridae</taxonomicName>
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|
). We therefore support the interpretation that those taxa previously included in †
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavender" authorityYear="1966" box="[1131,1235,1264,1288]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Eohiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis box="[1131,1235,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eohiodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be regarded as stem group
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[967,1047,1296,1320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[967,1047,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hiodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hilton, Grande" box="[1061,1294,1296,1321]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="221 - 251" refId="ref22527" refString="Hilton EJ, Grande L. Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy. In: Cavin L, Longbottom A, Richter M, editors. Fishes and the Break-up of Pangea. London: Geological Society; 2008. p. 221 - 251. (Special Publications; 295)." type="journal article" year="2008">Hilton, Grande, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |