301 lines
36 KiB
XML
301 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="28CA18A8463654090898D0813AEC0652" ID-CLB-Dataset="50631" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ad9bd9e-c42b-4deb-86bf-3ad2ee1ad198" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172153" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459764892559" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="De Carvalho, C. J. B. & Pont, A. C." docDate="2006" docId="03A387CCDB1F2714FE8BA994B4B4E52E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01151p026.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1151" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Brachygasterina stuebeli Roder 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF9AFFB4DB152718FF83AD18B514E100" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of the South American genus Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698222227462" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0DE398AA9C8E9BDAEAB6692D3966C506">Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of the South American genus Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F5E2C5DCED285625E4A452D3DF385101">De Carvalho, C. J. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="216A1A1D511624F432589ED861858DD1">Pont, A. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4CF66234AE759AEE650965AD2C91F4AC">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A387CCDB1F2714FE8BA994B4B4E52E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262193" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119345782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262193" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387CCDB1F2714FE8BA994B4B4E52E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A387CCDB1F2714FE8BA994B4B4E52E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C3106551DB1F2712FE8BA994B687E5A6" box="[264,915,1164,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1F2712FE8BA994B687E5A6" blockId="10.[264,915,1164,1190]" box="[264,915,1164,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0FD81B6DB1F2712FE8BA994B687E5A6" bold="true" box="[264,915,1164,1190]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1F2712FE8BA994B687E5A6" bold="true" box="[264,915,1164,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB1F2712FE8BA994B7F0E5A6" ID-CoL="MW7K" authority="Roder, 1886" authorityName="Roder" authorityYear="1886" box="[264,740,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuebeli">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1F2712FE8BA994B721E5A6" bold="true" box="[264,565,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brachygasterina stuebeli</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1F2712FDC7A994B7C8E5A6" author="Roder" box="[580,732,1164,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="22" refString="Roder, V. von. (1886) Dipteren von den Cordilleren in Columbien. Gesammelt durch Herrn Alphons Stubel. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 47, 257 - 270. [Reprinted in 1892 as Dipteren gesammelt in den Jahren 1868 - 1877 auf eine Reise durch Sud-Amerika von Alphons Stubel. (Vermehrter und verbesserter Abdruck aus der Stettiner Entomologischen Zeitung 47. Jahrgang 1886, Berlin, pp. 257 - 270.) 16 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1886">Röder, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1F2712FD77A994B655E5A6" box="[756,833,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[295,1286,336,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[289,1383,325,1517]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Female head, frontal view. 1. Brachygasterina andina. 2. B. major. 3. B. stuebeli. 4. B. valdiviensis. 5. B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172154/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1F2712FCCDA994B64AE5A6" box="[846,862,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[326,1260,404,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1335,389,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Head, lateral view. 6. Female, Brachygasterina andina. 7. Female, B. major. 8. Female, B. stuebeli. 9. Female, B. valdiviensis. 10. Female, B. violaceiventris. 11. Male, B. major. 12. Male, B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172155/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1F2712FCEFA994B69EE5A6" box="[876,906,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[312,1263,947,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[301,1286,905,1401]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Female terminalia, ventral view. 15. Brachygasterina andina. 16. B. stuebeli. Abbreviation: spmt, spermathecae. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172157/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">16</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106551DB1F2712FE8BA9D7B4BEE4F8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1F2712FE8BA9D7B78DE5E5" blockId="10.[264,665,1230,1254]" box="[264,665,1230,1254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A11F4DB1F2712FE8BA9D7B78DE5E5" box="[264,665,1230,1254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB1F2712FE8BA9D7B781E5E5" ID-CoL="8CDPP" authority="Roder, 1886: 269" authorityName="Roder" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1886" box="[264,661,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Hydrotaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuebeli">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1F2712FE8BA9D7B4C7E5E6" box="[264,467,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hydrotaea stuebeli</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10CBDB1F2712FE5AA9D6B781E5E5" author="Roder" box="[473,661,1230,1253]" page="269" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1F2712FE5AA9D6B74BE5E5" author="Roder" box="[473,607,1230,1253]" pageId="10" pageNumber="22" refString="Roder, V. von. (1886) Dipteren von den Cordilleren in Columbien. Gesammelt durch Herrn Alphons Stubel. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 47, 257 - 270. [Reprinted in 1892 as Dipteren gesammelt in den Jahren 1868 - 1877 auf eine Reise durch Sud-Amerika von Alphons Stubel. (Vermehrter und verbesserter Abdruck aus der Stettiner Entomologischen Zeitung 47. Jahrgang 1886, Berlin, pp. 257 - 270.) 16 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1886">Röder, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 269
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1F2712FE8BA80FB723E4A9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<table id="F90AC47ADB1FD8E7FE8BA80FB038E4A9" box="[264,1324,1303,1449]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<tr id="353A3498DB1FD8E7FE8BA80FB038E430" box="[264,1324,1303,1328]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
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<th id="76EB5DE4DB1FD8E7FE8BA80FB778E430" box="[264,620,1303,1328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1F2712FE8BA80FB46BE430" box="[264,383,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="353A3498DB1FD8E7FE8BA827B038E459" box="[264,1324,1343,1369]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<th id="76EB5DE4DB1FD8E7FE8BA827B778E459" box="[264,620,1343,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">This species can be easily</th>
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<td id="76EB5DE4DB1FD8E7FDF7A827B6CBE459" box="[628,991,1343,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">distinguished by the very long</td>
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<td id="76EB5DE4DB1FD8E7FC64A827B038E459" box="[999,1324,1343,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">and dense hairs on the eye,</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="353A3498DB1FD8E7FE8BA87FB038E481" box="[264,1324,1383,1409]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<th id="76EB5DE4DB1FD8E7FE8BA87FB778E481" box="[264,620,1383,1409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">by the setulae on facial ridges</th>
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<td id="76EB5DE4DB1FD8E7FDF7A87FB6CBE481" box="[628,991,1383,1409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">reaching almost to the level of</td>
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<td id="76EB5DE4DB1FD8E7FC64A87FB038E481" box="[999,1324,1383,1409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">aristal insertion, and by the</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="353A3498DB1FD8E7FE8BA897B038E4A9" box="[264,1324,1423,1449]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
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<th id="76EB5DE4DB1FD8E7FE8BA897B778E4A9" box="[264,620,1423,1449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">slightly upcurved vein M.</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1F2712FE8BA8C7B4BEE4F8" blockId="10.[264,1323,1503,1889]" box="[264,426,1503,1528]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1F2712FE8BA8C7B4BEE4F8" box="[264,426,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Redescription</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106551DB1F2713FEBBAB1FB72CE509" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1F2712FEBBAB1FB717E639" blockId="10.[264,1323,1503,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Female. Head: frons broad, at narrowest point 0.34–0.36 of head width (
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<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1F2712FB18AB1FB1F0E721" box="[1179,1252,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[295,1286,336,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[289,1383,325,1517]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Female head, frontal view. 1. Brachygasterina andina. 2. B. major. 3. B. stuebeli. 4. B. valdiviensis. 5. B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172154/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Eye with long and dense hairs (
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<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1F2712FDCFAB37B780E749" box="[588,660,1583,1609]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[326,1260,404,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1335,389,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Head, lateral view. 6. Female, Brachygasterina andina. 7. Female, B. major. 8. Female, B. stuebeli. 9. Female, B. valdiviensis. 10. Female, B. violaceiventris. 11. Male, B. major. 12. Male, B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172155/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); when the head is viewed from the front, the hairs are about as long as width of frontoorbital plate (
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<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1F2712FCAFAB4FB660E771" box="[812,884,1623,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[295,1286,336,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[289,1383,325,1517]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Female head, frontal view. 1. Brachygasterina andina. 2. B. major. 3. B. stuebeli. 4. B. valdiviensis. 5. B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172154/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Frontoorbital plate matt, blackish; parafacial, face and gena brownishgrey pruinose; occiput metallic blue to violet. 7–8 pairs of frontal setae; 1 strong and 1–2 weak reclinate orbital setae. Facial ridge with setulae reaching almost to level of aristal insertion. Parafacial and gena broad, in lateral view the former at least 0.5 of first flagellomere width (
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<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1F2712FCB8ABEFB690E611" box="[827,900,1783,1809]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[326,1260,404,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1335,389,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Head, lateral view. 6. Female, Brachygasterina andina. 7. Female, B. major. 8. Female, B. stuebeli. 9. Female, B. valdiviensis. 10. Female, B. violaceiventris. 11. Male, B. major. 12. Male, B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172155/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). Proboscis mainly shining, dusted behind. Palpus black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1F2713FEBBAA5FB4F6E326" blockId="10.[264,1323,1503,1889]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1326,284,1033]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Thorax. Groundcolour subshining dark metallic violetblue, dulled by pruinescence in posterior view. Mesonotum with 2 stripes (very indistinct in
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<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FC74AC04B17CE036" box="[1015,1128,284,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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). 2+3 developed acrostichals (3+
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<quantity id="4CF29B3FDB1E2713FE46AC5CB4E0E05E" box="[453,500,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
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<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FE7DAC5CB77BE05E" box="[510,623,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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); 2 strong posterior intraalar, first weaker; prealar strong, subequal to anterior notopleural seta; notopleuron with dense setulae, mostly around second notopleural seta. Scutellum laterally setulose; with strong apical, basal and lateral setae, and corresponding setae on disc. One strong proepisternal seta and 3–4 hairs; 2 strong proepimeral setae and many long hairs. Katepisternals 2+3. Meron bare. Katatergite distinctly setulose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FEBBAF2CB101E3EE" blockId="11.[264,1326,284,1033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Legs. Dark brown. Fore tibia without posterior seta. Mid femur with 2 short anterior and 4 posterior preapical setae. Mid tibia with 3 posterior setae, without anterodorsal or ventrals.
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<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1E2713FEFCAF9CB4AEE39E" box="[383,442,644,670]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femur with a row of strong anteroventral setae, and with strong posteroventrals in basal half; 2–3 anterodorsal and 3 anteroventral setae; dorsal preapical strong, anterodorsal preapical weak, without posteroventral apical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FEBBAFE4B671E269" blockId="11.[264,1326,284,1033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Wing. Smoky, veins dark brown. Veins bare, except costa. Crossvein dmcu very sinuous. Vein M slightly upcurved towards R4+5. Calypters dark brown, lower one slightly longer than upper one. Knob of haltere dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FEBBAE6FB1EFE291" blockId="11.[264,1326,284,1033]" box="[312,1275,887,913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Abdomen. Subshining metallic blueviolet, matt in posterior view. Sternite 1 bare.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FEBBAE87B758E2B9" blockId="11.[264,1326,284,1033]" box="[312,588,927,953]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Ovipositor: see
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<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1E2713FE72AE87B753E2B9" box="[497,583,927,953]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[312,1263,947,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[301,1286,905,1401]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Female terminalia, ventral view. 15. Brachygasterina andina. 16. B. stuebeli. Abbreviation: spmt, spermathecae. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172157/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FEBBAEDFB72CE509" blockId="11.[264,1326,284,1033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Measurements (n=2): Body length, 8.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B3FDB1E2713FC8DAEDFB67FE2E1" box="[782,875,967,993]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wing length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B3FDB1E2713FB97AEDFB1B2E2E1" box="[1044,1190,967,993]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="8.05" valueMax="8.3" valueMin="7.8">7.8–8.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FB33AEDFB03EE2E1" box="[1200,1322,967,993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: body
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B3FDB1E2713FEC9AEF7B48BE509" box="[330,415,1007,1033]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B3FDB1E2713FE6FAEF7B727E509" box="[492,563,1007,1033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3106551DB1E2713FE8BA927B4D3E4C1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FE8BA927B735E558" blockId="11.[264,1323,1087,1473]" box="[264,545,1087,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1E2713FE8BA927B735E558" box="[264,545,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FE8BA927B42BE558" box="[264,319,1087,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FEBBA97FB1E0E449" blockId="11.[264,1323,1087,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FEBBA97FB4A4E581" box="[312,432,1127,1153]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, female (see notes on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FD6DA97FB634E581" box="[750,800,1127,1153]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality below), in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE1FDB1E2713FBB7A97FB19AE581" box="[1076,1166,1127,1153]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pvva-bewi" name="Martin Luther Universitaet" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MLUH</collectionCode>
|
||
, by present designation and labelled accordingly; it is the only surviving
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FBB7A997B187E5A9" box="[1076,1171,1167,1193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Old white handwritten label: “Paramo / 3600 Met. /
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1E2713FD7AA9AFB664E5D1" box="[761,880,1207,1233]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
” [the “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1E2713FC41A9AFB12FE5D1" box="[962,1083,1207,1233]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
” in a different hand from the rest, and neither in Von Röder’s handwriting]; Von Röder’s handwritten white label: “Hydrotae / a / Stübeli / n. sp.”. Labelled (printed) by ACP: “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FBAAA81FB1C0E421" box="[1065,1236,1287,1313]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
female /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB1E2713FE94A837B485E449" box="[279,401,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Hydrotaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrotaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB1E2713FE2BA837B717E449" box="[424,515,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Hydrotaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuebeli">stuebeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1E2713FDD3A837B7F4E449" author="Roder" box="[592,736,1327,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Roder, V. von. (1886) Dipteren von den Cordilleren in Columbien. Gesammelt durch Herrn Alphons Stubel. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 47, 257 - 270. [Reprinted in 1892 as Dipteren gesammelt in den Jahren 1868 - 1877 auf eine Reise durch Sud-Amerika von Alphons Stubel. (Vermehrter und verbesserter Abdruck aus der Stettiner Entomologischen Zeitung 47. Jahrgang 1886, Berlin, pp. 257 - 270.) 16 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1886">Röder, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ des.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1E2713FCAFA837B6F8E449" author="Pont" box="[812,1004,1327,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Pont, A. C. (2004) Notes on Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) in the von Roder collection, Martin- Luther-University, Halle-an-der-Saale. Studia dipterologica, 11, 327 - 332." type="journal article" year="2004">A. C. Pont 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
” (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1E2713FBE8A837B1FCE449" author="Pont" box="[1131,1256,1327,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Pont, A. C. (2004) Notes on Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) in the von Roder collection, Martin- Luther-University, Halle-an-der-Saale. Studia dipterologica, 11, 327 - 332." type="journal article" year="2004">Pont 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FEBBA84FB4D3E4C1" blockId="11.[264,1323,1087,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Other material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1E2713FDECA84FB615E471" box="[623,769,1367,1393]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Pichincha,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B3FDB1E2713FC11A84FB6C9E471" box="[914,989,1367,1393]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
Tandopi,
|
||
<date id="FFB4101ADB1E2713FBD4A84FB014E471" box="[1111,1280,1367,1393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1975-06-24" valueMax="1975-06-29" valueMin="1975-06-24">24–29.vi.1975</date>
|
||
(S. Peck),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD53DB1E2713FED9A867B4D4E499" box="[346,448,1407,1433]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE1FDB1E2713FE53A867B738E499" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[464,556,1407,1433]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); Napo,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF29B3FDB1E2713FD0CA867B7CEE499" box="[655,730,1407,1433]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="42.0">42 km</quantity>
|
||
NW Baeza, 3300’ [feet],
|
||
<date id="FFB4101ADB1E2713FB88A867B18DE499" box="[1035,1177,1407,1433]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1976-03-02" valueMax="1976-03-06" valueMin="1976-03-02">2–6.iii.1976</date>
|
||
(S. Peck),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD53DB1E2713FA9FA867B44CE4C1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE1FDB1E2713FEE4A8BFB4AEE4C1" box="[359,442,1447,1473]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3106551DB1E2714FE8BA8EFB4B4E52E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FE8BA8EFB47AE710" blockId="11.[264,1324,1527,1873]" box="[264,366,1527,1552]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1E2713FE8BA8EFB47AE710" box="[264,366,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2713FEBBAB07B1D2E789" blockId="11.[264,1324,1527,1873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The body of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1E2713FD82AB07B778E739" box="[513,620,1567,1593]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is rather dirty and right fore leg is missing, otherwise it is well preserved. According to the labels, the other specimens were collected in carrion traps and on bamboo shrubs between 1100 and 3600 metres, the latter on páramo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1E2714FEBBAB8FB6EAE34E" blockId="11.[264,1324,1527,1873]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1325,284,950]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Notes on the typelocality: The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB1E2713FD2AAB8FB615E7B1" box="[681,769,1687,1713]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected by Alphons Stübel, one of greatest of the early collectors in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1E2713FDEEABA7B7C1E7D9" box="[621,725,1727,1753]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, were identified and published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1E2713FB01ABA7B033E7D9" author="Roder" box="[1154,1319,1727,1753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Roder, V. von. (1886) Dipteren von den Cordilleren in Columbien. Gesammelt durch Herrn Alphons Stubel. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 47, 257 - 270. [Reprinted in 1892 as Dipteren gesammelt in den Jahren 1868 - 1877 auf eine Reise durch Sud-Amerika von Alphons Stubel. (Vermehrter und verbesserter Abdruck aus der Stettiner Entomologischen Zeitung 47. Jahrgang 1886, Berlin, pp. 257 - 270.) 16 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1886">Röder (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Stübel spent nine years in this region after arriving in Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1E2713FC49ABFFB107E601" box="[970,1043,1767,1793]" name="Malta" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1E2713FB9CABFFB182E601" box="[1055,1174,1767,1793]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in 1868. He subsequently visited several other countries, mainly studying geology and especially vulcanology but also collecting flies (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1E2713FC8EAA2FB6D2E651" author="Papavero" box="[781,966,1847,1873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the history of Neotropical Dipterology; with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. II. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo." type="book chapter" year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Compared with the present time,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FED2AC04B4D1E036" box="[337,453,284,310]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
was a very different country when Stübel collected the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB192714FA92AC04B477E05D" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Hydrotaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuebeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB192714FA92AC04B477E05D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. stuebeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at an altitude of 3600 metres, embracing the whole northwest part of the South American continent. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB192714FDC9AC74B7A1E086" box="[586,693,364,390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
label mentions Páramo in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FB90AC74B193E086" box="[1043,1159,364,390]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
as the typelocality. However, “Páramo” is a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB192714FD19AC8CB7D9E0AE" box="[666,717,404,430]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of vegetation, subdivided into subpáramo, páramo and super páramo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB192714FE72ACA4B7B6E0D6" author="Hammer" box="[497,674,444,470]" pageId="12" pageNumber="21" refString="Hammer, T. van der (1974) The Pleistocene changes of vegetation and climate in tropical South America. Journal of Biogeography, 1, 3 - 26." type="journal article" year="1974">Hammer 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is characteristic of the South American tropical highlands, being found above 3000 metres in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FC3DACFCB6E3E0FE" box="[958,1015,484,510]" name="Peru" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FB8AACFCB179E0FE" box="[1033,1133,484,510]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FBFCACFCB1E7E0FE" box="[1151,1267,484,510]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FE8BAF14B490E326" box="[264,388,524,550]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It seems probable that the “Páramo” of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB192714FC4EAF14B12CE326" box="[973,1080,524,550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
label refers to the vegetation
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB192714FE0AAF2CB4A8E34E" box="[393,444,564,590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and is not the name of town or city in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FC01AF2CB6EEE34E" box="[898,1018,564,590]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB192714FEBBAF44B626E2B6" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB192714FE5AAF44B7CFE376" author="Papavero" box="[473,731,604,630]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the history of Neotropical Dipterology; with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. II. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo." type="book chapter" year="1973">Papavero (1973: 310)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Stübel made an excursion to Quito (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FB0FAF44B1E5E376" box="[1164,1265,604,630]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and its neighbourhood from
|
||
<date id="FFB4101ADB192714FDA5AF9CB612E39E" box="[550,774,644,670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1871-04" valueMax="1871-06-31" valueMin="1871-04-00">April to June 1871</date>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<date id="FFB4101ADB192714FCE0AF9CB68EE39E" box="[867,922,644,670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1873-05">May</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB4101ADB192714FC24AF9CB6F4E39E" box="[935,992,644,670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1873-06">June</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB4101ADB192714FC6FAF9CB039E39E" box="[1004,1325,644,670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1873-10" valueMax="1873-12-31" valueMin="1873-10-00">October to December 1873</date>
|
||
to several localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FD96AFB4B76DE3C6" box="[533,633,684,710]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including Páramo de Calacali at 3600 metres. This is the only locality where “Páramo at 3600 metres” is clearly stated (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB192714FBE0AFCCB009E3EE" author="Papavero" box="[1123,1309,724,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the history of Neotropical Dipterology; with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. II. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo." type="book chapter" year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although there were other localities at or above 3600 metres during this entire journey. It is difficult, if not impossible, to establish the typelocality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB192714FC4FAE3CB15DE23D" box="[972,1097,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Hydrotaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuebeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB192714FC4FAE3CB15DE23D" box="[972,1097,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. stuebeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with certainty, but on the basis of Stübel’s 1873 itinerary we propose to fix Páramo de Calacali in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FB2BAE54B01EE266" box="[1192,1290,844,870]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
as the typelocality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB192714FE77AE6CB766E28D" box="[500,626,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Hydrotaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuebeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB192714FE77AE6CB766E28D" box="[500,626,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. stuebeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(map,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB192714FD4BAE6CB635E28E" box="[712,801,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="18.[264,368,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[377,1213,399,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[377,1214,399,1405]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 19. Geographic distribution of the sister groups Brachygasterina and Palpibracus, with selected cladogram superimposed. Symbols: () B. andina, () B. major Malloch, (Π) B. stuebeli (Röder), () B. valdiviensis (Pamplona & Couri), (o) B. violaceiventris Macquart. Only species of Brachygasterina are shown. Brachygasterina fulvohumeralis was not included on the map. The stippled area shows the range of species of Brachygasterina and Palpibracus in Chile and Argentina. See text for explanation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172160/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FB9BAE6CB16EE28E" box="[1048,1146,884,910]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB192714FB2EAE6CB03FE28D" box="[1197,1323,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Hydrotaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuebeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB192714FB2EAE6CB03FE28D" box="[1197,1323,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. stuebeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to us (see the material listed above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB192714FE8BAEF4B730E505" blockId="12.[264,548,1004,1070]" box="[264,548,1004,1029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB192714FE8BAEF4B730E505" box="[264,548,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB192714FEBBA90CB4B4E52E" blockId="12.[264,548,1004,1070]" box="[312,416,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB192714FEBBA90CB488E52E" box="[312,412,1044,1070]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |