348 lines
32 KiB
XML
348 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E64DB6C8EA004AA39E303948D32F3DDF">Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E95483CC396B0D69B9E43B0CDAD8174C">Skelley, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="981DA73D77340BF114BADBD62C0ACFC6">Xu, Guang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0E04D9201B6D01C9E0BBF31CDB68850">Tang, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="354FB43365E5BAF5E001D3AFFB18CB73">Lindström, Anders J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BEC7CEC43BD1B40984EBC2CE065A9846">Marler, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2CCED81F5EAF9EB7586F48041091F6C1">Singh, Rita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0DB71F451B3A610067055511B3461303">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2FADAA21E00D99D28DF66A44CC2E1A57">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A38781FFC1FFA7FF70FAB4FE2AC7B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5999212" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130809512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5999212" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC1FFA7FF70FAB4FE2AC7B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A38781FFC1FFA7FF70FAB4FE2AC7B1" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC1FFA8FF70FAB4FCC2C343" box="[151,791,1375,1402]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC1FFA8FF70FAB4FCC2C343" blockId="39.[151,791,1375,1402]" box="[151,791,1375,1402]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0FD81FBFFC1FFA8FF70FAB4FCC2C343" bold="true" box="[151,791,1375,1402]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FF70FAB4FCC2C343" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" box="[151,791,1375,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis" subGenus="Cycadophila">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF70FAB4FCC2C343" bold="true" box="[151,791,1375,1402]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF70FAB4FEFAC340" bold="true" box="[151,303,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FED8FAB4FE03C340" bold="true" box="[319,470,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FE0FFAB4FD54C340" bold="true" box="[488,641,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">yunnanensis</emphasis>
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||
(Grouvelle)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC1FFA8FF70FA4DFB90C3C3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC1FFA8FF70FA4DFEE1C3E2" blockId="39.[151,1435,1446,1530]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A11B9FFC1FFA8FF70FA4DFEE1C3E2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FF70FA4DFDAFC385" authority="Grouvelle 1916: 61" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,634,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
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<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF70FA4DFE7EC384" box="[151,427,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pharaxonotha yunnanensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC1FFA8FE55FA4DFDAFC385" author="Grouvelle" box="[434,634,1446,1468]" page="61" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FE55FA4DFD81C385" author="Grouvelle" box="[434,596,1446,1468]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Grouvelle, A. (1916) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de Cryptophagidae. Memoires Entomologiques. Etudes sur les Coleopteres, 1, 30 - 79." type="journal article" year="1916">Grouvelle 1916</bibRefCitation>
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: 61
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC1FFA8FD61FA4DFC8EC385" author="Schenkling" box="[646,859,1446,1468]" page="15" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FD61FA4DFCE0C385" author="Schenkling" box="[646,821,1446,1468]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Schenkling, S. (1923) Cryptophagidae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 76, pp. 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1923">Schenkling 1923</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 15
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC1FFA8FC81FA4DFBCDC385" author="Mader" box="[870,1048,1446,1468]" page="721" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FC81FA4DFC31C385" author="Mader" box="[870,996,1446,1468]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Mader, L. (1926) Clavicornia, Cryptophagidae. In: Winkler, A. (Ed.), Catalogus Coleopterorum regionis palaearcticae, Pars 6, pp. 720 - 730." type="journal article" year="1926">Mader 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 721
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC1FFA8FBC5FA4DFB22C385" author="Schenkling" box="[1058,1271,1446,1468]" page="31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FBC5FA4DFB04C385" author="Schenkling" box="[1058,1233,1446,1468]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Schenkling, S. (1928) Languriidae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 100, 40 pp." type="book" year="1928">Schenkling 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC1FFA8FAE5FA4DFEE5C3E2" author="Wegrzynowicz" page="536" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FAE5FA4DFF28C3E2" author="Wegrzynowicz" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Wegrzynowicz, P. (2007) Family Erotylidae Latreille, 1802. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Folume 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 531 - 546." type="journal article" year="2007">Węgrzynowicz 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 536
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC1FFA8FF70FA0FFB90C3C3" blockId="39.[151,1435,1446,1530]" box="[151,1093,1508,1530]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A11B9FFC1FFA8FF70FA0FFB90C3C3" box="[151,1093,1508,1530]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FF70FA0FFDCEC3C3" authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" box="[151,539,1508,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF70FA0FFE4EC3C3" box="[151,411,1508,1530]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cycadophila yunnanensis</emphasis>
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||
(Grouvelle)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAB1086FFC1FFA8FDC2FA0EFD08C3C3" author="Xu" box="[549,733,1508,1530]" page="20" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2015">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FDC2FA0EFD6CC3C3" author="Xu" box="[549,697,1508,1530]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article" year="2015">
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||
Xu
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||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FDACFA0EFDA2C3C3" box="[587,631,1508,1530]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–23, 25–26 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC1FFA8FCBBFA0FFC6FC3C3" box="[860,954,1508,1530]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC1FFA8FF70F9CDFBA0C092" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC1FFA8FF70F9CDFBA0C092" blockId="39.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF70F9CDFE8CC006" bold="true" box="[151,345,1574,1599]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Adult diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FDE5F9CDFCEEC006" box="[514,827,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FDE5F9CDFD44C006" box="[514,657,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FD44F9CDFCE7C006" box="[675,818,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FCA4F9CDFCA8C006" box="[835,893,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">nigra</taxonomicName>
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||
species group as discussed above distinguished from related species by its smaller body with or without color pattern, weakly depressed submental-gular region, distinct supraocular stria less than 1/3 length of the eye, and male with small rounded swelling at the middle of the inner mesotibial margin. A full description and images are presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FC5DF978FBA5C092" box="[954,1136,1682,1707]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FC03F97FFBC0C092" box="[996,1045,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC1FFA8FF20F95DFB6CC19E" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC1FFA8FF20F95DFDCFC0F6" blockId="39.[151,1437,1574,2031]" box="[199,538,1718,1743]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC1FFA8FF20F95DFDCFC0F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684987" box="[199,538,1718,1743]" country="China" location="Yunnan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF20F95DFEB0C0F6" bold="true" box="[199,357,1718,1743]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC1FFA8FF20F95DFED7C0F6" box="[199,258,1718,1743]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC1FFA8FE8BF95CFE10C0F7" box="[364,453,1719,1742]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC1FFA8FE28F95DFDC3C0F6" box="[463,534,1718,1743]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC1FFA8FF20F931FB1BC0CB" blockId="39.[151,1437,1574,2031]" box="[199,1230,1754,1779]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC1FFA8FF20F931FCB9C0CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684980" box="[199,876,1754,1779]" country="China" location="Guangxi" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF20F931FECFC0CA" bold="true" box="[199,282,1754,1779]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC1FFA8FE5FF931FDCCC0CA" box="[440,537,1754,1779]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC1FFA8FDA8F930FD71C0CB" box="[591,676,1755,1778]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC1FFA8FCC1F931FCB9C0CA" box="[806,876,1754,1779]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC1FFA8FC90F931FB1FC0CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684992" box="[887,1226,1754,1779]" country="India" location="Manipur" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manipur">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC1FFA8FC90F931FC02C0CA" box="[887,983,1754,1779]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC1FFA8FBC7F931FB8FC0CA" box="[1056,1114,1754,1779]" name="India" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC1FFA8FB77F930FB1FC0CB" box="[1168,1226,1755,1778]" name="Laos" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC1FFA8FF20F915FB6CC19E" blockId="39.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC1FFA8FF20F915FC09C166" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684993" collectingDate="1996-05-10" collectorName="W. Tang" country="China" county="Material" latitude="22.166666" location="Others" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="110.833336" municipality="Xu" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF20F915FDE2C12E" bold="true" box="[199,567,1790,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D44E1BFFC1FFA8FF20F915FEFAC12E" box="[199,303,1790,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material</collectingCounty>
|
||
examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC1FFA8FE26F915FDE2C12E" box="[449,567,1790,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD1EFFC1FFA8FDAEF915FCC7C12E" box="[585,786,1790,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic" typeStatus="paralectotypes">
|
||
5
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FD83F915FCC7C12E" bold="true" box="[612,786,1790,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">paralectotypes</emphasis>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
and other specimens as discussed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FB33F914FA4DC12E" box="[1236,1432,1790,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD1ACEDFFC1FFA8FB33F914FB23C12F" box="[1236,1270,1791,1814]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Xu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FAE5F914FAEDC12E" box="[1282,1336,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF70F8C9FEB6C102" bold="true" box="[151,355,1826,1851]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<location id="8ED5604CFFC1FFA8FF70F8C9FF3FC102" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC1FFA7FF70FAB4FE2AC7B1:8ED5604CFFC1FFA8FF70F8C9FF3FC102" box="[151,234,1826,1851]" country="China" county="Material" latitude="22.166666" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="110.833336" municipality="Xu" name="Others" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Others</location>
|
||
examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FE95F8C9FD79C102" bold="true" box="[370,684,1826,1851]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC1FFA8FE95F8C9FE04C102" box="[370,465,1826,1851]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC1FFA8FE39F8C9FD79C102" box="[478,684,1826,1851]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED5604CFFC1FFA8FD5DF8C9FC58C103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC1FFA7FF70FAB4FE2AC7B1:8ED5604CFFC1FFA8FD5DF8C9FC58C103" box="[698,909,1826,1851]" country="China" county="Material" latitude="22.166666" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="110.833336" municipality="Xu" name="Guanping Reserve" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Guanping Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC1FFA8FC7FF8C8FC21C102" box="[920,1012,1827,1851]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="22.166666">22°10'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC1FFA8FBE7F8C9FBB3C102" box="[1024,1126,1826,1851]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="110.833336">110°50'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB41057FFC1FFA8FB95F8C8FADEC102" box="[1138,1291,1826,1851]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1996-05-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9BFFFC1FFA8FB95F8C8FADEC102" box="[1138,1291,1826,1851]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1996-05-10">10 May 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC1FFA8FAF1F8C8FAA3C102" box="[1302,1398,1827,1851]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">W. Tang</collectorName>
|
||
, ex spent
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD1EFFC1FFA8FF3EF8ACFF3BC167" box="[217,238,1863,1886]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
strobilus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FE9DF8ACFD84C166" box="[378,593,1862,1887]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichopylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FE9DF8ACFD84C166" box="[378,593,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cycas dolichopylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FD86F8ACFD70C167" box="[609,677,1863,1886]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FD86F8ACFD70C167" box="[609,677,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cycas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FD34F8ADFC98C166" box="[723,845,1862,1887]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="collina">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FD18F8ADFC98C166" box="[767,845,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">collina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], WT 44 (4)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC1FFA8FC0EF8ADFB60C19E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684985" collectingDate="2015-04-07" collectionCode="ANIC, FSCA" collectorName="N. T. Hiep & L. Averyanov & N. S. Khang & N. Q. Hieu & T. Maisak & Somneux & These" country="Laos" latitude="20.394722" location="Vieng Xai" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="104.22889" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Houphan Province" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FC0EF8ADFAF6C166" bold="true" box="[1001,1315,1862,1887]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC1FFA8FC0EF8ADFBE2C166" box="[1001,1079,1862,1887]" name="Laos" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">LAOS</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC1FFA8FBA4F8ADFAF6C166" box="[1091,1315,1862,1887]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Houphan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Viengxay Ds.,
|
||
<location id="8ED5604CFFC1FFA8FF59F881FEE3C1BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC1FFA7FF70FAB4FE2AC7B1:8ED5604CFFC1FFA8FF59F881FEE3C1BA" box="[190,310,1898,1923]" country="Laos" latitude="20.394722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="104.22889" name="Vieng Xai" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Houphan Province">Vieng Xai</location>
|
||
vill.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC1FFA8FE9EF881FDD3C1BB" box="[377,518,1898,1923]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="15" value="20.394722">20°23′41″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5050FFC1FFA8FDF6F881FD7DC1BB" box="[529,680,1898,1923]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="15" value="104.22889">104°13′44″ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB41057FFC1FFA8FD52F881FCFEC1BA" box="[693,811,1898,1923]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2015-04-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9BFFFC1FFA8FD52F881FCFEC1BA" box="[693,811,1898,1923]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2015-04-07">7-IV-2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC1FFA8FCD0F880FC65C1BA" box="[823,944,1898,1923]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. T. Hiep</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC1FFA8FC5BF880FB83C1BA" box="[956,1110,1899,1923]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. Averyanov</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC1FFA8FB85F880FB25C1BA" box="[1122,1264,1898,1923]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. S. Khang</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC1FFA8FB1BF880FAAFC1BA" box="[1276,1402,1898,1923]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. Q. Hieu</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC1FFA8FA61F880FF38C19E" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">T. Maisak</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC1FFA8FF10F864FEB4C19E" box="[247,353,1935,1959]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Somneux</collectorName>
|
||
(7).
|
||
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC1FFA8FE70F865FE0FC19E" box="[407,474,1934,1959]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">These</collectorName>
|
||
additional materials examined are deposited at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE52FFC1FFA8FC17F864FBE1C19E" box="[1008,1076,1935,1959]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE52FFC1FFA8FB8CF864FB60C19E" box="[1131,1205,1935,1959]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC1FFA7FF20F859FE2AC7B1" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC1FFA7FF20F859FE2AC7B1" blockId="39.[151,1437,1574,2031]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FF20F859FEEEC1F2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1970,1995]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFC1FFA8FEA5F858FE20C1F2" box="[322,501,1970,1995]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FE8CF85FFE4EC1F2" box="[363,411,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
detected large numbers of adults of this species in male cones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC1FFA8FB33F858FA49C1F2" box="[1236,1436,1970,1995]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC1FFA8FB33F858FA49C1F2" box="[1236,1436,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cycas debaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that had finished shedding their pollen. However, no larvae of the species was detected, suggesting that this species is an opportunistic visitor that does not reproduce in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFCEFFA7FCA0FF73FC5EC696" box="[839,907,152,175]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFCEFFA7FCA0FF73FC5EC696" box="[839,907,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cycas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cones and that it may feed and reproduce in alternative hosts. DNA analysis of the 16S rRNA gene suggests a complex of three cryptic species (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFCEFFA7FAAFFF57FA5EC6ED" box="[1352,1419,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1875,1897]" captionTargetBox="[220,1315,214,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1360,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood analysis of 16 S rRNA gene sequences of four species of New World Pharaxonotha and ten species of Asian Cycadophila. Scale bar indicates base pair substitutions per nucleotide position; numbers on the branches of the trees are bootstrap values." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575642/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three color morphs can be discerned, but none are confined to any of the three haplotypes detected. Unfortunately, our morphological analyses have not yielded any other characters to support that more than one species is present. For now,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFCEFFA7FEE5FEC3FE78C779" box="[258,429,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFCEFFA7FEE5FEC3FE78C779" box="[258,429,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be a variably colored species occurring in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFCEFFA7FB48FECCFB21C779" box="[1199,1268,295,320]" name="China" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFCEFFA7FA81FEC3FA49C706" box="[1382,1436,296,319]" name="Laos" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFCEFFA7FEA4FEA7FEA8C75C" box="[323,381,332,357]" name="India" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
that needs more detailed work. See Remarks under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFCEFFA7FBE2FEA6FBA0C75D" box="[1029,1141,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFCEFFA7FBE2FEA6FBA0C75D" box="[1029,1141,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFCEFFA7FA65FEA6FE2EC7B1" authority="in Xu et al. (2015)" authorityName="in Xu et al." authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFCEFFA7FA65FEA6FEF7C7B1" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B66FFCEFFA7FEA2FE9BFE2EC7B1" box="[325,507,367,392]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Xu, G., Tang, W., Skelley, P., Liu, N., & Rich, S. (2015) Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 3986 (3), 251 - 278." type="journal article">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFCEFFA7FE89FE9AFE4AC7B1" box="[366,415,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |