treatments-xml/data/03/A2/52/03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A.xml

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<mods:title id="D4687DAF19C87385FE23F9BD1F83B5AE">Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1F23DA0E26E64F36696601467CFBA33">Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FAF4A377D8B3F707544860FBB0BE974E">Kipping, Jens</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B9A78017A29FA8D77B36CD02FC67CD04">Mézière, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BB3DAEC13FC94F707898A87ED7C649FB">Odonatologica</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640242" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114923397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640242" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03A25264-CA71-FF81-EEF3-FE87423BFE3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">
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<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA71FF82EEF3FE87421BFE1D" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">
<heading id="D0FC541ECA71FF82EEF3FE87421BFE1D" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EEF3FE8742DFFE36" bold="true" box="[209,986,361,389]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EEF3FE87433FFE37" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03A25264-CA71-FF81-EEF3-FE87423BFE3A" authority="Dijkstra" authorityName="Dijkstra" box="[209,570,361,389]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EEF3FE8740D2FE36" bold="true" box="[209,471,361,389]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Gynacantha pupillata</emphasis>
Dijkstra
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C821BCA71FF82EC63FE87439BFE36" box="[577,670,362,388]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
– Spectacled Duskhawker
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54B05DD0CA71FF82EFB1FE7940CBFE1D" box="[403,462,404,431]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Type</typeStatus>
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA71FF82EFF6FE794341FE1D" box="[468,580,404,431]" captionStart="Photo 26" captionStartId="73.[781,846,1117,1141]" captionText="Photo 26. Mosaic of grassland and gallery forest on the sandy Batéké Plateau in Gabon. This landscape holds a unique fauna with Elattoneura aurifex, Ceriagrion obfuscans, Pseudagrion aureolum, Phyllogomphus bongorum, Malgassophlebia andzaba, Urothemis venata and Zygonyx dionyx described here. Photo: NM (05 - ii- 2011)" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Photo 26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA71FF82EC6CFE7943B8FE1D" box="[590,701,404,431]" captionStart="Photo 40" captionStartId="102.[159,225,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[271,923,906,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[271,923,906,1341]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="Photo 40. The lead-author Klaas-Douwe B. Dijkstra during the Congo River expedition that led to the discovery of Aciagrion bapepe, Ceriagrion obfuscans, Notogomphus bosumbuli and the male of Gynacantha pupillata, as well as confirmation that Gynacantha congolica collected along the same river in 1899 represents our ‘ oldest new species’; near Isangi, Congo-Kinshasa. Photo: K. Pannecoucke (06 - - v- 2010)" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Photo 40</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA71FF82ECE5FE794213FE1D" box="[711,790,404,431]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="104.[159,227,1497,1522]" captionTargetBox="[158,1035,1140,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[157,1038,1136,1458]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Figure 15. Frons (above) and male appendages (below) in dorsal view of the bullata - group of Gynacantha." pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA71FF82EEBDFE2E401AFE6E" box="[159,287,451,476]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA71FF82EEBDFE2E401AFE6E" box="[159,287,451,476]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">
<heading id="D0FC541ECA71FF82EEBDFE2E401AFE6E" bold="true" box="[159,287,451,476]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EEBDFE2E401AFE6E" bold="true" box="[159,287,451,476]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Taxonomy</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA71FF82EEBDFE0A4305FBE5" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA71FF82EEBDFE0A4305FBE5" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">
First recorded as an unidentified female from Liberia by 
<bibRefCitation id="8AA9DC22382689ACC7A792C04B29FBAE" author="Lempert J." journalOrPublisher="Diploma thesis, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat, Bonn" refId="ref68208" refString="Lempert J. 1988. Untersuchungen zur Fauna, Ökologie und zum Fortpflanzungsverhalten von Libellen (Odonata) an Gewässern des tropischen Regenwaldes in Liberia, Westafrika. Diploma thesis, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn" title="Untersuchungen zur Fauna, Okologie und zum Fortpflanzungsverhalten von Libellen (Odonata) an Gewassern des tropischen Regenwaldes in Liberia, Westafrika" type="book" year="1988">Lempert (1988)</bibRefCitation>
. Recent material shows it is widespread and genetically and morphologically distinct: thus treated as a good species by 
<bibRefCitation id="A860FDF0C807030C08E151FEAE2D4D64" author="Dijkstra K. - D. B. &amp; Clausnitzer V." journalOrPublisher="Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren" refId="ref66897" refString="Dijkstra K. - D. B. &amp; Clausnitzer V. 2014. The dragonflies and damselflies of eastern Africa: handbook for all Odonata from Sudan to Zimbabwe. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren" title="The dragonflies and damselflies of eastern Africa: handbook for all Odonata from Sudan to Zimbabwe" type="book" year="2014">Dijkstra &amp; Clausnitzer (2014)</bibRefCitation>
. Belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EF77FDBA40A0FDC0" box="[341,421,599,626]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EF77FDBA40A0FDC0" box="[341,421,599,626]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">bullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EC3DFDBA4259FDC0" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[543,860,599,626]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EC3DFDBA43AEFDC0" box="[543,683,599,626]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Gynacantha</emphasis>
Rambur, 1842
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82ED81FDBA405EFD25" authority="Karsch, 1891" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82ED81FDBA41B3FD25" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">G. bullata</emphasis>
Karsch, 1891
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EF4AFD9040F3FD25" box="[360,502,636,663]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congolica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EF4AFD9040F3FD25" box="[360,502,636,663]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">G. congolica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C821BCA71FF82EFDDFD90435EFD25" box="[511,603,637,663]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EC4BFD904202FD25" box="[617,775,636,663]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manderica">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EC4BFD904202FD25" box="[617,775,636,663]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">G. manderica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82ED35FD904025FD0E" authority="Gambles, 1956" authorityName="Gambles" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82ED35FD9042B1FD25" box="[791,948,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">G. nigeriensis</emphasis>
(Gambles, 1956)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EF0CFD4F4382FD0E" authority="Sjostedt, 1909" authorityName="Sjostedt" authorityYear="1909" box="[302,647,674,700]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usambarica">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EF0CFD4F40D2FD0E" box="[302,471,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">G. usambarica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3AFBA41CC4C92D367AD5237C78FBA955" author="Sjostedt Y." editor="Sjostedt I." journalOrPublisher="Dr. Yngve Sjostedt. 2. Band, Abt" pagination="1 - 52" part="14" refId="ref69093" refString="Sjöstedt Y. 1909. 1. Odonata. In: Sjöstedt I. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906 unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjöstedt. 2. Band, Abt. 14. Pseudoneuroptera: 1 - 52 [1910, P. Palmquists, Stockholm]" title="1. Odonata" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906 unter Leitung von Prof" year="1909">Sjöstedt, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82ECEBFD4F450DFD0E" authority="Pinhey, 1961" authorityName="Pinhey" authorityYear="1961" box="[713,1032,674,700]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Chlorocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82ECEBFD4F4255FD0E" box="[713,848,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">G. victoriae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8FEA3544C1BA00D457FC60A836707FEB" author="Pinhey E. C. G." journalOrPublisher="Publicacoes culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola" pagination="71 - 78" part="56" refId="ref68609" refString="Pinhey E. C. G. 1961 a. A collection of Odonata from Dundo, Angola. With the description of two new species of Gomphids. Publicações culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola 56: 71 - 78" title="A collection of Odonata from Dundo, Angola. With the description of two new species of Gomphids" type="journal article" year="1961">Pinhey, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="3134073706BB45F92F00135836E8E719" author="Dijkstra K. - D. B." journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Odonatology" pagination="1 - 32" part="8" refId="ref66775" refString="Dijkstra K. - D. B. 2005 b. Taxonomy and identification of the continental African Gynacantha and Heliaeschna species (Odonata: Aeshnidae). International Journal of Odonatology 8: 1 - 32" title="Taxonomy and identification of the continental African Gynacantha and Heliaeschna species (Odonata: Aeshnidae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Dijkstra (2005 b)</bibRefCitation>
synonymised the last with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EC91FD2A4220FD50" box="[691,805,711,738]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EC91FD2A4220FD50" box="[691,805,711,738]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">G. bullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on account of their (a)small size, Hw 35.0–44.0 mm; (b) pale legs with dark rings around the joints; (c) the absence of denticles in the posterior portion of the genital fossa border; and (d) the ventral carinae of S 6–8 lacking denticles. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EEFDFCB0406DFCC5" box="[223,360,861,887]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Chlorocypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EEFDFCB0406DFCC5" box="[223,360,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">G. victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is genetically distinct (
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA71FF82ECA3FCB143CAFCC5" box="[641,719,860,887]" captionStart="Tree 4" captionStartId="101.[159,207,1438,1463]" captionTargetBox="[159,1034,435,1397]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[156,1038,418,1400]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Tree 4. COI gene tree from Bayesian inference analysis for the bullata - group of Gynacantha and two outgroup taxa. For relevant branches posterior probabilities are shown first, as is bootstrap support from a 50 % majority rule consensus of 1 0 0 0 trees from Maximum Likelihood analysis (both as percentages)." pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Tree 4</figureCitation>
) and has (1) the antennal sockets on the frons usually not blackened and thus contrasting with the black vertex (
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA71FF82EF1FFC4A4095FC70" box="[317,400,935,962]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="104.[159,227,1497,1522]" captionTargetBox="[158,1035,1140,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[157,1038,1136,1458]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Figure 15. Frons (above) and male appendages (below) in dorsal view of the bullata - group of Gynacantha." pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); (2) broad blackish smears over the humeral sutures; (3) blue markings with maturity on the plate between Hw bases, dorsally on apex of S 2 and laterally on base of S 3; and (4) shorter cerci, 5.0– 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA71FF82EDA2FC1F42DCFBBE" box="[896,985,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
and less than 
<date id="FFB5C5B2CA71FF82EF29FBFA4022FB80" box="[267,295,1047,1074]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">3 x</date>
as long as the epiproct, distinctly shorter than S 8–10 combined (
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA71FF82EE8AFBD141FDFBE5" box="[168,248,1084,1111]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="104.[159,227,1497,1522]" captionTargetBox="[158,1035,1140,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[157,1038,1136,1458]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Figure 15. Frons (above) and male appendages (below) in dorsal view of the bullata - group of Gynacantha." pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) [rejected synonymy].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF74B3FACA71FF82EEBDFA3440B9F9BC" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" targetBox="[158,1035,1140,1455]" targetPageId="104">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA71FF82EEBDFA3440B9F9BC" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EEBDFA344009FA43" bold="true" box="[159,268,1497,1522]" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Frons (above) and male appendages (below) in dorsal view of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EDC0FA3441CCF9BC" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EDC0FA3441CCF9BC" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">bullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA71FF82EF11FA1B40B0F9BC" box="[307,437,1526,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="104" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA71FF82EF11FA1B40B0F9BC" box="[307,437,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="549">Gynacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA70FF83EEBDFF13406DFEAA" box="[159,360,254,280]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA70FF83EEBDFF13406DFEAA" bold="true" box="[159,360,254,280]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">Material studied</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA70FF80EEBDFEC941FAFD3F" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA70FF83EEBDFEC941FAFE1F" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">
<materialsCitation id="3B63E92FCA70FF83EEBDFEC941FEFE1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1224547859" collectingDate="2010-05-23" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="D. B. Dijkstra" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" elevation="427 m" latitude="1.27" location="Lower Aruwimi, Bomane, Village on Aruwimi River" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="23.73" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" specimenCode="RMNH.INS.554425" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Province Orientale" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54B05DD0CA70FF83EEBDFEC94015FE8F" box="[159,272,292,317]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA70FF83EEBDFEC94015FE8F" bold="true" box="[159,272,292,317]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA70FF83EF3DFECF4036FE8E" bold="true" box="[287,307,290,316]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">
<specimenCount id="B7D26CDF52D83FE36239627596923551" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA70FF83EF11FEC9403EFE8F" bold="true" box="[307,315,292,317]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">.</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="ACAC7DF89BE566BBEC2E60FF160AC0E3">RMNH.INS.502124</specimenCode>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31CA3E2CA70FF83EC65FECF4209FE8F" box="[583,780,290,317]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo-Kinshasa</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49CF2D90CA70FF83ED02FECF4502FE8F" box="[800,1031,290,317]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">Province Orientale</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="EC8C6FB622D4170875E99C8525CE9606" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A:EC8C6FB622D4170875E99C8525CE9606" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" latitude="1.27" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="23.73" name="Lower Aruwimi, Bomane, Village on Aruwimi River" stateProvince="Province Orientale">Lower Aruwimi, Bomane, Village on Aruwimi River</location>
and old oil palm plantation, 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA70FF83EF04FE834077FE3A" box="[294,370,366,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.27" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="427.0">
<elevation id="8EEAA0838C54CBB11594D96B5C721BBD" box="[294,370,366,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.27" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="427.0">427 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA70FF83EF9DFE804314FE3A" box="[447,529,365,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" precision="555" value="1.27">1.27 ° N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA70FF83EC38FE80437DFE3A" box="[538,632,365,392]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" precision="555" value="23.73">23.73 ° E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFB5C5B2CA70FF83ECACFE834202FE3A" box="[654,775,366,392]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="2010-05-23">
<collectingDate id="B23CB1002D689ABE791E44F34E2C0EFE" box="[654,775,366,392]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="2010-05-23">23 -v- 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. K.- 
<collectorName id="C87901D36B4946451248069FFAE106D1">D.B. Dijkstra</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1A7BB7CA70FF83EEBDFE7E41FEFE1F" box="[159,251,403,429]" collectionName="Netherlands, Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum (&quot;Naturalis&quot;) [formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">RMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA70FF80EEBDFE5441FAFD3F" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA70FF83EEBDFE544081FE61" bold="true" box="[159,388,440,467]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">Further material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B63E92FCA70FF83EFBEFE5540A8FDDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1224547899" collectingDate="2008-06-18" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="D. B. Dijkstra, K. Schütte" country="Cameroon" elevation="15 m" httpUri-0="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NSPAF053-15" latitude="3.62" location="SW of Edéa, Douala-Edéa Reserve, about 3 km east of Marienberg" longLatPrecision="784" longitude="9.91" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" specimenCode="RMNH.INS.554425" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Littoral Province">
<collectingCountry id="F31CA3E2CA70FF83EFBEFE554346FE60" box="[412,579,440,466]" name="Cameroon" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49CF2D90CA70FF83EC46FE554246FE60" box="[612,835,440,466]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">Littoral Province</collectingRegion>
): 
<specimenCount id="49EF71E112D6A1089F832C8B123B8EB1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="0B6F61F8B4A19BC7EEAB97B1BAE4CC16">RMNH.INS.500174</specimenCode>
), 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA70FF83EF61FE334095FE4A" box="[323,400,477,504]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="km" value="30.0">
<locationDeviation id="B4CB42F95287904FF68ACD2AC9C4E43A" box="[323,400,477,504]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
<location id="14A9336CEBE09F30A438D15B9662970D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A:14A9336CEBE09F30A438D15B9662970D" country="Cameroon" latitude="3.62" longLatPrecision="784" longitude="9.91" name="SW of Edéa, Douala-Edéa Reserve, about 3 km east of Marienberg" stateProvince="Littoral Province">
SW of Edéa, Douala-Edéa Reserve, about 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA70FF83EDB4FE3342D0FE4A" box="[918,981,477,504]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
east of Marienberg
</location>
, narrow forest strip along a grassy swamp beside the Sanaga River, 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA70FF83EF32FDC5407DFDF0" box="[272,376,552,578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="4EAB718DB5453532F94A7221D94AC461" box="[272,376,552,578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA70FF83EFE5FDC5431FFDF0" box="[455,538,552,578]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" precision="555" value="3.62">3.62 ° N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA70FF83EC01FDC54376FDF0" box="[547,627,552,578]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" precision="555" value="9.91">9.91 ° E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFB5C5B2CA70FF83ECABFDC5420EFDF0" box="[649,779,552,578]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="2008-06-18">
<collectingDate id="20E6A6C708E70D7557D8A4E24196D049" box="[649,779,552,578]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="2008-06-18">18 -vi- 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. K.- 
<collectorName id="BDB651AE5C78454D1954DDA2AE801BA7">D.B. Dijkstra</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="F6DED361C9AE56CCCD3B83FF3A0B05FA">K. Schütte</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1A7BB7CA70FF83EF73FDA340A8FDDA" box="[337,429,590,616]" collectionName="Netherlands, Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum (&quot;Naturalis&quot;) [formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">RMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B63E92FCA70FF80EF9EFDA34032FEAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1224547906" collectingDate="2014-06-23" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="L. Niemand &amp;, C. Ngou- lou" country="Republic of the Congo" elevation="17 m" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="551" latitude="-4.5937" location="north-east of Pointe-Noire, Hinda area" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="12.1309" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingCountry id="F31CA3E2CA70FF83EF9EFDA343F4FDDA" box="[444,753,590,616]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="Republic of the Congo">CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="B6FFE568F6590F04BC92EB2A81C52D4F" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA70FF83ED14FDA34280FDDA" box="[822,901,589,616]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="km" value="36.0">
<locationDeviation id="06617D016903D4F88F3971CEDA94E177" box="[822,901,589,616]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
<location id="181760E79734D64A301CAEEC5CA0FF67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A:181760E79734D64A301CAEEC5CA0FF67" country="Republic of the Congo" latitude="-4.5937" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="12.1309" name="north-east of Pointe-Noire, Hinda area">north-east of Pointe-Noire, Hinda area</location>
, stream forest and good 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA70FF83ED36FD9F425AFD3F" box="[788,863,626,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Hallea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA70FF83ED36FD9F425AFD3F" box="[788,863,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">Hallea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
swamp forest, 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA70FF83EEBDFD7541D9FD00" box="[159,220,664,690]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="17.0">
<elevation id="1C6CF6843A3DEE914D25D0B1F448A9CA" box="[159,220,664,690]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA70FF83EF0BFD754095FD00" box="[297,400,664,690]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" precision="5" value="-4.5937">4.5937 ° S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA70FF83EFBBFD754311FD00" box="[409,532,664,690]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" precision="5" value="12.1309">12.1309 ° E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFB5C5B2CA70FF83EC0BFD7543AEFD00" box="[553,683,664,690]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="2014-06-23">
<collectingDate id="D5AE0BA3B79D5E7010169238E53693D3" box="[553,683,664,690]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" value="2014-06-23">23 -vi- 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="2C46A18AA9F9A752ED296D426C7AD336">L. Niemand &amp;</collectorName>
<collectorName id="3F29FE8DD7AA20EBA48AECE66EC56E59">C. Ngou- lou</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1A7BB7CA73FF80EEF9FF134032FEAA" box="[219,311,254,280]" collectionName="Netherlands, Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum (&quot;Naturalis&quot;) [formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">RMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B63E92FCA73FF80EF69FF13433FFE8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1224547879" collectingDate="2011-02-05" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="D. B. Dijkstra" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" elevation="427 m" httpUri-0="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NSPAF124-15" latitude="1.27" location="Lower Aruwimi, Bomane, Village on Aruwimi River" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="23.73" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" specimenCode="RMNH.INS.554425" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Province Orientale">
<collectingCountry id="F31CA3E2CA73FF80EF69FF134348FEAA" box="[331,589,254,280]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="Democratic Republic of the Congo">CONGO-KINSHASA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49CF2D90CA73FF80EC47FF104256FEAA" box="[613,851,253,280]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Province Orientale</collectingRegion>
): 
<specimenCount id="9D0D28FBCA73FF80ED52FF134297FEA5" box="[880,914,253,280]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="AD988B1B23D81D5ED3A346345FB21BC2">RMNH.INS.502176</specimenCode>
), as holotype, 
<collectionCode id="ED1A7BB7CA73FF80EFFCFECE433FFE8F" box="[478,570,291,317]" collectionName="Netherlands, Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum (&quot;Naturalis&quot;) [formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">RMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="CDBDB98E1996D1B438579BB8EABDFC2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1224547893" collectingDate="2011-02-05" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="K. - D. B. Dijkstra, A. Dayeker" country="Liberia" elevation="260 m" latitude="5.6891" location="Grand Gedeh County" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-8.1678" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" specimenCode="RMNH.INS.501580, RMNH.INS.501581" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">
<collectingCountry id="F31CA3E2CA73FF80EC6AFECE43B6FE8F" box="[584,691,291,317]" name="Liberia" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="Liberia">LIBERIA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49CF2D90CA73FF80ECE4FECF42D6FE8F" box="[710,979,290,317]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Grand Gedeh County</collectingRegion>
): 
<specimenCount id="9D0D28FBCA73FF80EDCBFECE4509FE8E" box="[1001,1036,290,317]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="173C3F334731B121B33E9BC4CF22E7A7">RMNH.INS.501580</specimenCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="0F89A5575D32738FDF7A914549ADB4C5" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="0186B7EE92FECD30469213F9792CCD5F">RMNH.INS.501581</specimenCode>
), 
<location id="C0D81E1D84D4A8BA9B7C7D24B24FF971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A:C0D81E1D84D4A8BA9B7C7D24B24FF971" country="Liberia" latitude="5.6891" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-8.1678" name="Putu Iron Ore Mining concession, near former village of Boloweah" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">Putu Iron Ore Mining concession, near former village of Boloweah</location>
, sandy and gravelly stream running from rainforest into tangly clearing, 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA73FF80ECA3FE7E43CCFE1F" box="[641,713,403,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" unit="m" value="260.0">
<elevation id="C52C8D0D170D9BBAE95873755C4DCF21" box="[641,713,403,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA73FF80ED33FE7F4285FE1F" box="[785,896,402,429]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" precision="5" value="5.6891">5.6891 ° N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA73FF80EDA4FE7F42FAFE1F" box="[902,1023,402,429]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" precision="5" value="-8.1678">8.1678 ° W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFB5C5B2CA73FF80EEBDFE55401FFE60" box="[159,282,440,466]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="2011-02-05">
<collectingDate id="4CF252B3D7BADBFF24B7305BDFA33258" box="[159,282,440,466]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="2011-02-05">05-ii- 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="E46D4EFC35C896AED7B00E5808EF3896">K.-D.B. Dijkstra</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="0E13E0761AC87E1145D1853B0CD3E5FA">A. Dayeker</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1A7BB7CA73FF80ECE5FE544226FE60" box="[711,803,441,466]" collectionName="Netherlands, Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum (&quot;Naturalis&quot;) [formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">RMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B63E92FCA73FF80ED0FFE554018FDAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1224547909" collectingDate="1982-03-06" collectorName="J. Lempert" country="Liberia" location="NE of Zwedru" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">
<specimenCount id="0944896EB43CA314A4DDF95C99F87878" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="F459527C7984EF7D476402C2A61F364E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A:F459527C7984EF7D476402C2A61F364E" country="Liberia" name="NE of Zwedru" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">NE of Zwedru</location>
, high forest away from water near the 
<location id="C6FC2F8ABB57D5D3D6281141E344F49E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A:C6FC2F8ABB57D5D3D6281141E344F49E" country="Liberia" name="Cavalla River" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">Cavalla River</location>
, 
<date id="FFB5C5B2CA73FF80ED22FE304286FE4A" box="[768,899,477,504]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="1982-03-06">
<collectingDate id="E1E2EC4549D20BF8F55A928B09DDCB4C" box="[768,899,477,504]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="1982-03-06">06-iii- 1982</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. &amp; coll. 
<collectorName id="30CD6512FE1F657FF2AFFF366520AB03">J. Lempert</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B63E92FCA73FF80EF05FDEE41FEFD3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1224547889" collectingDate="2011-03-04" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="K. - D. B. Dijkstra, A. Dayeker" country="Sierra Leone" elevation="131 m" httpUri-0="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NSPAF237-15" latitude="7.6504" location="NE of Mayengema" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-10.7838" municipality="Gola Forest" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" specimenCode="RMNH.INS.554425" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Province">
<collectingCountry id="F31CA3E2CA73FF80EF05FDEE40E8FDAF" box="[295,493,515,541]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="Sierra Leone">SIERRA LEONE</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49CF2D90CA73FF80EFDEFDEF43CEFDAF" box="[508,715,514,541]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Eastern Province</collectingRegion>
): 
<specimenCount id="9D0D28FBCA73FF80ECFCFDEE4205FDAE" box="[734,768,514,541]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="1BE7116234AA22A8594173B44E6ECA77">RMNH.INS.503152</specimenCode>
), 
<collectingMunicipality id="C573248F84EE49218849BA4184C21FD4">Gola Forest</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA73FF80EF1BFDC54072FDF0" box="[313,375,552,578]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" unit="km" value="1.0">
<locationDeviation id="50D0CA1D43D5DB6DA9ABEAC58D3C5B67" box="[313,375,552,578]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
<location id="2FCD427A9DAB0403A55805AB89C21876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A25264CA71FF81EEF3FE87423BFE3A:2FCD427A9DAB0403A55805AB89C21876" country="Sierra Leone" latitude="7.6504" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-10.7838" municipality="Gola Forest" name="NE of Mayengema" stateProvince="Eastern Province">NE of Mayengema</location>
, small stream in forest, 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA73FF80EDA6FDC542CAFDF0" box="[900,975,552,578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" unit="m" value="131.0">
<elevation id="B356E52954A78929EE842EA432AE3952" box="[900,975,552,578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" unit="m" value="131.0">131 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA73FF80EE85FDA04013FDDA" box="[167,278,589,616]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" precision="5" value="7.6504">7.6504 ° N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F85B5CA73FF80EF01FDA040ACFDDA" box="[291,425,589,616]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" precision="5" value="-10.7838">10.7838 ° W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFB5C5B2CA73FF80EFE1FDA04343FDDA" box="[451,582,589,616]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="2011-03-04">
<collectingDate id="5C734D6671051E7647AA6C6BE098A395" box="[451,582,589,616]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" value="2011-03-04">04-iii- 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="AA9736436FB86911DA6F1273D32BD199">K.-D.B. Dijkstra</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="644FCB2BBCACCBA0404D398E2214EE27">A. Dayeker</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1A7BB7CA73FF80EEBDFD9E41FEFD3F" box="[159,251,627,653]" collectionName="Netherlands, Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum (&quot;Naturalis&quot;) [formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">RMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF74B3FACA70FF83EEBDFA3B40A5F9BE" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" targetBox="[158,1035,748,1452]" targetPageId="105">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA70FF83EEBDFA3B40A5F9BE" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA70FF83EEBDFA3B404CFA5C" bold="true" box="[159,329,1494,1519]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">
Type 
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA70FF83EEFEFA3B4040FA5C" box="[220,325,1494,1518]" captionStart="Photo 26" captionStartId="73.[781,846,1117,1141]" captionText="Photo 26. Mosaic of grassland and gallery forest on the sandy Batéké Plateau in Gabon. This landscape holds a unique fauna with Elattoneura aurifex, Ceriagrion obfuscans, Pseudagrion aureolum, Phyllogomphus bongorum, Malgassophlebia andzaba, Urothemis venata and Zygonyx dionyx described here. Photo: NM (05 - ii- 2011)" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">Photo 26</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA70FF83EFFFFA3B43CDFA5C" box="[477,712,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA70FF83EFFFFA3B43CDFA5C" box="[477,712,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="550">Gynacantha pupillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C821BCA70FF83ECF3FA3B422FFA5C" box="[721,810,1494,1518]" pageId="105" pageNumber="550" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, RMNH (horizontally mirrored from original).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA73FF80EEBDFD534007FC90" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA73FF80EEBDFD53400CFD6A" box="[159,265,702,728]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">
<heading id="D0FC541ECA73FF80EEBDFD53400CFD6A" bold="true" box="[159,265,702,728]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA73FF80EEBDFD53400CFD6A" bold="true" box="[159,265,702,728]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Genetics</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA73FF80EEBDFD0F4007FC90" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">
Five unique haplotypes (n= 6) are very distinct but nearest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA73FF80ED47FD0E450EFD4F" box="[869,1035,738,765]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usambarica">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA73FF80ED47FD0E450EFD4F" box="[869,1035,738,765]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">G. usambarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA73FF80EE85FCE541F1FC90" box="[167,244,776,802]" captionStart="Tree 4" captionStartId="101.[159,207,1438,1463]" captionTargetBox="[159,1034,435,1397]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[156,1038,418,1400]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Tree 4. COI gene tree from Bayesian inference analysis for the bullata - group of Gynacantha and two outgroup taxa. For relevant branches posterior probabilities are shown first, as is bootstrap support from a 50 % majority rule consensus of 1 0 0 0 trees from Maximum Likelihood analysis (both as percentages)." pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Tree 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA73FF80EEBDFCB94317FCDF" box="[159,530,851,877]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA73FF80EEBDFCB94317FCDF" box="[159,530,851,877]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">
<heading id="D0FC541ECA73FF80EEBDFCB94317FCDF" bold="true" box="[159,530,851,877]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA73FF80EEBDFCB94317FCDF" bold="true" box="[159,530,851,877]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Male morphological diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA73FF80EEBDFC9543F6FA2F" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA73FF80EEBDFC9543F6FA2F" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">
Belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA73FF80EF77FC9540A3FC20" box="[341,422,888,914]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA73FF80EF77FC9540A3FC20" box="[341,422,888,914]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">bullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group by (a) the distinct black mark on the frons; (b)the pale rim of the metastigma; (c) the presence of brace veins below Pt; (d) the genital fossa border with distinct rows of 8–14 denticles; (e) S 3 distinctly waisted near its base; (f) the lateral carinae of S 8 normally with denticles, like the ventral carinae; and (g) the cerci of rather even width throughout (
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA73FF80EF16FBDF4083FBFF" box="[308,390,1074,1101]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="104.[159,227,1497,1522]" captionTargetBox="[158,1035,1140,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[157,1038,1136,1458]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Figure 15. Frons (above) and male appendages (below) in dorsal view of the bullata - group of Gynacantha." pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Nearest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA73FF80EC3AFBDE43B7FBFF" box="[536,690,1075,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA73FF80EC3AFBDE43B7FBFF" box="[536,690,1075,1101]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">G. nigeriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B98F1CA73FF80ECC9FBDE4296FBFF" box="[747,915,1074,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Gynacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usambarica">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA73FF80ECC9FBDE4296FBFF" box="[747,915,1074,1101]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">G. usambarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (h) the uniformly pale legs; and (i) the ventral carinae of S 7–8 and sometimes S 6 with denticles. However, is (1) smaller, Hw 41.0–44.0 mm (n= 7) rather than 43.0–48.0 mm (n= 33); (2) duller in colour, with an olive rather than grass green thorax, and at most the plate between Hw bases and a dorsal pair of spots on the apex of S 2 blue; (3) the frons bears an isolated black dot anterior to each antenna (
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA73FF80EFBFFAFF40F5FA9F" box="[413,496,1298,1325]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="104.[159,227,1497,1522]" captionTargetBox="[158,1035,1140,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[157,1038,1136,1458]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Figure 15. Frons (above) and male appendages (below) in dorsal view of the bullata - group of Gynacantha." pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); (4) the wing bases have distinct dark rays to Ax 1–2; and (5) all wings have 5–14 cells doubled between R 2 and R 3 proximal to the brace vein, i.e., forming 2 cell rows. The dull colour, dotted frons and doubled cell rows are unique within the group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA73FF80EEBDFA2342DEF9BF" box="[159,987,1486,1549]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA73FF80EEBDFA234021FA5A" box="[159,292,1486,1512]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">
<heading id="D0FC541ECA73FF80EEBDFA234021FA5A" bold="true" box="[159,292,1486,1512]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="106" pageNumber="551" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA73FF80EEBDFA234021FA5A" bold="true" box="[159,292,1486,1512]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA73FF80EEBDFA1F42DEF9BF" box="[159,987,1522,1549]" pageId="106" pageNumber="551">Named for the pair of pupil-like dots on the frons (feminine adjective).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311B0F9CA72FF81EEBDFF13423BFE3A" pageId="107" pageNumber="552" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA72FF81EEBDFF134081FEAA" box="[159,388,254,280]" pageId="107" pageNumber="552">
<heading id="D0FC541ECA72FF81EEBDFF134081FEAA" bold="true" box="[159,388,254,280]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="107" pageNumber="552" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B97F3F60CA72FF81EEBDFF134081FEAA" bold="true" box="[159,388,254,280]" pageId="107" pageNumber="552">Range and ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4E372CA72FF81EEBDFECF423BFE3A" pageId="107" pageNumber="552">
Rather localised but widespread in rainforest from sea level to 
<quantity id="4CF34E97CA72FF81EDA4FECE42D4FE8F" box="[902,977,291,317]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="107" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="430.0">430 m</quantity>
a.s.l. in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville and central Congo- Kinshasa, but precise breeding habitat unknown (
<figureCitation id="1330FFF7CA72FF81ECC3FE80422AFE3A" box="[737,815,365,392]" captionStart="Map 7" captionStartId="103.[159,210,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[160,1035,537,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[156,1038,514,1458]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="Map 7. Distribution of Gynacantha congolica sp. nov., G. pupillata sp. nov. and G. manderica." pageId="107" pageNumber="552">Map 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>