1405 lines
181 KiB
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1405 lines
181 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ED35F68F91C9673B0BF956540C01930C">From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5641234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148671556" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5641234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A86222082FFDBE" blockId="3.[151,553,540,599]" box="[151,553,540,566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
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<heading id="D0D381CDFF87FF9CA8A86222082FFDBE" bold="true" box="[151,553,540,566]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A86222082FFDBE" ID-CoL="5WX26" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[151,553,540,566]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
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<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A86222082FFDBE" bold="true" box="[151,553,540,566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
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<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A862220B65FDBE" bold="true" box="[151,355,540,566]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA94D62220827FDBE" box="[370,545,540,566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11120" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1892) DIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs NOuvELLEs dE LA MEdITERRANEE ET pLus pARTIcuLIeREmENT dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (NOTEs ET REvuE 6), xvII - xxvIII." type="journal article">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A862010B89FDDF" blockId="3.[151,553,540,599]" box="[151,399,574,599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF87FF9CA8A362010B2EFDDF" box="[156,296,574,599]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetBox-2="[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetBox-3="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetBox-4="[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the ‘Carreiro Maldito’ cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Caminella intuta (TOpsENT, 1892), #13/07/2003-2 from “lithistid” cave, 2–3 m, Chak El Hatab, Lebanon. A. Mature sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. B. Spherules. C. Dichotriaene. Note the sterrasters at the tip of the rhabdome. D. Oxea (same scale as C)." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–D. BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH Por 647), paralectotype of Isops maculosus VOsmAER (1894), Gulf of Naples, 150–200 m. A. Mature sterrasters. B. Close-up of mature sterrasters on hilum. C. Oxyasters. D. Spherasters and spherules. E–G. field# Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102–112 m. E. Mature sterrasters (same scale as A). F. Spherasters (same scale as D). G. Oxyasters (same scale as C)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1454329/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1454331/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1454333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Figures 2–6</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A6031AFF87FF9CA90C62000B82FDDF" box="[307,388,574,599]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[147,224,571,591]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual spicule dimensions (µm) and cortex thickness (mm) for specimens of Caminella collected at different depths across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. In bold are specimens measured in this study. N=25 unless stated otherwise between parentheses, or unless measurements come from other studies; means are presented in italics; other values are ranges; - = not referred." pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF87FF9CA8A862B80B0FFD14" box="[151,265,646,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A862B80B0FFD14" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" box="[151,265,646,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Synonyms.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF87FF9CA8A8629B08A9FC9F" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A8629B08EFFD33" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" box="[151,745,677,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A8629B0BEAFD33" ID-CoL="32ZMM" authority="Topsent, 1892" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,492,677,699]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Cydonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A8629B0B54FD33" box="[151,338,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Cydonium intutum</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA966629B0BEAFD33" box="[345,492,677,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11120" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1892) DIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs NOuvELLEs dE LA MEdITERRANEE ET pLus pARTIcuLIeREmENT dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (NOTEs ET REvuE 6), xvII - xxvIII." type="journal article">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA9CA629B0887FD33" box="[501,641,677,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11120" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1892) DIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs NOuvELLEs dE LA MEdITERRANEE ET pLus pARTIcuLIeREmENT dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (NOTEs ET REvuE 6), xvII - xxvIII." type="journal article">Topsent 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. XVIII.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A862FB0EA2FD70" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A862FB0BBDFD52" ID-CoL="6MZPP" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[151,443,708,730]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
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<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A862FB0B09FD52" box="[151,271,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops intuta</emphasis>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA92462FA0BB5FD52" box="[283,435,708,730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11120" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1892) DIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs NOuvELLEs dE LA MEdITERRANEE ET pLus pARTIcuLIeREmENT dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (NOTEs ET REvuE 6), xvII - xxvIII." type="journal article">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
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)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA9FA62FA0857FD52" box="[453,593,708,730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11158" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1893) NOuvELLE sERIE dE dIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs dE ROscOFF ET dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, SERIEs 3, 1 (NOTEs ET REvuE 10), xxxIII - xLIII." type="journal article">Topsent 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. XLIII; Topsent 1894, p. 336, pl. XI, pl. XVI; Lendenfeld 1903, p. 95–96; Sarà 1961, p. 31; Boury-Esnault 1971, p. 296;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CAA5362DC0908FD70" box="[620,782,738,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref10148" refString="POuLIquEN, L. (1972) LEs spONgIAIREs dEs gROTTEs sOus-mARINEs dE LA REgION dE MARsEILLE: EcOLOgIE ET sysTEmATIquE. Tethys, 3 (4), 717 - 758." type="journal article">Pouliquen 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A6031AFF87FF9CAB2762DC0965FD70" box="[792,867,738,760]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[147,224,571,591]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual spicule dimensions (µm) and cortex thickness (mm) for specimens of Caminella collected at different depths across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. In bold are specimens measured in this study. N=25 unless stated otherwise between parentheses, or unless measurements come from other studies; means are presented in italics; other values are ranges; - = not referred." pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
; Templado
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CABE362DD0E0EFD70" box="[988,1032,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A6031AFF87FF9CAC6C62DC0EA6FD70" box="[1107,1184,738,760]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[147,224,571,591]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual spicule dimensions (µm) and cortex thickness (mm) for specimens of Caminella collected at different depths across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. In bold are specimens measured in this study. N=25 unless stated otherwise between parentheses, or unless measurements come from other studies; means are presented in italics; other values are ranges; - = not referred." pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A8633C08A9FC9F" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" box="[151,687,769,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A8633C0BC4FC9F" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[151,450,769,791]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intutus">
|
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<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A8633C0B1EFC9F" box="[151,280,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops intutus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA91C633F0BBCFC9F" box="[291,442,769,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11120" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1892) DIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs NOuvELLEs dE LA MEdITERRANEE ET pLus pARTIcuLIeREmENT dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (NOTEs ET REvuE 6), xvII - xxvIII." type="journal article">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Vosmaer 1933, p. 145.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF87FF9CA8A8631F09B0FCBE" box="[151,950,800,822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A8631F09B0FCBE" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" box="[151,950,800,822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A8631F0BB9FCBE" authority="(Vosmaer, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,447,800,822]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A8631F0B08FCBE" box="[151,270,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops intuta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA926631E0BB1FCBE" box="[281,439,800,822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11270" refString="VOsmAER, G. C. J. (1894) PRELImINARy NOTEs ON sOmE TETRAcTINELLIds OF ThE BAy OF NApLEs. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Fereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article">Vosmaer, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Maldonado 1992,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A6031AFF87FF9CAABE631E08CDFCBE" box="[641,715,800,822]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[147,224,571,591]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual spicule dimensions (µm) and cortex thickness (mm) for specimens of Caminella collected at different depths across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. In bold are specimens measured in this study. N=25 unless stated otherwise between parentheses, or unless measurements come from other studies; means are presented in italics; other values are ranges; - = not referred." pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
(mistake in authority).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF87FF9CA8A8630008D6FC1A" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A863000E2DFCDC" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" box="[151,1067,830,853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A863000BEAFCDC" ID-CoL="5WX26" authority="(TOpsENT, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="TOpsENT" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[151,492,830,853]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A863000B44FCDD" box="[151,322,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA97263000BE2FCDC" box="[333,484,830,852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11120" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1892) DIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs NOuvELLEs dE LA MEdITERRANEE ET pLus pARTIcuLIeREmENT dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (NOTEs ET REvuE 6), xvII - xxvIII." type="journal article">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CAA65637E0880FCDC" box="[602,646,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011; Sitjà & Maldonado 2014, Table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A8636008F8FCFB" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" box="[151,766,861,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A863600BD8FCFB" ID-CoL="6MZRN" authority="VOsmAER, 1894" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,478,861,883]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A863600B38FCFB" box="[151,318,861,883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA97B63630BD8FCFB" box="[324,478,861,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11270" refString="VOsmAER, G. C. J. (1894) PRELImINARy NOTEs ON sOmE TETRAcTINELLIds OF ThE BAy OF NApLEs. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Fereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article">Vosmaer, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA9D86363087CFCFB" box="[487,634,861,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11270" refString="VOsmAER, G. C. J. (1894) PRELImINARy NOTEs ON sOmE TETRAcTINELLIds OF ThE BAy OF NApLEs. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Fereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article">Vosmaer 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 273–274.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A8634308D6FC1A" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" box="[151,720,892,914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A863430BD2FC1A" ID-CoL="6MZRM" authority="Vosmaer, 1894" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,468,892,914]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A863430B32FC1A" box="[151,308,892,914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops maculosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA90563420BD2FC1A" box="[314,468,892,914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11270" refString="VOsmAER, G. C. J. (1894) PRELImINARy NOTEs ON sOmE TETRAcTINELLIds OF ThE BAy OF NApLEs. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Fereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article">Vosmaer, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Lendenfeld 1903, p. 96.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF87FF9CA8A863A40E32FC66" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A863A40F4CFC38" blockId="3.[151,1436,646,944]" box="[151,1354,922,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8A863A40815FC38" authority="LENdENFELd, 1894" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,531,922,944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A863A40B51FC38" box="[151,343,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Caminella loricata</emphasis>
|
||
Lendenfeld, 1894
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Lendenfeld 1894, p. 150–151, pl. II, pl. III, pl. VIII; Lendenfeld 1903, p. 89–90.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A863E60E32FC66" blockId="3.[151,1076,984,1006]" box="[151,1076,984,1006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8FC63E70BE2FC66" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[195,484,984,1006]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8FC63E70B3FFC66" box="[195,313,985,1006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops intuta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF87FF9CA97963E60BDAFC66" box="[326,476,984,1006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" refId="ref11120" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1892) DIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs NOuvELLEs dE LA MEdITERRANEE ET pLus pARTIcuLIeREmENT dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (NOTEs ET REvuE 6), xvII - xxvIII." type="journal article">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CAAB863E708B2FC66" box="[647,692,984,1006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994, p. 41 =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CAB7263E6099EFC66" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[845,920,984,1006]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CAB7263E6099EFC66" box="[845,920,984,1006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (this study)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF87FF9CA8A86424088BF957" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8A864240F20FBBA" blockId="3.[151,1438,1050,2011]" box="[151,1318,1050,1075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4C3CFCFF87FF9CA8A864240F20FBBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1947393611" box="[151,1318,1050,1075]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" elevation="28" location="Cap l’Abeille, Banyuls" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" specimenCode="DT-2290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8A864240B0DFBBB" bold="true" box="[151,267,1050,1075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F8803FF87FF9CA8A864240B00FBBB" box="[151,262,1050,1075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA92D64250B61FBBA" box="[274,359,1051,1074]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB829EDAFF87FF9CA95164250BD4FBBB" box="[366,466,1051,1075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">DT-2290</specimenCode>
|
||
(slide with sections, in bad state),
|
||
<location id="8EFB607AFF87FF9CAB6864250E5AFBBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20:8EFB607AFF87FF9CAB6864250E5AFBBB" box="[855,1116,1050,1075]" country="France" name="Cap l’Abeille, Banyuls" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Cap l’Abeille, Banyuls</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CAC5964250EB0FBBB" box="[1126,1206,1051,1075]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC9B44FF87FF9CACFF64240F24FBBA" box="[1216,1314,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0009D192FF87FF9CACFF64240F24FBBA" box="[1216,1314,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25-30 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8F864000923FA6B" blockId="3.[151,1438,1050,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8F864000BB3FBDF" bold="true" box="[199,437,1086,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA9FF6400088FFBDE" box="[448,649,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA9FF64000883FBDE" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[448,645,1086,1111]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">Caminella intuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
France: SME, collection ‘Topsent’, box 1, slide#12 labeled “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CAD5E64010ADEFBF3" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CAD5E64010ADEFBF3" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, Banyuls-sur-Mer (type locality), dredge; SME #90S, dry piece and slide,
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CAC06645C0EBFFBF3" box="[1081,1209,1122,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="1958-03-17">17.03.1958</date>
|
||
, Le Petit Congloué, Archipel de Riou, Marseille, cliff facing NE, 40 m, coll. J. Vacelet; SME #193S, wet specimen and slide,
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CA8A864940B11FB4B" box="[151,279,1194,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="1998-08-26">26.08.1998</date>
|
||
, Gameau cave, La Ciotat, 6-8 m, preserved in formalin, coll. J. Vacelet; SME PL617PC-7 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF87FF9CAD2F64950F92FB4B" box="[1296,1428,1195,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Fig. 2C, 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and PL617PC-10b,
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CA94164F00806FB6F" box="[382,512,1230,1255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2016-05-18">18.05.2016</date>
|
||
, Cosquer cave, Calanque de la Triperie, Parc National des Calanques, coll. P. Chevaldonné,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB829EDAFF87FF9CA90164CD0BBBFA83" box="[318,445,1266,1291]" collectionCode="ETHANOL" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">ethanol 96</specimenCode>
|
||
%;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CA9D964CC084BFA83" box="[486,589,1266,1291]" name="Lebanon" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
: SME
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CAA9D64CC0926FA83" box="[674,800,1266,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2002-09-21">21/09/2002</date>
|
||
-56a,
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CAB5864CC09E6FA83" box="[871,992,1266,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2003-07-05">5/07/2003</date>
|
||
-1 (sac 9),
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CAC5D64CD0EE0FA83" box="[1122,1254,1267,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2003-07-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDEE989FF87FF9CAC5D64CD0EE0FA83" box="[1122,1254,1267,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2003-07-13">13/07/2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
-2, preserved in formalin,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA93865290B44FAA7" box="[263,322,1303,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Chak</collectionCode>
|
||
El Hatab (
|
||
<location id="8EFB607AFF87FF9CA98065290819FAA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20:8EFB607AFF87FF9CA98065290819FAA7" box="[447,543,1302,1327]" country="Lebanon" name="NORTH Of" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA98065290BF9FAA7" box="[447,511,1303,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">north</collectionCode>
|
||
of
|
||
</location>
|
||
Selaata,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CAAB5652808F5FAA7" box="[650,755,1302,1327]" name="Lebanon" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
), "
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CAB3465290961FAA7" box="[779,871,1303,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">lithistid</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CAB4F652909AAFAA7" box="[880,940,1303,1327]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wvdq-gi6n" name="DOI/NPS, Carlsbad Caverns National Park" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">cave</collectionCode>
|
||
", in dark area, 2-3 m, colls. T. Pérez and J.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA8A865050AE9FADB" box="[151,239,1339,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Vacelet</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA8C365050B33FADB" box="[252,309,1339,1363]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e32f-m5rq" name="Station Marine d'Endoume" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">SME</collectionCode>
|
||
field#
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CA9B465040BE3FADB" box="[395,485,1338,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="24-08-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDEE989FF87FF9CA9B465040BE3FADB" box="[395,485,1338,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="24-08-05">080524</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
-
|
||
<location id="8EFB607AFF87FF9CA9D36504080BFADB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20:8EFB607AFF87FF9CA9D36504080BFADB" box="[492,525,1338,1363]" country="Lebanon" name="Lb" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Lb</location>
|
||
2-03,
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CAA73650408CBFADB" box="[588,717,1338,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2008-05-24">24.05.2008</date>
|
||
, Chak El Hatab, “lithistid cave”, 2 m, coll. T. Pérez, ethanol; Alboran Sea: field# Sp175, station BV 41, 35.99362, -2.86795, 102-112 m, beam trawl, INDEMARES- ALBORAN,
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CA91265BD0BA8FA13" box="[301,430,1411,1435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2012-07-21">21.07.2012</date>
|
||
, coll. S. Gofas, identified by Sitja & Maldonado (2014), preserved in formalin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF87FF9CAD0865BD0F89FA13" box="[1335,1423,1411,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CA8A865990AFAFA37" box="[151,252,1447,1471]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA8A865990AFAFA37" box="[151,252,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Portugal</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB829EDAFF87FF9CA93065990BD8FA37" box="[271,478,1446,1471]" collectionCode="PORTUGAL" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">ZMAPOR 21653</specimenCode>
|
||
, field# B.05.09.268,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CAAD66599092FFA37" box="[745,809,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Gruta</collectionCode>
|
||
do
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CAB5765990E32FA37" box="[872,1076,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Carreiro Maldito</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CAC7765990EBAFA37" box="[1096,1212,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Berlengas</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CACEE65990F32FA37" box="[1233,1332,1447,1471]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CACEE65990F32FA37" box="[1233,1332,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Portugal</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 6-8 m,
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CA8A865F40B1EFA6B" box="[151,280,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2005-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDEE989FF87FF9CA8A865F40B1EFA6B" box="[151,280,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="2005-09-20">20.09.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ethanol 96%,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA98165F50BEBFA6B" box="[446,493,1483,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">coll</collectionCode>
|
||
. A.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CAA2765F50867FA6B" box="[536,609,1483,1507]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF87FF9CAA5065F508CFFA6B" box="[623,713,1483,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF87FF9CAAEA65F5091FFA6B" box="[725,793,1483,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">3F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8F865D1088BF957" blockId="3.[151,1438,1050,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8F865D10B86F98F" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[199,384,1518,1543]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8F865D10B86F98F" box="[199,384,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype (here designated), RMNH Por 644 (not seen), Gulf of Naples, between Capri and Naples, 150-200 m,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA945662D0BA5F9A2" box="[378,419,1555,1578]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14723" name="Wartburg College" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">wet</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CA996662D0815F9A3" box="[425,531,1555,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">specimen</collectionCode>
|
||
labeled
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CAA4E662D088EF9A3" box="[625,648,1555,1579]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">as</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CAAB0662D0924F9A3" box="[655,802,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
'
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CAAAD662D0924F9A3" box="[658,802,1555,1579]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intutus">Isops intutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CAB15662D0962F9A3" box="[810,868,1555,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Tops</collectionCode>
|
||
. Corallieri, 17 Mei 1884
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35AE64FF87FF9CAC43662D0EADF9A3" box="[1148,1195,1555,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">coll</collectionCode>
|
||
. Vosmaer N.249', and 18 slides, some of which are labeled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CAA05660908F5F9C7" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[570,755,1590,1615]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CAA05660908F5F9C7" box="[570,755,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but all have the number 249. Slides are mostly histological sections, but two are spicule slides. According to GBIF records from the RMNH collection (https://www.gbif.org/ occurrence/search?taxon_key=5892880), there are at least seven other paralectotypes (here designated): RMNH Por 78, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650; BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (seen), two fragments of paralectotype RMNH Por 647 (~2.5 x 1.5 cm),
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF87FF9CA96D66F90BD5F957" box="[338,467,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" value="1890-12-12">12.12.1890</date>
|
||
, Gulf of Naples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF87FF9BA8F866D40F2BF910" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8F866D408D8F8E7" blockId="3.[151,1438,1050,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8F866D40B98F88B" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[199,414,1770,1795]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8F866D40B98F88B" box="[199,414,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Caminella loricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (not seen), ZMB Por 2423, Lesina (=Hvar), Adriatic Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CACF866D50F18F88B" box="[1223,1310,1771,1795]" name="Croatia" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, one small
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB829EDAFF87FF9CA8A867310AE1F8AF" box="[151,231,1807,1831]" collectionCode="PIECE" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">piece 1</specimenCode>
|
||
cm x 0.5 cm, purchased in 1897, no slides; NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF87FF9CAC3A67310EA8F8AF" box="[1029,1198,1807,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Fig. 3A, 3C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), slide from
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F8803FF87FF9CAD0567310F9AF8AF" box="[1338,1436,1807,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with a thick section (seen high resolution pictures); NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP346 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF87FF9CAC28670D0E76F8C3" box="[1047,1136,1843,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), slide from holotype with histological sections (seen high resolution pictures).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF87FF9CA8F867440BD4F853" blockId="3.[151,1438,1050,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CA8F867440B1CF81B" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[199,282,1914,1939]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA8F867440B1CF81B" box="[199,282,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. SME, Balgim slide box ‘Tetractinellida’, three slides labeled ‘CP–63 (185)’ (two spicule preparations and one piece of cortex),
|
||
<location id="8EFB607AFF87FF9CAA6867A00871F83F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20:8EFB607AFF87FF9CAA6867A00871F83F" box="[599,631,1950,1975]" country="Morocco" name="Off" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">off</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF87FF9CAABE67A108ECF83F" box="[641,746,1951,1975]" name="Morocco" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1510 m, originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF87FF9CAC5167A10EF2F83E" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1134,1268,1951,1974]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CAC5167A10EF2F83E" box="[1134,1268,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">Isops intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by M. J. Uriz (Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF87FF9CA97567FA0B7CF853" box="[330,378,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF80FF9BA8F860A90BE2FDB5" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA8F860A90909FF38" bold="true" box="[199,783,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">External morphology and skeleton organization.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAB2160A6098DFF38" box="[798,907,152,176]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
) Massive subglobular, up to 10 cm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAD5260A60ABEFF5C" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with smooth, clean surface. Cave specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BAAC660820943FF5C" box="[761,837,188,212]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BAB44608209DCFF5C" box="[891,986,188,212]" name="Portugal" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
area are brown, to dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAD0160820AEAFF70" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2A, 2C, 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cave specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BA9C760E1085CFF70" box="[504,602,223,248]" name="Lebanon" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAA5760DE08B9FF70" box="[616,703,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are pure white (small specimens), white to cream or light brown (large specimens). Deep-sea specimens are cream-colored to brown. Internal color is white to light brown. Colors are retained in ethanol and formalin. One to several uniporal oscules (0.2–2 mm in diameter) can be present, each leading into a cloaca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BA9B661720BD9FEEC" box="[393,479,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cave specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BAAD56172094AFEED" box="[746,844,332,357]" name="Lebanon" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
generally have a single oscule at the top, more rarely two or three, while other cave specimens often have several oscules. Oscules can have a slightly elevated margin in life, especially visible in underwater photographs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAAE561AA0961FE24" box="[730,871,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2A, 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), often flush with surface after preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAD5261AA0ABCFE58" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface punctured by numerous uniporal pores (20–200 µm in diameter in cave specimens; 20–55 µm in deep- sea specimen), which can have elevated surrounding walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAB7A61E20999FE7C" box="[837,927,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
), or not (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAC3561E20E65FE7C" box="[1034,1123,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oscules and pores can be surrounded by a conspicuous dark ring (especially in cave specimens) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAB80623E0E4DFD90" box="[959,1099,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2A, 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), or not (deep-sea specimens) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BA8A1621A0AF3FDB4" box="[158,245,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1426,300,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Consistency fleshy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF80FF9BA8F862760E83FD78" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
The cortex is thin (0.2–0.5 mm thick), more or less flexible and easily detachable from the underlying choanosome. The ectocortex is composed of a dense aggregation of spherasters/spherules while the endocortex is made of sterrasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BA94862AE0BF4FD20" box="[375,498,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dichotriaenes support the cortex, but do not cross it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAC6B62AE0EA9FD20" box="[1108,1199,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the choanosome, a few oxeas are more or less radially organized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAAEA628A0955FD44" box="[725,851,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the choanosome, oxyasters and sterrasters are common while spherasters/spherules are rare and predominantly found around the canals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF80FF9BA8F862C209EBFBBC" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA8F862C20B36FC9D" bold="true" box="[199,304,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BA90062C20BAAFC9D" box="[319,428,764,789]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox-0="[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetBox-2="[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the ‘Carreiro Maldito’ cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Caminella intuta (TOpsENT, 1892), #13/07/2003-2 from “lithistid” cave, 2–3 m, Chak El Hatab, Lebanon. A. Mature sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. B. Spherules. C. Dichotriaene. Note the sterrasters at the tip of the rhabdome. D. Oxea (same scale as C)." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–D. BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH Por 647), paralectotype of Isops maculosus VOsmAER (1894), Gulf of Naples, 150–200 m. A. Mature sterrasters. B. Close-up of mature sterrasters on hilum. C. Oxyasters. D. Spherasters and spherules. E–G. field# Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102–112 m. E. Mature sterrasters (same scale as A). F. Spherasters (same scale as D). G. Oxyasters (same scale as C)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1454329/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1454331/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1454333/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A6031AFF80FF9BA9FC62C2081FFC9C" box="[451,537,764,789]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[147,224,571,591]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual spicule dimensions (µm) and cortex thickness (mm) for specimens of Caminella collected at different depths across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. In bold are specimens measured in this study. N=25 unless stated otherwise between parentheses, or unless measurements come from other studies; means are presented in italics; other values are ranges; - = not referred." pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) (a) oxeas, a few styloids, 900–
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF80FF9BABB562C209F6FC9D" box="[906,1008,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" value="2500-10-06">2500 x 6</date>
|
||
-50 µm; (b) dichotriaenes (rhabdome: 370–
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF80FF9BA8F0631E0B40FCB0" box="[207,326,799,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" value="2000-10-12">2000 x 12</date>
|
||
–60 µm; protoclad: 60–237 µm; deuteroclad: 25–410 µm), rarely orthotriaenes; (c) sterrasters, spherical to oval, 40–84 µm, surface without clear rosettes, instead the actins build bridges between them making a brain-like surface, which is then covered with small warts; immature sterrasters have blunt actins covered with small branches that sometimes link two actins together making a honeycomb surface (similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAD3D63B20F9AFC2D" box="[1282,1436,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAD3D63B20F9AFC2D" box="[1282,1436,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Placospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
selenasters). From here on we will distinguish ‘young’ (not fully grown) from ‘immature’ (fully grown but underdeveloped) sterrasters; (d) oxyasters, 3–8 actins, 10–36 µm in diameter, actins are finely acanthose and blunt at the very tip;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E0F843FF80FF9BA90163C60B84FB98" box="[318,386,1016,1040]" country="France" name="Centre" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">center</collectingRegion>
|
||
is more or less developed; (e) spiny spherasters to spherules, different ratios depending on the specimens, sometimes with very irregular spherasters, 3–15 µm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF80FF9BA8F8647E0E61FAF0" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
We observed four
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F8803FF80FF9BA9A6647E0BD2FBD0" box="[409,468,1088,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of spicule phenotypes depending on the origin of the specimens. 1) Cave specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BA8EB645A0B26FBF4" box="[212,288,1124,1148]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BA968645A0BBCFBF4" box="[343,442,1124,1148]" name="Portugal" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BA9FA645A0BDAFBF4" box="[453,476,1124,1148]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">as</collectingCountry>
|
||
well
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BAA25645A0837FBF4" box="[538,561,1124,1148]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">as</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAA06645B08B5FBF5" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[569,691,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAA06645B08B5FBF5" box="[569,691,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">C. loricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BAAC8645A094FFBF4" box="[759,841,1124,1148]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
had immature sterrasters associated with irregular to regular spherasters, which rarely become spherules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAADE64B60945FB28" box="[737,835,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,213,1773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Figs. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAB7064B60966FB28" box="[847,864,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the ‘Carreiro Maldito’ cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dichotriaenes can also be irregular; orthotriaenes are occasionally found. 2) Specimens from shallow-water but deeper (25–40 m) and not in caves (specimens from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F8803FF80FF9BA8FB64EF0AF2FB60" box="[196,244,1233,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality identified by Topsent and from 40 m in Marseille) have immature sterrasters associated with irregular to regular spherasters, many of which are spherules. 3) Cave specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BAC4D64CA0ED2FA85" box="[1138,1236,1268,1293]" name="Lebanon" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(all coming from the same cave) had mature sterrasters and only spherules. Megascleres are larger and robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAC8865260EF8FAB8" box="[1207,1278,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Caminella intuta (TOpsENT, 1892), #13/07/2003-2 from “lithistid” cave, 2–3 m, Chak El Hatab, Lebanon. A. Mature sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. B. Spherules. C. Dichotriaene. Note the sterrasters at the tip of the rhabdome. D. Oxea (same scale as C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). 4) Deep-sea specimens (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BA92365030BD5FADD" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[284,467,1340,1365]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA92365030BD5FADD" box="[284,467,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F8803FF80FF9BA9E565020877FADC" box="[474,625,1340,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and specimen from the Alboran Sea) had mature sterrasters with regular spherasters, which have on average shorter actins, and often become spherules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF80FF9BAC2C655E0E5FFAF0" box="[1043,1113,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–D. BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH Por 647), paralectotype of Isops maculosus VOsmAER (1894), Gulf of Naples, 150–200 m. A. Mature sterrasters. B. Close-up of mature sterrasters on hilum. C. Oxyasters. D. Spherasters and spherules. E–G. field# Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102–112 m. E. Mature sterrasters (same scale as A). F. Spherasters (same scale as D). G. Oxyasters (same scale as C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454333/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF80FF9BA8F865BA0837FA6D" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA8F865BA0BA9FA15" bold="true" box="[199,431,1412,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
|
||
In caves,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAA1E65BB0882FA14" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[545,644,1413,1436]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAA1E65BB0882FA14" box="[545,644,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives in semi-dark to dark areas, where it can be found
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BACCC65BA0F0CFA14" box="[1267,1290,1412,1436]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">as</collectingCountry>
|
||
shallow
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BAD4F65BA0F81FA14" box="[1392,1415,1412,1436]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">as</collectingCountry>
|
||
2 m depth. Outside caves, it has been recorded from 25–30 m in Banyuls-sur-Mer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF80FF9BAC0865960EDDFA48" box="[1079,1243,1448,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" refId="ref11120" refString="TOpsENT, E. (1892) DIAgNOsEs d'EpONgEs NOuvELLEs dE LA MEdITERRANEE ET pLus pARTIcuLIeREmENT dE BANyuLs. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2 (NOTEs ET REvuE 6), xvII - xxvIII." type="journal article">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to 300 m in the Alboran Sea (Templado
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA99665F30BDFFA6D" box="[425,473,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF80FF9BA8F865D10F2BF910" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA8F865D10B88F980" bold="true" box="[199,398,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">DNA barcoding.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA9A765CE0BD6F98F" box="[408,464,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">COI.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB829EDAFF80FF9BA9E565CE0899F980" box="[474,671,1519,1544]" collectionCode="COI" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">ZMAPOR 21653</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9477AB42FF80FF9BAA8E65D10930F980" box="[689,822,1519,1544]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM592740" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">HM592740</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and cave specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BAC5265D10EC9F980" box="[1133,1231,1519,1544]" name="Lebanon" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF80FF9BACDE65D10F3DF980" box="[1249,1339,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" value="24-08-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDEE989FF80FF9BACDE65D10F3DF980" box="[1249,1339,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" value="24-08-05">080524</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
-Lb2-03) had a 100% identical COI (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9477AB42FF80FF9BA9E8662A0858F9A5" box="[471,606,1556,1581]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH477613" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">MH477613</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAA4C662A090BF9A4" box="[627,781,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">28S (C1-D2).</emphasis>
|
||
ZMAPOR 21653 (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9477AB42FF80FF9BABD2662A0E77F9A5" box="[1005,1137,1556,1581]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HM592804" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">HM592804</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and cave specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337631FF80FF9BA8A866090AFFF9D8" box="[151,249,1591,1616]" name="Lebanon" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="FF9A1061FF80FF9BA93766090B65F9D8" box="[264,355,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" value="24-08-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDEE989FF80FF9BA93766090B65F9D8" box="[264,355,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" value="24-08-05">080524</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
-Lb2-03,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9477AB42FF80FF9BA9F76606084CF9D8" box="[456,586,1592,1616]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH478114" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">MH478114</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB829EDAFF80FF9BAA66660708C4F9D8" box="[601,706,1592,1616]" collectionCode="WERE" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">were 100</specimenCode>
|
||
% identical. Both had a 5 bp difference with PL617PC-10b from Cosquer cave (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9477AB42FF80FF9BA97E66620BCEF9FD" box="[321,456,1628,1653]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH478115" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">MH478115</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA9E36662080BF9FC" box="[476,525,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">18S.</emphasis>
|
||
ZMAPOR 21653 (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9477AB42FF80FF9BAAD566620977F9FC" box="[746,881,1628,1652]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH478118" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">MH478118</accessionNumber>
|
||
). ZMAPOR 21653 was submitted to the Sponge Barcoding Project (http://www.palaeontologie.geo.uni-muenchen.de/SBP/) with accession number 1777.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF80FF9AA8F8669A0EC1FF5D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF80FF9BA8F8669A0F9AF854" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA8F8669A0B3DF935" bold="true" box="[199,315,1700,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Suspicions of synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAA96669B0963F935" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[681,869,1700,1725]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAA96669B0963F935" box="[681,869,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAB9C669A0E7AF935" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[931,1148,1700,1725]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAB9C669A0E7AF935" box="[931,1148,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Caminella loricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were raised early on by Topsent (1895, p. 580–581) who suggested that i)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAAFB66F7097AF968" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[708,892,1735,1760]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAAFB66F7097AF968" box="[708,892,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BACB666F70F0AF968" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1161,1292,1737,1760]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BACB666F70F0AF968" box="[1161,1292,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Isops intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although its colour seemed different and its sterrasters larger, ii)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAAD766D209B8F88D" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[744,958,1772,1797]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAAD766D209B8F88D" box="[744,958,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Caminella loricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BACEA66D30F5DF88C" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1237,1371,1773,1796]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BACEA66D30F5DF88C" box="[1237,1371,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Isops intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since the ‘microdesmen’ described by Lendenfeld (1894) were probably spherasters. However, Topsent (1895) did not conclude since he had not seen
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F8803FF80FF9BA9C4670B082DF8C4" box="[507,555,1845,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF80FF9BAAF9670A097FF8C4" box="[710,889,1844,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" refId="ref11270" refString="VOsmAER, G. C. J. (1894) PRELImINARy NOTEs ON sOmE TETRAcTINELLIds OF ThE BAy OF NApLEs. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Fereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article">Vosmaer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had not given any measurements or illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BA88967670B42F8F8" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[182,324,1879,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BA88967670B42F8F8" box="[182,324,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">I. maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This issue was later taken up by Vosmaer (1933), finally giving some spicule measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BADB367670B0BF81D" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BADB367670B0BF81D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">I. maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He concluded that his species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAABA67430910F81D" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[645,790,1916,1941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAABA67430910F81D" box="[645,790,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">I. maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAB6D674309D3F81D" box="[850,981,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAB6D674309D6F81D" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[850,976,1916,1941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">C. loricata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BACCB67430F56F81C" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1268,1360,1917,1940]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BACCB67430F56F81C" box="[1268,1360,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">I. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Once again, these conclusions were not based on the comparison of
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F8803FF80FF9BAB5E679F0997F830" box="[865,913,1953,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. The present study is the first one to examine the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F8803FF80FF9BA91567FB0B5CF854" box="[298,346,1989,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAA3867FA08DFF854" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[519,729,1988,2013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Cydonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAA3867FA08DFF854" box="[519,729,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Cydonium intutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BAAD767FB09A4F855" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[744,930,1988,2013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BAAD767FB09A4F855" box="[744,930,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF80FF9BABDB67FA0EBCF855" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[996,1210,1988,2013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BABDB67FA0EBCF855" box="[996,1210,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Caminella loricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We confirm that
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF80FF9BADB367FB0F9AF854" box="[1420,1436,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">I.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF81FF9AA8A860A90EC1FF5D" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF81FF9AA8A860A90B0BFF38" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,269,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF81FF9AA8A860A90B0BFF38" box="[151,269,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF81FF9AA96C60A60BD3FF38" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[339,469,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF81FF9AA96C60A60BD3FF38" box="[339,469,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">C. loricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF81FF9AAB3360A909D7FF38" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[780,977,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF81FF9AAB3360A909D7FF38" box="[780,977,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. And yet, we do note some external morphology and spicule differences within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF81FF9AAA41608308E6FF5C" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[638,736,189,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF81FF9AAA41608308E6FF5C" box="[638,736,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, which will be discussed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6629FF81FF9AA8A866F20BB9F8F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454325/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="179" startId="5.[151,250,1740,1762]" targetBox="[161,1426,300,1679]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF81FF9AA8A866F20BB9F8F3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1740,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF81FF9AA8A866F20B15F969" bold="true" box="[151,275,1740,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF81FF9AA92466F20875F96A" authority="(TOpsENT, 1892)" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[283,627,1740,1762]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF81FF9AA92466F20BC1F96A" box="[283,455,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="179">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
|
||
(Topsent, 1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6629FF82FF99A8A867330ECEF853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454327/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="180" startId="6.[151,250,1805,1827]" targetBox="[161,1436,235,1773]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF82FF99A8A867330ECEF853" blockId="6.[151,1436,1805,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF82FF99A8A867330B13F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,277,1805,1827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="180">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF82FF99AB1267330EB6F8AB" authority="LENdENFELd, 1894" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[813,1200,1805,1827]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="174" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF82FF99AB12673309E9F8AB" box="[813,1007,1805,1827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="180">Caminella loricata</emphasis>
|
||
Lendenfeld, 1894
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF82FF99A98467120836F8C9" box="[443,560,1835,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF82FF99A9846712082DF8C9" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[443,555,1835,1857]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="180" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">C. loricata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
C. Section of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF82FF99AB03671209AFF8C9" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[828,937,1835,1857]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="180" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF82FF99AB03671209AFF8C9" box="[828,937,1835,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="180">C. loricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF82FF99ABCD67750E67F8E8" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[1010,1121,1866,1888]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="180" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF82FF99ABCD67750E67F8E8" box="[1010,1121,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="180">C. loricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF82FF99AD0D67B90AD4F834" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="180" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF82FF99AD0D67B90AD4F834" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="180">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6629FF83FF98A8A867470884F863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="181" startId="7.[151,250,1913,1935]" targetBox="[216,1373,193,1894]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF83FF98A8A867470884F863" blockId="7.[151,1436,1913,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF83FF98A8A867470B14F806" bold="true" box="[151,274,1913,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="181">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF83FF98A9266747086BF807" authority="(TOpsENT, 1892)" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[281,621,1913,1935]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF83FF98A92667470BC5F807" box="[281,451,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="181">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
|
||
(Topsent, 1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the ‘Carreiro Maldito’ cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6629FF8CFF97A8A867A80B8CF862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454331/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="182" startId="8.[151,250,1942,1964]" targetBox="[206,1381,193,1921]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF8CFF97A8A867A80B8CF862" blockId="8.[151,1436,1942,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8CFF97A8A867A80B10F824" bold="true" box="[151,278,1942,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="182">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8CFF97A91E67A80886F824" authority="(TOpsENT, 1892)" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[289,640,1942,1965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8CFF97A91E67A80BD6F825" box="[289,464,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="182">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
|
||
(Topsent, 1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, #13/07/2003-2 from “lithistid” cave, 2–3 m, Chak El Hatab, Lebanon. A. Mature sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. B. Spherules. C. Dichotriaene. Note the sterrasters at the tip of the rhabdome. D. Oxea (same scale as C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6629FF8DFF96A8A867450909F865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454333/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="183" startId="9.[151,250,1915,1937]" targetBox="[215,1372,193,1894]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF8DFF96A8A867450909F865" blockId="9.[151,1437,1915,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8DFF96A8A867450B14F818" bold="true" box="[151,274,1915,1937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="183">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8DFF96A9276745086CF819" authority="(TOpsENT, 1892)" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[280,618,1915,1937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8DFF96A92767450BC4F819" box="[280,450,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="183">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
|
||
(Topsent, 1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–D. BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH Por 647), paralectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8DFF96ACC967420B3DF838" authority="Vosmaer (1894)" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8DFF96ACC967420F9AF819" box="[1270,1436,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="183">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
Vosmaer (1894)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Gulf of Naples, 150–200 m. A. Mature sterrasters. B. Close-up of mature sterrasters on hilum. C. Oxyasters. D. Spherasters and spherules. E–G. field# Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102–112 m. E. Mature sterrasters (same scale as A). F. Spherasters (same scale as D). G. Oxyasters (same scale as C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6629FF8EFF95A8AC62050B10FD0B" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF8EFF95A8AC62050B10FD0B" blockId="10.[147,1885,571,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95A8AC62050AF0FDC7" bold="true" box="[147,246,571,591]" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Individual spicule dimensions (µm) and cortex thickness (mm) for specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8EFF95ABEB62050E34FDC6" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[980,1074,571,590]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="184" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95ABEB62050E34FDC6" box="[980,1074,571,590]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Caminella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected at different depths across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. In bold are specimens measured in this study. N=25 unless stated otherwise between parentheses, or unless measurements come from other studies; means are presented in italics; other values are ranges; - = not referred.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF8EFF95A8CB62800D36F99A" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<table id="F924C401FF8E0060A8A062800D55F9CE" box="[159,1875,702,1606]" colsContinueIn="11.[150,1875,707,1548]" gridcols="9" gridrows="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8E0060A8A062800D55FC8E" box="[159,1875,702,774]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A8A062800B90FC8E" box="[159,406,702,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Material</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A9FC62800808FC8E" box="[451,526,702,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Depth (m)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA0562800888FC8E" box="[570,654,702,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Cortex thickness (mm)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA8B62800945FC8E" box="[692,835,702,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Spherasters/ spherules (length)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AB50628009F6FC8E" box="[879,1008,702,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Sterrasters (length/width)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AC1E62800EA0FC8E" box="[1057,1190,702,774]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Oxyasters (diameter)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ACD262800F7CFC8E" box="[1261,1402,702,774]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Dichotriaenes (rhabdome: length/width)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ADFF62800C87FC8E" box="[1472,1665,702,774]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Dichotriaenes (proto/ deuteroclades/ ortho clad)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AE8962800D55FC8E" box="[1718,1875,702,774]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Oxeas (length/width)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8E0060A8A063190D55FCB3" box="[159,1875,807,827]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A8A063190B90FCB3" box="[159,406,807,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8EFF95A8F163190B61FCB2" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[206,359,807,826]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="184" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95A8F163190B61FCB2" box="[206,359,807,826]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Caminella intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A9FC63190808FCB3" box="[451,526,807,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">25-30</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA0563190888FCB3" box="[570,654,807,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">0.2-0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA8B63190945FCB3" box="[692,835,807,827]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">5-7</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AB50631909F6FCB3" box="[879,1008,807,827]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">50-60</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AC1E63190EA0FCB3" box="[1057,1190,807,827]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">20-24</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ACD263190F7CFCB3" box="[1261,1402,807,827]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">2000/</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ADFF63190C87FCB3" box="[1472,1665,807,827]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">135-150/</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AE8963190D55FCB3" box="[1718,1875,807,827]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">1000-2500/</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8E0060A8A0637F0D55FC01" box="[159,1875,833,905]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="184" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A8A0637F0B90FC01" box="[159,406,833,905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Banyuls, France Holotype, MNHN-DT2290 (Topsent, 1894)</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA8B637F0945FC01" box="[692,835,833,905]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">(spherasters to spherules)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AB50637F09F6FC01" box="[879,1008,833,905]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">(spherical, immature)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AC1E637F0EA0FC01" box="[1057,1190,833,905]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">(10-12 actins), slightly spiny</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ACD2637F0F7CFC01" box="[1261,1402,833,905]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">40</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ADFF637F0C87FC01" box="[1472,1665,833,905]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">295-310</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AE89637F0D55FC01" box="[1718,1875,833,905]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">23-28</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8E0060A8A063970D55FBAD" box="[159,1875,937,1061]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A8A063970B90FBAD" box="[159,406,937,1061]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95A8F163940B75FBAD" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8EFF95A8F163940AE4FC5F" authority="Bay" authorityName="Bay" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="184" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95A8F163940B61FC35" bold="true" box="[206,359,937,957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Isops maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
Bay
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Naples, Italy paralectotype, BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH-Por647)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A9FC63970808FBAD" box="[451,526,937,1061]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95A9FC63970808FC35" bold="true" box="[451,526,937,957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">150-200</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA0563970888FBAD" box="[570,654,937,1061]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AA6963970875FC35" bold="true" box="[598,627,937,957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">0.5</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA8B63970945FBAD" box="[692,835,937,1061]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AAEA6397092BFC79" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
3-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AAD763940902FC35" bold="true" box="[744,772,938,957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">5.7</emphasis>
|
||
-13 (spheraster to spherules)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AB50639709F6FBAD" box="[879,1008,937,1061]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95ABB9639709E5FC5F" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
56-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AB9B639409BDFC35" bold="true" box="[932,955,938,957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">72</emphasis>
|
||
-84 (spherical)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AC1E63970EA0FBAD" box="[1057,1190,937,1061]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AC0863970E96FC35" bold="true" box="[1079,1168,937,957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
8-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AC7563940E77FC35" bold="true" box="[1098,1137,938,957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">12.9</emphasis>
|
||
-18
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ACD263970F7CFBAD" box="[1261,1402,937,1061]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">None measured</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ADFF63970C87FBAD" box="[1472,1665,937,1061]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">None measured</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AE8963970D55FBAD" box="[1718,1875,937,1061]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">None measured</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8E0060A8A0647A0D55FB2E" box="[159,1875,1092,1190]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A8A0647A0B90FB2E" box="[159,406,1092,1190]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8EFF95A8FA647B0B26FBFB" authority="Lesina" authorityName="Lesina" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="184" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95A8FA647B0B77FBD0" box="[197,369,1093,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Caminella loricata</emphasis>
|
||
Lesina
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Italy holotype (Lendenfeld, 1894)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A9FC647A0808FB2E" box="[451,526,1092,1190]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA05647A0888FB2E" box="[570,654,1092,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">0.3-0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA8B647A0945FB2E" box="[692,835,1092,1190]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">3-8 (spheraster to spherules)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AB50647A09F6FB2E" box="[879,1008,1092,1190]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">60 (spherical, immature)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AC1E647A0EA0FB2E" box="[1057,1190,1092,1190]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">5-20</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ACD2647A0F7CFB2E" box="[1261,1402,1092,1190]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">800/ 30</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ADFF647A0C87FB2E" box="[1472,1665,1092,1190]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AE89647A0D55FB2E" box="[1718,1875,1092,1190]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">1200-1600/ 15-20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8E0060A8A064F90D55FAA1" box="[159,1875,1223,1321]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A8A064F90B90FAA1" box="[159,406,1223,1321]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">“lithistid cave” Chak El Hatab, Lebanon #080524-Lb2-03</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A9FC64F90808FAA1" box="[451,526,1223,1321]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA0564F90888FAA1" box="[570,654,1223,1321]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">0.3-0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA8B64F90945FAA1" box="[692,835,1223,1321]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
3-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AAD764F90902FB52" bold="true" box="[744,772,1223,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">6.5</emphasis>
|
||
-10 (spherules)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AB5064F909F6FAA1" box="[879,1008,1223,1321]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
47-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95ABA764F909C6FB52" bold="true" box="[920,960,1223,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">68.1</emphasis>
|
||
-82/ 40-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95ABA364DF09C2FB7C" bold="true" box="[924,964,1249,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">57.1</emphasis>
|
||
-72 (spherical to oval)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AC1E64F90EA0FAA1" box="[1057,1190,1223,1321]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
10-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AC7064F90E71FB52" bold="true" box="[1103,1143,1223,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">18.6</emphasis>
|
||
-27
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ACD264F90F7CFAA1" box="[1261,1402,1223,1321]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
370-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AD1F64F90F44FB52" bold="true" box="[1312,1346,1223,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">727</emphasis>
|
||
-900/ 32-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AD1F64DF0F4EFB7C" bold="true" box="[1312,1352,1249,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">47.9</emphasis>
|
||
-60 (N=11)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ADFF64F90C87FAA1" box="[1472,1665,1223,1321]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
80-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE3864F90C2FFB52" bold="true" box="[1543,1577,1223,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">131</emphasis>
|
||
-170/ 80-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE3864DF0C2FFB7C" bold="true" box="[1543,1577,1249,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">237</emphasis>
|
||
-410/ -
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AE8964F90D55FAA1" box="[1718,1875,1223,1321]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
1250-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AED564F90D11FB52" bold="true" box="[1770,1815,1223,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">1868</emphasis>
|
||
-2500/ 15-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AECF64DF0D1EFB7C" bold="true" box="[1776,1816,1249,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">25.8</emphasis>
|
||
-50
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8E0060A8A065770D55FA4C" box="[159,1875,1353,1476]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A8A065770B90FA4C" box="[159,406,1353,1476]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France 193S</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A9FC65770808FA4C" box="[451,526,1353,1476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">6-8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA0565770888FA4C" box="[570,654,1353,1476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">0.3-0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA8B65770945FA4C" box="[692,835,1353,1476]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
3-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AAD26577090FFAD4" bold="true" box="[749,777,1353,1372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">5.8</emphasis>
|
||
-8 (spherasters, irregular)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AB50657709F6FA4C" box="[879,1008,1353,1476]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
47-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95ABA3657709C2FAD4" bold="true" box="[924,964,1353,1372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">51.9</emphasis>
|
||
-58 (spherical, immature)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AC1E65770EA0FA4C" box="[1057,1190,1353,1476]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
10-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AC7065770E71FAD4" bold="true" box="[1103,1143,1353,1372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">15.4</emphasis>
|
||
-25
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ACD265770F7CFA4C" box="[1261,1402,1353,1476]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
500-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AD1F65770F44FAD4" bold="true" box="[1312,1346,1353,1372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">540</emphasis>
|
||
-580/ 17-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AD1F655D0F4EFAFE" bold="true" box="[1312,1352,1379,1398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">22.3</emphasis>
|
||
-30 (N=3)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ADFF65770C87FA4C" box="[1472,1665,1353,1476]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
60-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE3365770C25FAD4" bold="true" box="[1548,1571,1353,1372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">98</emphasis>
|
||
-140/ 80-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE38655D0C2FFAFE" bold="true" box="[1543,1577,1379,1398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">169</emphasis>
|
||
-250/ (N=14) 175-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE2F65A90C34FA22" bold="true" box="[1552,1586,1431,1450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">229</emphasis>
|
||
-300 (N=5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AE8965770D55FA4C" box="[1718,1875,1353,1476]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
900-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AEDA65770D14FAD4" bold="true" box="[1765,1810,1353,1372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">1620</emphasis>
|
||
-2000/ 6-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AED5655D0D17FAFE" bold="true" box="[1770,1809,1379,1398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">15.7</emphasis>
|
||
-22
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8E0060A8A065DA0D55F9CE" box="[159,1875,1508,1606]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A8A065DA0B90F9CE" box="[159,406,1508,1606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal ZMAPOR21653</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060A9FC65DA0808F9CE" box="[451,526,1508,1606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">6-8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA0565DA0888F9CE" box="[570,654,1508,1606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">0.25-0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AA8B65DA0945F9CE" box="[692,835,1508,1606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
5-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AAD765DA0902FA7F" bold="true" box="[744,772,1508,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">8.4</emphasis>
|
||
-15 (spherasters to spherules)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AB5065DA09F6F9CE" box="[879,1008,1508,1606]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
40-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95ABA365DA09C2FA7F" bold="true" box="[924,964,1508,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">42.2</emphasis>
|
||
-46 (spherical, immature)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AC1E65DA0EA0F9CE" box="[1057,1190,1508,1606]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
10-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AC7065DA0E71FA7F" bold="true" box="[1103,1143,1508,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">15.9</emphasis>
|
||
-25
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ACD265DA0F7CF9CE" box="[1261,1402,1508,1606]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
400-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AD1F65DB0F44FA70" bold="true" box="[1312,1346,1509,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">677</emphasis>
|
||
-890/ 12-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AD1F65C00F4EF999" bold="true" box="[1312,1352,1534,1553]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">17.7</emphasis>
|
||
-24
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060ADFF65DA0C87F9CE" box="[1472,1665,1508,1606]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
82-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE3865DA0C2FFA7F" bold="true" box="[1543,1577,1508,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">147</emphasis>
|
||
-237/ 25-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE3365C00C25F999" bold="true" box="[1548,1571,1534,1553]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">93</emphasis>
|
||
-140/ 167-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE2F66260C34F9A3" bold="true" box="[1552,1586,1560,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">234</emphasis>
|
||
-280 (irregular)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8E0060AE8965DA0D55F9CE" box="[1718,1875,1508,1606]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
980-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AEDA65DA0D14FA7F" bold="true" box="[1765,1810,1508,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">1382</emphasis>
|
||
-1700/ 7-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AED565C00D17F999" bold="true" box="[1770,1809,1534,1553]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">13.8</emphasis>
|
||
-22
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF8EFF93AE7266730E2DFADC" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="10" pageNumber="184" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF8EFF95AE7266730D6EF9D7" blockId="10.[1613,1896,1613,1632]" box="[1613,1896,1613,1632]" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8EFF95AE7266730D6EF9D7" box="[1613,1896,1613,1632]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="184">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6629FF8FFF94A8AC62490B6FFD05" box="[147,361,631,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF8FFF94A8AC62490B6FFD05" blockId="11.[147,361,631,653]" box="[147,361,631,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94A8AC62490AF0FD05" bold="true" box="[147,246,631,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF8FFF94A8CB62FD0D26FA78" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<table id="F924C401FF8F0060A8A962FD0D55F984" box="[150,1875,707,1548]" colsContinueFrom="10.[159,1875,702,1606]" gridcols="9" gridrows="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8F0060A8A962FD0D55FC9A" box="[150,1875,707,786]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A8A962FD0B99FC9A" box="[150,415,707,786]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Material</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A9FC62FD0809FC9A" box="[451,527,707,786]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Depth (m)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA0562FD0888FC9A" box="[570,654,707,786]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Cortex thickness (mm)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA8B62FD0945FC9A" box="[692,835,707,786]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Spherasters/ spherules (length)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AB5062FD09F6FC9A" box="[879,1008,707,786]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Sterrasters (length/width)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AC0E62FD0E93FC9A" box="[1073,1173,707,786]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Oxyasters (diameter)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ACD662FD0F79FC9A" box="[1257,1407,707,786]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Dichotriaenes (rhabdome: length/width)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ADFF62FD0C87FC9A" box="[1472,1665,707,786]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Dichotriaenes (proto/ deuteroclades/ ortho clad)</th>
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AE8962FD0D55FC9A" box="[1718,1875,707,786]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Oxeas (length/width)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8F0060A8A963270D55FC0C" box="[150,1875,793,900]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A8A963270B99FC0C" box="[150,415,793,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94A8E363240B50FCC4" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Alboran Sea, field# Sp175</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A9FC63270809FC0C" box="[451,527,793,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94A9FC63240809FCB8" bold="true" box="[451,527,794,816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">102-112</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA0563270888FC0C" box="[570,654,793,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AA6963240875FCB8" bold="true" box="[598,627,794,816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">0.5</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA8B63270945FC0C" box="[692,835,793,900]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AAF26324092BFCE0" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
3.3-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AACF6327090AFCA7" bold="true" box="[752,780,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">6.6</emphasis>
|
||
-13 (spheraster to spherules)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AB50632709F6FC0C" box="[879,1008,793,900]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ABBC632409EBFC0C" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
54-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AB9E632709BEFCA7" bold="true" box="[929,952,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">72</emphasis>
|
||
-82/ 47-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AB9B630B09BDFCC3" bold="true" box="[932,955,821,843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">65</emphasis>
|
||
-77 (spherical to slightly oval)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AC0E63270E93FC0C" box="[1073,1173,793,900]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AC0563240E8BFCB8" bold="true" box="[1082,1165,793,816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
12-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AC6763270E69FCA7" bold="true" box="[1112,1135,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">23</emphasis>
|
||
-36
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ACD663270F79FC0C" box="[1257,1407,793,900]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AD3463240F56FCE0" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">657-690/ 21 (N=2)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ADFF63270C87FC0C" box="[1472,1665,793,900]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ADDC63240C45FCE0" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
152-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE3363270C28FCA7" bold="true" box="[1548,1582,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">172</emphasis>
|
||
-200/ 147-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE2F630B0C34FCC3" bold="true" box="[1552,1586,821,843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">295</emphasis>
|
||
-386 (N=10)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AE8963270D55FC0C" box="[1718,1875,793,900]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE8463240D26FCE0" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
955-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AEDA63270D14FCA7" bold="true" box="[1765,1810,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">1365</emphasis>
|
||
-2120/ 12-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AEC6630B0D16FCC3" bold="true" box="[1785,1808,821,843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">15</emphasis>
|
||
-19 (N=3)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8F0060A8A963980D55FB99" box="[150,1875,934,1041]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A8A963980B99FB99" box="[150,415,934,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94A8A963980B8FFB99" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8FFF94A8A963980B79FC34" authority="Cárdenas & Vacelet & Chevaldonné & Pérez & Xavier, 2018" authorityName="Cárdenas & Vacelet & Chevaldonné & Pérez & Xavier" authorityYear="2018" box="[150,383,934,956]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="185" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caboverdensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94A8A963980B79FC34" bold="true" box="[150,383,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Caminella caboverdensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26357C8FF8FFF94A9BB63990B29FC51" pageId="11" pageNumber="185" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Cape Verde Holotype, RMNH 3810
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A9FC63980809FB99" box="[451,527,934,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94A9E263990BF2FC35" bold="true" box="[477,500,935,957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">75</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA0563980888FB99" box="[570,654,934,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AA6F6399087EFC35" bold="true" box="[592,632,935,957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">0.15</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA8B63980945FB99" box="[692,835,934,1041]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AAED6399092BFC7D" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
2.5-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AAC963980914FC34" bold="true" box="[758,786,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">5.1</emphasis>
|
||
-8 (spherasters to spherules)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AB50639809F6FB99" box="[879,1008,934,1041]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AB41639909E5FC51" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
35-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ABA3639809C2FC34" bold="true" box="[924,964,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">38.8</emphasis>
|
||
-45 (spherical)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AC0E63980E93FB99" box="[1073,1173,934,1041]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AC0863990E96FC35" bold="true" box="[1079,1168,934,957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
8-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AC7563980E77FC34" bold="true" box="[1098,1137,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">18.9</emphasis>
|
||
-42
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ACD663980F79FB99" box="[1257,1407,934,1041]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ACC963990F56FC7D" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
650-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AD1F63980F44FC34" bold="true" box="[1312,1346,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">775</emphasis>
|
||
-900/ 20-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AD1F63FD0F4EFC51" bold="true" box="[1312,1352,963,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">37.5</emphasis>
|
||
-50 (N=4)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ADFF63980C87FB99" box="[1472,1665,934,1041]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ADD663990C45FB99" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
80-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE3863980C2FFC34" bold="true" box="[1543,1577,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">109</emphasis>
|
||
-150/ 50-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE3863FD0C2FFC51" bold="true" box="[1543,1577,963,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">165</emphasis>
|
||
-230/ - (N=13)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AE8963980D55FB99" box="[1718,1875,934,1041]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE8463990D36FC51" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
800-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AEDA63980D14FC34" bold="true" box="[1765,1810,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">1135</emphasis>
|
||
-1525/ 8-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AED563FD0D17FC51" bold="true" box="[1770,1809,963,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">15.1</emphasis>
|
||
-23
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(wavy oxeas)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8F0060A8A9640D0D55FB16" box="[150,1875,1075,1182]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A8A9640D0B99FB16" box="[150,415,1075,1182]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF8FFF94A8A1640D0B4FFBC1" authority="Cárdenas & Vacelet & Chevaldonné & Pérez & Xavier, 2018" authorityName="Cárdenas & Vacelet & Chevaldonné & Pérez & Xavier" authorityYear="2018" box="[158,329,1075,1097]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="185" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pustula" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94A8A1640D0B4FFBC1" bold="true" box="[158,329,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Caminella pustula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26357C8FF8FFF94A970640A0B91FBC2" box="[335,407,1076,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="185" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Hyères Seamount Holotype MNHN-IP-2008-4
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A9FC640D0809FB16" box="[451,527,1075,1182]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">705</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA05640D0888FB16" box="[570,654,1075,1182]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA8B640D0945FB16" box="[692,835,1075,1182]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
4-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AAD2640D090FFBC1" bold="true" box="[749,777,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">6.4</emphasis>
|
||
-8 (spherules)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AB50640D09F6FB16" box="[879,1008,1075,1182]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
88-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ABB2640D09C6FBC1" bold="true" box="[909,960,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">101.5</emphasis>
|
||
-107/ 69-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ABA3647109C2FBED" bold="true" box="[924,964,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">83.8</emphasis>
|
||
-92 (oval)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AC0E640D0E93FB16" box="[1073,1173,1075,1182]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
32-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AC70640D0E71FBC1" bold="true" box="[1103,1143,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">43.5</emphasis>
|
||
-78
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ACD6640D0F79FB16" box="[1257,1407,1075,1182]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">581-1100/ 43-70 (N=2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ADFF640D0C87FB16" box="[1472,1665,1075,1182]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
86-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE38640D0C2FFBC1" bold="true" box="[1543,1577,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">182</emphasis>
|
||
-239/ 140-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE2F64710C34FBED" bold="true" box="[1552,1586,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">457</emphasis>
|
||
-790 (N=19)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AE89640D0D55FB16" box="[1718,1875,1075,1182]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">> 2600/ 20-40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8F0060A8A964FE0D55FA86" box="[150,1875,1216,1294]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A8A964FE0B99FA86" box="[150,415,1216,1294]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Atlantis Seamount paratype MNHN-IP-2008-148</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A9FC64FE0809FA86" box="[451,527,1216,1294]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">545</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA0564FE0888FA86" box="[570,654,1216,1294]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA8B64FE0945FA86" box="[692,835,1216,1294]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
4-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AADA64FE0907FB5E" bold="true" box="[741,769,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">5.9</emphasis>
|
||
-8.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AB5064FE09F6FA86" box="[879,1008,1216,1294]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
90-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ABA464FE09B4FB5E" bold="true" box="[923,946,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">98</emphasis>
|
||
-106/ 76-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ABA364E209C2FB7A" bold="true" box="[924,964,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">82.8</emphasis>
|
||
-88 (oval)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AC0E64FE0E93FA86" box="[1073,1173,1216,1294]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
27-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AC6764FE0E69FB5E" bold="true" box="[1112,1135,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">39</emphasis>
|
||
-51
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ACD664FE0F79FA86" box="[1257,1407,1216,1294]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">797/ 69 (N=1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ADFF64FE0C87FA86" box="[1472,1665,1216,1294]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
205-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE3364FE0C28FB5E" bold="true" box="[1548,1582,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">243</emphasis>
|
||
-296/ 437-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE2F64E20C34FB7A" bold="true" box="[1552,1586,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">525</emphasis>
|
||
-633 (N=4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AE8964FE0D55FA86" box="[1718,1875,1216,1294]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">2685/ 31 (N=1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8F0060A8A9650F0D55FAF7" box="[150,1875,1329,1407]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A8A9650F0B99FAF7" box="[150,415,1329,1407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">Plato Seamount paratype MNHN-IP-2008-149</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A9FC650F0809FAF7" box="[451,527,1329,1407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">735</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA05650F0888FAF7" box="[570,654,1329,1407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA8B650F0945FAF7" box="[692,835,1329,1407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
5-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AAD7650F0902FACF" bold="true" box="[744,772,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">7.5</emphasis>
|
||
-13
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AB50650F09F6FAF7" box="[879,1008,1329,1407]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
82-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ABA4650F09B4FACF" bold="true" box="[923,946,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">95</emphasis>
|
||
-103/ 63-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94ABA3657309C2FAEB" bold="true" box="[924,964,1357,1379]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">72.8</emphasis>
|
||
-84 (oval)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AC0E650F0E93FAF7" box="[1073,1173,1329,1407]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
30-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AC70650F0E71FACF" bold="true" box="[1103,1143,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">40.8</emphasis>
|
||
-51
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ACD6650F0F79FAF7" box="[1257,1407,1329,1407]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">1043/ 75 (N=1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ADFF650F0C87FAF7" box="[1472,1665,1329,1407]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
169-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE33650F0C33FACF" bold="true" box="[1548,1589,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">192-</emphasis>
|
||
202/ 297-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE2F65730C34FAEB" bold="true" box="[1552,1586,1357,1379]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">426</emphasis>
|
||
-493 (N=4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AE89650F0D55FAF7" box="[1718,1875,1329,1407]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">1815-1947/ 22-31 (N=2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351434E3FF8F0060A8A9659F0D55F984" box="[150,1875,1441,1548]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<th id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A8A9659F0B99F984" box="[150,415,1441,1548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">El Cachucho Cantabrian Sea paratype MNCN 1.01/1017</th>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060A9FC659F0809F984" box="[451,527,1441,1548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">660</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA05659F0888F984" box="[570,654,1441,1548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AA8B659F0945F984" box="[692,835,1441,1548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
5-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AAD7659F0902FA3F" bold="true" box="[744,772,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">7.0</emphasis>
|
||
-10 (spherules)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AB50659F09F6F984" box="[879,1008,1441,1548]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
70-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AB9E659F09BEFA3F" bold="true" box="[929,952,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">84</emphasis>
|
||
-91/ 53-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AB9B658309BDFA5B" bold="true" box="[932,955,1469,1491]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">65</emphasis>
|
||
-73 (oval)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AC0E659F0E93F984" box="[1073,1173,1441,1548]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
32-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AC67659F0E69FA3F" bold="true" box="[1112,1135,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">45</emphasis>
|
||
-55
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ACD6659F0F79F984" box="[1257,1407,1441,1548]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">None measured</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060ADFF659F0C87F984" box="[1472,1665,1441,1548]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
70-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE33659F0C25FA3F" bold="true" box="[1548,1571,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">92</emphasis>
|
||
-115/ 108-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AE2F65830C34FA5B" bold="true" box="[1552,1586,1469,1491]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">339</emphasis>
|
||
-452 (N=6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C55D9FFF8F0060AE89659F0D55F984" box="[1718,1875,1441,1548]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">
|
||
1044-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AED5659F0D11FA3F" bold="true" box="[1770,1815,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">1502</emphasis>
|
||
-1737/ 15-
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF8FFF94AEC665830D16FA5B" bold="true" box="[1785,1808,1469,1491]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="185">20</emphasis>
|
||
-25 (N=3)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF88FF93A8F860A60E2DFADC" blockId="12.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">
|
||
The singularity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A99660A90818FF38" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[425,542,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A99660A90818FF38" box="[425,542,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Caminella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sterrasters was foreseen by Topsent (1894) who noted that sterrasters had complex and ornate surfaces. Later Vosmaer (1933, p. 148) very accurately observed that it “appears as if spines of neighboring actins were fused together” but concludes this is probably not the case and that “the truth being that they are only crowded close together”. The unique pattern and microstructures of the sterrasters’ surfaces is revealed here for the first time with SEM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF88FF93AAAB61160903FEC8" box="[660,773,296,320]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionStartId-3="14.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox-0="[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetBox-2="[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetBox-3="[196,1390,193,1949]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetId-3="figure@14.[196,1390,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the ‘Carreiro Maldito’ cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Caminella intuta (TOpsENT, 1892), #13/07/2003-2 from “lithistid” cave, 2–3 m, Chak El Hatab, Lebanon. A. Mature sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. B. Spherules. C. Dichotriaene. Note the sterrasters at the tip of the rhabdome. D. Oxea (same scale as C)." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–D. BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH Por 647), paralectotype of Isops maculosus VOsmAER (1894), Gulf of Naples, 150–200 m. A. Mature sterrasters. B. Close-up of mature sterrasters on hilum. C. Oxyasters. D. Spherasters and spherules. E–G. field# Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102–112 m. E. Mature sterrasters (same scale as A). F. Spherasters (same scale as D). G. Oxyasters (same scale as C)." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Caminella caboverdensis sp. nov., RMNH 3810, holotype. A. Mature sterraster. B. Oxyaster and Spherasters. C. Mature sterrasters and spherasters. D. Holotype (2 fragments)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1454329/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1454331/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1454333/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1454335/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Figs. 4–7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF88FF93AB2A61160923FEC8" box="[789,805,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,193,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[196,1390,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Caminella pustula sp. nov., MNHN-IP-2008-4, holotype. A. Sterrasters. B. Young sterraster. C. Surface of mature sterraster. D. Oxyasters. E. Spherules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454339/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93ABCB61190E6FFEC8" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[1012,1129,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93ABCB61190E6FFEC8" box="[1012,1129,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Caminella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sterrasters is indeed quite different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A97B61720B91FEED" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[324,407,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A97B61720B91FEED" box="[324,407,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sterrasters which have characteristic star shaped structures called ‘rosettes’ (4–8 µm in diameter) which do not fuse with one another, and can be smooth or covered with small warts (Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AD5E614F0F92FE00" box="[1377,1428,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009; Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A97061AB0B87FE25" box="[335,385,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AA3F61AA0873FE25" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[512,629,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AA3F61AA0873FE25" box="[512,629,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Caminella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, actins produce at their tips, small perpendicular bridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF88FF93AD3861AA0F64FE24" box="[1287,1378,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the ‘Carreiro Maldito’ cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454329/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) that reach towards the other actins, creating a complex fused network, which gives first a honeycomb-like structure (especially when observed with an optical microscope) then a brain-like structure when these bridges thicken. Finally, these surfaces are covered with small warts. Interestingly, all cave specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF88FF93AC60623E0EA5FD90" box="[1119,1187,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1373,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the ‘Carreiro Maldito’ cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454329/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) except the ones from Lebanon have immature sterrasters, which are very similar to immature sterrasters observed in shallow-water
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A8A862760B0CFDE8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,266,584,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Geodiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Norway:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A9A162790944FDE8" authority="Sollas, 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[414,834,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Pachymatisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="normani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A9A1627908AAFDE8" box="[414,684,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Pachymatisma normani</emphasis>
|
||
Sollas, 1888
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AB4162790F04FDE8" authority="Bowerbank, 1858" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1858" box="[894,1282,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="barretti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AB4162790E29FDE8" box="[894,1071,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Geodia barretti</emphasis>
|
||
Bowerbank, 1858
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF88FF93AD2F62760B13FD0C" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" refId="ref10181" refString="REdmONd, N. E., MORROW, C. C., ThAckER, R. W., DIAz, M. C., BOuRy-EsNAuLT, N., CaRdENAs, P., HAjdu, E., LobO-HAjdu, G., PIcTON, B. E., POmpONI, S. A., KAyAL, E. & COLLINs, A. G. (2013) PhyLOgENy ANd SysTEmATIcs OF DEmOspONgIAE IN LIghT OF NEW SmALL SubuNIT RIbOsOmAL DNA (18 S) SEquENcEs. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53, 388 - 415." type="journal article">Cárdenas & Rapp 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF88FF93A91862520838FD0C" box="[295,574,620,644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" refId="ref10181" refString="REdmONd, N. E., MORROW, C. C., ThAckER, R. W., DIAz, M. C., BOuRy-EsNAuLT, N., CaRdENAs, P., HAjdu, E., LobO-HAjdu, G., PIcTON, B. E., POmpONI, S. A., KAyAL, E. & COLLINs, A. G. (2013) PhyLOgENy ANd SysTEmATIcs OF DEmOspONgIAE IN LIghT OF NEW SmALL SubuNIT RIbOsOmAL DNA (18 S) SEquENcEs. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53, 388 - 415." type="journal article">Cárdenas & Rapp (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesize that the lower silica concentration in shallow waters is primarily responsible for the immature sterrasters and we may contemplate a similar hypothesis for most cave specimens, which are also amongst the shallowest specimens (6–8 m). Disrupted spiculogenesis is particularly important in the cave specimen from Berlengas, Portugal, where the sterrasters are the smallest (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A6031AFF88FF93AC1662E90E86FD78" box="[1065,1152,727,752]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[147,224,571,591]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual spicule dimensions (µm) and cortex thickness (mm) for specimens of Caminella collected at different depths across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. In bold are specimens measured in this study. N=25 unless stated otherwise between parentheses, or unless measurements come from other studies; means are presented in italics; other values are ranges; - = not referred." pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) and dichotriaenes quite irregular. On the contrary, the Lebanese specimens have larger and fully mature sterrasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF88FF93AD3162C20F5CFC9D" box="[1294,1370,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Caminella intuta (TOpsENT, 1892), #13/07/2003-2 from “lithistid” cave, 2–3 m, Chak El Hatab, Lebanon. A. Mature sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. B. Spherules. C. Dichotriaene. Note the sterrasters at the tip of the rhabdome. D. Oxea (same scale as C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454331/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) and significantly thicker spicules (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A6031AFF88FF93A9DA6321083CFCB0" box="[485,570,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[147,224,571,591]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual spicule dimensions (µm) and cortex thickness (mm) for specimens of Caminella collected at different depths across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. In bold are specimens measured in this study. N=25 unless stated otherwise between parentheses, or unless measurements come from other studies; means are presented in italics; other values are ranges; - = not referred." pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), which may be linked to higher availability of dissolved silica. Interestingly, the cave where the specimens were collected was densely populated by two species of lithistids (Pérez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AD2A637B0F40FCD5" box="[1301,1350,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004), which may support this hypothesis, since lithistids have higher needs of silica than other demosponges. Spicule variations between Mediterranean caves have already been observed for the lithistid tetractinellid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AD3463B20B18FC40" authorityName="Pisera & Vacelet" authorityYear="2011" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AD3463B20B18FC40" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Discodermia polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pisera & Vacelet 2011) but in none of those cases did it seem clear that this species was lacking silica. Shallow-water
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A97C63EB0BA1FC64" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[323,423,981,1004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A97C63EB0BA1FC64" box="[323,423,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
living outside caves and slightly deeper (25–40 m) still have immature sterrasters. Only deeper specimens (>100 m) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A24FF88FF93A9D863C60836FB98" box="[487,560,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[215,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–D. BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH Por 647), paralectotype of Isops maculosus VOsmAER (1894), Gulf of Naples, 150–200 m. A. Mature sterrasters. B. Close-up of mature sterrasters on hilum. C. Oxyasters. D. Spherasters and spherules. E–G. field# Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102–112 m. E. Mature sterrasters (same scale as A). F. Spherasters (same scale as D). G. Oxyasters (same scale as C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1454333/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), living in waters where silica availability is usually higher, share the same mature sterrasters as the cave specimens from Lebanon. This is in accordance with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93ACBE64220EFEFBBC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1153,1272,1052,1076]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Geodiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where mature sterrasters are usually found below 40 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF88FF93AA54647E097CFBD0" box="[619,890,1088,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" refId="ref10181" refString="REdmONd, N. E., MORROW, C. C., ThAckER, R. W., DIAz, M. C., BOuRy-EsNAuLT, N., CaRdENAs, P., HAjdu, E., LobO-HAjdu, G., PIcTON, B. E., POmpONI, S. A., KAyAL, E. & COLLINs, A. G. (2013) PhyLOgENy ANd SysTEmATIcs OF DEmOspONgIAE IN LIghT OF NEW SmALL SubuNIT RIbOsOmAL DNA (18 S) SEquENcEs. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53, 388 - 415." type="journal article">Cárdenas & Rapp 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The cortical spheraster morphology also seems to be affected by environmental parameters, possibly silica availability: in cave specimens with immature sterrasters, spherasters are irregular, with small centers, and therefore few spherules; deep-sea specimens have more regular spherasters with larger centers (thus hiding the actins and making spherules); Lebanese specimens reach the extreme of having only spherules, probably indicative of high silica availability. To conclude, ectocortical microsclere morphology seems to be influenced by silica availability, such as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AC6E64CB0ED6FA84" box="[1105,1232,1269,1292]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Pachymatisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="normani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AC6E64CB0ED6FA84" box="[1105,1232,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">P. normani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93ADBB64CB0AEDFAB8" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1858" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="barretti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93ADBB64CB0AEDFAB8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">G. barretti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF88FF93A8C36526081FFAB8" box="[252,537,1304,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" refId="ref10181" refString="REdmONd, N. E., MORROW, C. C., ThAckER, R. W., DIAz, M. C., BOuRy-EsNAuLT, N., CaRdENAs, P., HAjdu, E., LobO-HAjdu, G., PIcTON, B. E., POmpONI, S. A., KAyAL, E. & COLLINs, A. G. (2013) PhyLOgENy ANd SysTEmATIcs OF DEmOspONgIAE IN LIghT OF NEW SmALL SubuNIT RIbOsOmAL DNA (18 S) SEquENcEs. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53, 388 - 415." type="journal article">Cárdenas & Rapp 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We wonder whether this means that microscleres in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93ACA465260EFCFAB8" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1179,1274,1304,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erylinae">Erylinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AD3165260AF0FADC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AD3165260F7EFAB8" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1294,1400,1304,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">C. intuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93ADB865270AF0FADC" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Pachymatisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="normani">P. normani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and Geodinae have different origins and/or spiculogenesis mechanisms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF88FF92A8F8655F0E77FE94" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF88FF93A8F8655F0AF6F8A0" blockId="12.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">
|
||
Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A93F655E0B74FAF0" ID-CoL="3FP96" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1858" box="[256,370,1375,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="barretti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A93F655E0B74FAF0" box="[256,370,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">G. barretti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A997655F0824FAF0" ID-CoL="4BSR2" box="[424,546,1377,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Pachymatisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="normani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A997655F0824FAF0" box="[424,546,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">P. normani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AA10655E0896FAF0" ID-CoL="5WX26" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[559,656,1376,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AA10655E0896FAF0" box="[559,656,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a deep-sea species that manages to survive in shallow-waters, despite lacking silica most of the time. Actually,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AAEC65BB093EFA14" ID-CoL="5WX26" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[723,824,1413,1436]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AAEC65BB093EFA14" box="[723,824,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like several other Mediterranean tetractinellids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A8A865970817FA48" ID-CoL="76GYC" authority="(Schmidt, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,529,1447,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A8A865970B4EFA48" box="[151,328,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Penares helleri</emphasis>
|
||
(Schmidt, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AA1A659709B9FA48" ID-CoL="76GXZ" authority="(Schmidt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[549,959,1447,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="euastrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AA1A659708F3FA48" box="[549,757,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Penares euastrum</emphasis>
|
||
(Schmidt, 1868)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93ABEC65990EA6FA48" ID-CoL="3FP9Y" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[979,1184,1447,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cydonium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93ABEC65990EA6FA48" box="[979,1184,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Geodia cydonium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L., 1767),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AD0765960BB7FA6D" ID-CoL="5WX24" authority="(Schmidt, 1862)" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vulcani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AD0765960AECFA6D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Caminus vulcani</emphasis>
|
||
(Schmidt, 1862)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A9FE65F209AEFA6D" ID-CoL="Q4QW" authority="(Schmidt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[449,936,1484,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pathologica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A9FE65F208E6FA6D" box="[449,736,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Calthropella pathologica</emphasis>
|
||
(Schmidt, 1868)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AB8865F20F2EFA6C" ID-CoL="56N3Q" authority="(Carter, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[951,1320,1484,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thrombidae" genus="Thrombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AB8865F20E7FFA6D" box="[951,1145,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Thrombus abyssi</emphasis>
|
||
(Carter, 1873)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AD0765F20B7FF980" ID-CoL="5TVZW" authority="Carter, 1879" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1879" class="Demospongiae" family="Thoosidae" genus="Alectona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AD0765F20AE5F980" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Alectona millari</emphasis>
|
||
Carter, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A9BA65D108A2F980" ID-CoL="36TDQ" authorityName="Pisera & Vacelet" authorityYear="2011" box="[389,676,1519,1544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A9BA65D108A2F980" box="[389,676,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Discodermia polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pisera & Vacelet, 2011,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AB8365D10ADEF9A5" authority="(Johnson, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Demospongiae" family="Corallistidae" genus="Neoschrammeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bowerbanki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AB8365D10F2EF980" box="[956,1320,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Neoschrammeniella bowerbanki</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF88FF93AD0A65CE0AD6F9A5" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" refId="ref9555" refString="JOhNsON, J. Y. (1863) DEscRIpTION OF A NEW sILIcEOus spONgE FROm ThE cOAsT OF MAdEIRA. Proceedings Zoological Society London, 3, 257 - 259." type="journal article">Johnson, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93A930662A0869F9A5" ID-CoL="46Q9Z" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[271,623,1556,1581]" class="Demospongiae" family="Corallistidae" genus="Neophrissospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nolitangere">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93A930662A0869F9A5" box="[271,623,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">Neophrissospongia nolitangere</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schmidt, 1870)) (Pisera & Vacelet 2011;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B50FF88FF93AC70662A0F07F9A4" box="[1103,1281,1556,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" refId="ref10148" refString="POuLIquEN, L. (1972) LEs spONgIAIREs dEs gROTTEs sOus-mARINEs dE LA REgION dE MARsEILLE: EcOLOgIE ET sysTEmATIquE. Tethys, 3 (4), 717 - 758." type="journal article">Pouliquen 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are typically found from marine caves to the deep sea. Currently, we do not have enough data from either population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF88FF93AD0566060F9AF9D8" ID-CoL="5WX26" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1338,1436,1592,1616]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF88FF93AD0566060F9AF9D8" box="[1338,1436,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to assess the connectivity between shallow and deep populations. However, Vosmaer (1933) did note differences between his deeper specimens and the shallower specimens of Topsent and Lendenfeld, especially the absence of raised openings and surrounding dark rings around them. Our morphological observations confirm there are differences in external morphology: the deep specimens (from the Alboran Sea and Gulf of Naples) share the same dull color, the absence of a brown ring around the openings, and openings without walls and very small pores (20– 50 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF88FF92A8F8670B0E77FE94" blockId="12.[151,1438,151,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="12" pageNumber="186">
|
||
The significantly different 28S from one of the Cosquer Cave specimen (5 bp difference) is rather surprising since the Lebanese and Portuguese specimens have identical 28S. These underwater caves are only 20,000 years old (before, they were above water) so we doubt it could be due to a speciation event. Either i) the population that colonized this cave originated from a very different population than the ones present in Portugal and Lebanon (maybe from the deep sea) or ii) we sequenced a variant of 28S in this species, since intragenomic 28S polymorphism has been observed in some demosponges (Plotkin
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92AB4B60A709A3FF38" box="[884,933,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017). Unfortunately, we did not manage to sequence COI from the Cosquer Cave specimens, but the morphology clearly suggests it is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF89FF92AC8F60830F15FF5C" ID-CoL="5WX26" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1200,1299,189,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92AC8F60830F15FF5C" box="[1200,1299,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. More cave and deep-sea specimens need to be examined and sequenced, especially for a population genetics study that should unveil the genetic ties between the marine cave, mesophotic zone and deep populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E652AFF89FF92A8F861160B09FD20" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A1FF89FF92A8F861160B09FD20" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">
|
||
We noticed that the surface of the sterrasters of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF89FF92AB7D611709CDFEC8" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[834,971,297,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92AB7D611709CDFEC8" box="[834,971,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">Isops intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ specimen from the Balgim expedition (Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92A97361730B78FEED" box="[332,382,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1994, fig. 112e–f) was not typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF89FF92AB02617209B7FEED" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" box="[829,945,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Caminella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92AB02617209B7FEED" box="[829,945,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">Caminella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two tiny Balgim specimens (3 mm in diameter), dredged off Morocco at 1510 m, clearly have sterrasters with rosettes typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF89FF92ACDB61510F31FE00" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[1252,1335,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92ACDB61510F31FE00" box="[1252,1335,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Furthermore, we examined three slides (2 spicule preparations and 1 piece of cortex) from Balgim specimen CP63– 185. This specimen has i) slightly asymmetrical oxeas (versus symmetrical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF89FF92ACB061860EFBFE58" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1167,1277,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92ACB061860EFBFE58" box="[1167,1277,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ii) shorter proto+deuteroclades, iii) presence of several anatriaenes and one protriaene (overlooked by the authors), but iv) we could not find the spherasters (although they are claimed to be present), instead we found v) smaller oxyasters (8– 12
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92A885621B0B04FDB4" box="[186,258,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">versus</emphasis>
|
||
10–40 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF89FF92A94C621B0BD0FDB4" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[371,470,549,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92A94C621B0BD0FDB4" box="[371,470,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with a different morphology than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF89FF92AB42621B09E6FDB4" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[893,992,549,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92AB42621B09E6FDB4" box="[893,992,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">C. intuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92ACA4621B0ECAFDB5" box="[1179,1228,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1994, fig. 112d), the oxyasters are more spiny, especially at the tip of the actins. To conclude, we are sure that the Balgim specimens have been misidentified and are a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D22FF89FF92AA2362520869FD0D" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[540,623,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB3FF89FF92AA2362520869FD0D" box="[540,623,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="187">Geodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., probably a juvenile, which might explain the rarity of sterrasters in the cortex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |