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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788691" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7faaa125-e85b-4e6a-839f-369f3baa5964" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163755212" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788691" approvalRequired="285" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="285" checkinTime="1588001517772" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gall, Lawrence &amp; Hawks, David" docDate="2010" docId="038D2962FF8D1B095EE0FBC9FE43FBFD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2167.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 39 (39)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3faabf8c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Catocala praeclara subsp. manitoba Beutenmuller 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFB4511AFF9B1B115E6CFF95FFCAFFF0" masterDocTitle="Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="37" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1643559085965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gall, Lawrence</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Yale University, New Haven ,,</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hawks, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of California, Riverside ,, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2010-03-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>39</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>39</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>37</mods:start>
<mods:end>83</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.39.425</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">7faaa125-e85b-4e6a-839f-369f3baa5964</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576632</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788691" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163755212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788691" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D2962FF8D1B095EE0FBC9FE43FBFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8D1B095EE0FBC9FE43FBFD" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,805,1116,1179]" box="[140,805,1116,1143]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<heading box="[140,805,1116,1143]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,805,1116,1143]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authority="Beutenmuller" authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[140,712,1116,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="praeclara" subSpecies="manitoba">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,366,1116,1143]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Catocala praeclara</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[424,540,1116,1143]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">manitoba</emphasis>
Beutenmüller
</taxonomicName>
, stat. n.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,805,1116,1179]" box="[140,348,1152,1179]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
Fig. 26 (
<typeStatus box="[234,340,1152,1179]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">lectotype</typeStatus>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,767,1222,1355]" box="[140,623,1222,1249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,623,1222,1249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<treatmentCitation author="Beutenmuller W" box="[140,623,1222,1249]" page="54" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" year="1908">
<taxonomicName authority="Beutenmuller, 1908: 54" authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1908" box="[140,623,1222,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[140,346,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Catocala manitoba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Beutenmuller W" box="[354,623,1222,1249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" pagination="54 - 55" refId="ref16932" refString="Beutenmuller W (1908) Description of a new Catocala. Entomological News 19: 54 - 55." type="journal article" year="1908">Beutenmüller, 1908: 54</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,767,1222,1355]" box="[140,767,1258,1284]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,767,1258,1284]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[140,346,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[140,346,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Catocala manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Barnes W &amp; McDunnough J" box="[361,767,1258,1284]" page="41" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation author="Barnes W &amp; McDunnough J" box="[361,767,1258,1284]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref16743" refString="Barnes W, McDunnough J (1918) Illustrations of the North American species of the genus Catocala. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 3: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1918">Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 41</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,767,1222,1355]" box="[140,650,1293,1320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,650,1293,1320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[140,346,1293,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[140,346,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Catocala manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation author="McDunnough JH" box="[361,650,1293,1319]" page="118" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough JH" box="[361,650,1293,1319]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 275" refId="ref18138" refString="McDunnough JH (1938) Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part I. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1: 1 - 275." type="journal article" year="1938">McDunnough 1938: 118</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,767,1222,1355]" box="[140,745,1328,1355]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,745,1328,1355]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[140,346,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[140,346,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Catocala manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Franclemont JG &amp; Todd EL" box="[361,745,1328,1354]" page="129" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG &amp; Todd EL" box="[361,745,1328,1354]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" pagination="120 - 159" refId="ref17467" refString="Franclemont JG, Todd EL (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges RW (Ed) Check list of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico. University Press, Cambidge, 120 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1983">Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,1398,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,314,1398,1425]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis box="[140,198,1399,1425]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
material.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[324,534,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[324,534,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Catocala manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the original description states “Types. -- Collections: American Museum of Natural History, Rutgers College, and George J. Keller.” There are seven types at the
<collectionCode box="[464,559,1469,1495]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">AMNH</collectionCode>
, and a male is designated as
<emphasis bold="true" box="[889,998,1469,1495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus box="[889,998,1469,1495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
to clarify application of the name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[417,521,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[417,521,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Th e
<typeStatus box="[587,689,1504,1530]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">lectotype</typeStatus>
bears the labels “Cartwright /
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
, Canadian / E. F. Heath / VIII 22 07”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “
<taxonomicName box="[988,1089,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catocala</taxonomicName>
/ manitoba / Beuten.” Beutenmüller considered
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[672,811,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[672,811,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">C. manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely related to
<taxonomicName authority="Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866" authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">C. praeclara</emphasis>
Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation author="Barnes W &amp; McDunnough J" box="[571,1009,1610,1636]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref16743" refString="Barnes W, McDunnough J (1918) Illustrations of the North American species of the genus Catocala. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 3: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1918">Barnes and McDunnough (1918: 41)</bibRefCitation>
felt this “duller and darker-colored form” might “merely be a geographical race” of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" box="[1002,1100,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis box="[1002,1100,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">praeclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[140,923,91,115]" lastBlockId="23.[140,1108,1558,1676]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">
60
<emphasis box="[324,923,92,114]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">Lawrence F. Gall &amp; David C. Hawks / ZooKeys 39: 37–83 (2010)</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,305,1558,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">Figures 25–32.</emphasis>
Type specimens of
<taxonomicName box="[505,583,1558,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[505,583,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">Catocala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<specimenCount box="[599,721,1558,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" type="generic" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[599,625,1558,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">25</emphasis>
lectotype
</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Hulst, 1884" authorityName="Hulst" authorityYear="1884" box="[735,971,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maestosa">
<emphasis box="[735,843,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">C. maestosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Hulst GD" box="[854,971,1558,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" pagination="14 - 56" refId="ref17953" refString="Hulst GD (1884) The genus Catocala. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 7: 14 - 56." type="journal article" year="1884">Hulst, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount box="[981,1104,1558,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" type="generic" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[981,1007,1558,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">26</emphasis>
lectotype
</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Beutenmuller, 1908" authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[140,444,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[140,253,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">C. manitoba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Beutenmuller W" box="[259,444,1590,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" pagination="54 - 55" refId="ref16932" refString="Beutenmuller W (1908) Description of a new Catocala. Entomological News 19: 54 - 55." type="journal article" year="1908">Beutenmüller, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount box="[450,569,1590,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" type="generic" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[450,476,1590,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">27</emphasis>
lectotype
</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName authority="H. Edwards, 1881" authorityName="H. Edwards" authorityYear="1881" box="[578,860,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">
<emphasis box="[578,682,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">C. miranda</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation author="Edwards H" box="[720,860,1590,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" pagination="115 - 122" refId="ref17404" refString="Edwards H (1881) Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera. Papilio 1: 115 - 122." type="journal article" year="1881">Edwards, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount box="[866,984,1590,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" type="generic" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[866,892,1590,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">28</emphasis>
lectotype
</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Dodge, 1875" authorityName="Dodge" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebraskae">
<emphasis box="[994,1108,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">C. nebraskae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Dodge GM" box="[140,263,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" pagination="2" refId="ref17185" refString="Dodge GM (1875) Catocala nebraskae Dodge. Canadian Entomologist 7: 2." type="journal article" year="1875">Dodge, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount box="[269,388,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" type="generic" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[269,295,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">29</emphasis>
lectotype
</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName authority="H. Edwards, 1880" authorityName="H. Edwards" authorityYear="1880" box="[398,661,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nerissa">
<emphasis box="[398,483,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">C. nerissa</emphasis>
H. Edwards, 1880
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount box="[668,786,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" type="generic" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[668,694,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">30</emphasis>
lectotype
</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Beutenmuller, 1907" authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1907" box="[796,1107,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
<emphasis box="[796,916,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">C. nevadensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Beutenmuller W" box="[922,1107,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" pagination="935 - 940" refId="ref16908" refString="Beutenmuller W (1907) New forms of Catocala. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 23: 935 - 940." type="journal article" year="1907">Beutenmüller, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,166,1654,1676]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">3Ι</emphasis>
<typeStatus box="[172,258,1654,1676]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, [1858]" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[268,511,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuptula">
<emphasis box="[268,365,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">C. nuptula</emphasis>
Walker, [1858]
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount box="[517,635,1654,1676]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" type="generic" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[517,543,1654,1676]" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">32</emphasis>
lectotype
</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, [1858]" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[645,871,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nurus">
<emphasis box="[645,722,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="60">C. nurus</emphasis>
Walker, [1858]
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="60">25 26 27 29 3Ι 28 30 32 I cm</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[140,1108,167,1037]" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">
Beutenmüller described the forewings of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[613,753,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[613,753,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as generally more concolorous and less lustrous than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" box="[386,517,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis box="[386,517,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. praeclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a reduced basal dash “scarcely extending to the middle of the basal area, sometimes absent” (a basal dash is a prominent characteristic of eastern
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" box="[260,394,272,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis box="[260,394,272,299]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. praeclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations). At that time, there was an apparent geographic disjunction between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[376,513,307,334]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[376,513,307,334]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which had only been recorded from Manitoba, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" box="[140,272,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis box="[140,272,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. praeclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was known from the eastern coast of the
<collectingCountry box="[827,882,343,369]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">USA</collectingCountry>
and maritime
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Canada</collectingCountry>
. Specimens referable to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[460,599,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[460,599,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are now known from over forty localities in
<collectingRegion box="[140,226,413,439]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Alberta</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[241,400,413,439]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[416,530,413,439]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[545,667,413,439]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[683,807,413,439]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[822,991,413,439]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
, northern
<collectingRegion box="[140,303,448,474]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
and northern
<collectingRegion box="[478,594,448,474]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
. Similarly, populations of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" box="[906,1004,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis box="[906,1004,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">praeclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are now known from throughout the Great Lakes region, and then eastward to the seacoast. Individuals lacking a basal dash occur sporadically throughout the entire range of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. praeclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(more frequently in
<collectingRegion box="[476,588,554,580]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Michigan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[600,719,554,580]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion box="[777,901,554,580]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
, and the southern
<collectingCountry box="[140,198,589,615]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">USA</collectingCountry>
; see above under account for
<taxonomicName authority="Brou, 1988" authorityName="Brou" authorityYear="1988" box="[529,808,589,616]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charlottae">
<emphasis box="[529,668,589,616]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. charlottae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Brou VA" box="[675,808,589,616]" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" pagination="116 - 119" refId="ref17009" refString="Brou VA (1988) A new species of Catocala from the southeast United States. Journal of The Lepidopterists' Society 42: 116 - 119." type="journal article" year="1988">Brou, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), and the same individuals that lack the basal dash often have less iridescent and/or more concolorous forewings. A
<typeStatus box="[165,262,660,686]" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[297,434,659,686]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[297,434,659,686]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<collectionCode box="[513,585,660,686]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">ANSP</collectionCode>
has a prominent basal dash and markings otherwise consistent with nominate
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" box="[519,652,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis box="[519,652,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. praeclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lacking only the lustrous scaling. Beutenmüller also stated that the two medial teeth of the postmedian forewing line were of nearly equal size in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" box="[399,533,765,792]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis box="[399,533,765,792]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. praeclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and unequal in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[732,871,765,792]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[732,871,765,792]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this distinction does not hold over the broader distributions now known. Because these several traits vary inconsistently over a widespread area, and covary to a certain extent, particularly in the geographic sampling gap of Beutenmüller’s time, we treat
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[866,1004,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">
<emphasis box="[866,1004,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. manitoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName authority="Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866 Populations" authorityName="Grote &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1866" box="[254,823,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeclara">
<emphasis box="[254,387,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">C. praeclara</emphasis>
Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866 Populations
</taxonomicName>
to the west and north of
<collectingRegion box="[140,261,941,967]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
most consistently and uniformly display the characteristics ascribed to
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">
C. p.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beutenmuller" authorityYear="1908" box="[168,272,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitoba">manitoba</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Type Locality: restricted to Cartwright,
<collectingRegion box="[736,850,976,1002]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
, [
<collectingCountry box="[868,960,976,1003]" name="Canada" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">Canada</collectingCountry>
] on the basis of the
<typeStatus box="[213,315,1011,1037]" pageId="24" pageNumber="61">lectotype</typeStatus>
labels.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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