265 lines
36 KiB
XML
265 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="C4BC32DEA3E9B3441B4F504349ECC331" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057828" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625188528868" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Samaai, Toufiek, Gibbons, Mark J. & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2006" docId="038D1B08137DFF9CFED7F96F3711FBE4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01127p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1127 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1127.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) multirotalis Topsent 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFB46370135EFFB9FFDFFFBE3668F90A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698982629527" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="344051B8CA91BD0164F1A08C47F60AD3">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="15CE65CD0096857D8B7F892EFABA5FB2">Gibbons, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4C96EE919AFCD342CA8FC650E6DFA2B">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4A8681C42B1116F7FA6A30C69E5F0F64">2006</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137DFF9AFED7F96F35E2FFE1" box="[264,906,1745,1771]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137DFF9AFED7F96F35E2FFE1" blockId="35.[264,906,1745,1806]" box="[264,906,1745,1771]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0D31D72137DFF9AFED7F96F35E2FFE1" bold="true" box="[264,906,1745,1771]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFED7F96F35E2FFE1" ID-CoL="3SLYM" authority="Topsent, 1905" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[264,906,1745,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis" subGenus="Latrunculia">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFED7F96F35E2FFE1" bold="true" box="[264,906,1745,1771]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFED7F96F34B0FFE1" bold="true" box="[264,728,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) multirotalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137DFF9AFD00F96F35E2FFE1" author="Topsent, E." box="[735,906,1745,1771]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref37023" refString="Topsent, E. (1905) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats Des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1905">Topsent, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137DFF9AFED7F94A3402FE04" box="[264,618,1780,1806]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137DFF9AFED7F94A3402FE04" blockId="35.[264,906,1745,1806]" box="[264,618,1780,1806]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B137DFF9AFECFF94A3719FE04" box="[272,369,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 1H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B137DFF9AFEA1F94A37E7FE04" box="[382,399,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B137DFF9AFE43F94A37D5FE04" box="[412,445,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[264,367,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,326,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-58@17.[267,1320,326,1684]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; C. Latrunculia biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; D. Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; E. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887; F. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057832/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">4F</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137DFF9AFE15F94A3444FE04" box="[458,556,1780,1806]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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&
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137DFF9AFD8DF94A3409FE04" box="[594,609,1780,1806]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3</tableCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137DFF9AFED7F88A3732FE61" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137DFF9AFED7F88A3732FE61" blockId="35.[264,1323,1844,1899]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB348D30137DFF9AFED7F88A3732FE61" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A858C0F137DFF9AFED7F88A34D5FE41" author="Topsent, E." box="[264,701,1844,1867]" page="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFED7F88A34D5FE41" ID-CoL="3SLYM" authority="Topsent 1905: 8" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1905" box="[264,701,1844,1867]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFED7F88A3460FE41" box="[264,520,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Latrunculia multirotalis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137DFF9AFDD0F88A34D5FE41" author="Topsent, E." box="[527,701,1844,1867]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref37023" refString="Topsent, E. (1905) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats Des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1905">Topsent 1905: 8</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFD15F88A35A1FE41" ID-CoL="3SLYM" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[714,969,1844,1867]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFD15F88A35A1FE41" box="[714,969,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Latrunculia multirotalis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A858C0F137DFF9AFC07F88A32CAFE41" author="Topsent, E." box="[984,1186,1844,1867]" page="222" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137DFF9AFC07F88A32CAFE41" author="Topsent, E." box="[984,1186,1844,1867]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref37089" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediteranee provenant de croisieres du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Resultats Des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 74, 376 pp., 11 pls." type="book" year="1928">Topsent 1928: 222</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, PL. VII, FIG. 19.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137AFF9DFED7FEA534BAF851" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137AFF9DFED7FEA534BAF851" blockId="36.[264,1324,283,1867]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4CA043137AFF9DFED7FEA534BAF851" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="L. B. I. M. No" country="Indonesia" elevation="1229" location="Flores" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFED7FEA53790F83F" bold="true" box="[264,504,283,309]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<typeStatus id="549F14BC137AFF9DFED7FEA53712F83F" box="[264,378,283,309]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED3532DB137AFF9DFDCDFEA3340CF83E" box="[530,612,285,308]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">MNHN</collectionCode>
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<collectorName id="26D1CFC8137AFF9DFDB0FEA33490F83E" box="[623,760,285,308]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">L.B.I.M. No</collectorName>
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D.CL. 1265, spicule slide, W. de
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<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E137AFF9DFB5AFEA332A0F83E" box="[1157,1224,285,308]" name="Indonesia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Florès</collectingCountry>
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(Central Atlantic Azores), stn 2210; depth
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<quantity id="4CDC07FB137AFF9DFDA5FEFA34A6F851" box="[634,718,324,347]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.229" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1229.0">
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<elevation id="00094D2D137AFF9DFDA5FEFA34A6F851" box="[634,718,324,347]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.229" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1229.0">1229 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137AFF9DFEE7FED73546FC11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137AFF9DFEE7FED735D3F8D9" blockId="36.[264,1324,283,1867]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
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<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFEE7FED737B8F889" bold="true" box="[312,464,361,387]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description.</emphasis>
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Small encrusting sponge 2 x 2 x
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||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137AFF9DFC84FED735FCF889" box="[859,916,361,387]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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diameter. Surface smooth, slightly wrinkled, without distinct openings. Texture unknown. Colour in life unknown; in preservative light brownish olive unknown
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<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFCD9FE073578F8D9" bold="true" box="[774,784,441,467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">(</emphasis>
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||
after Topsent
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<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFC75FE0735D3F8D9" bold="true" box="[938,955,441,467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">).</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137AFF9DFEE7FE5F34EAFB79" blockId="36.[264,1324,283,1867]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFEE7FE5F37C2F8F1" bold="true" box="[312,426,481,507]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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The choanosomal skeleton consists of styles arranged in a wispy polygonalmeshed reticulation (
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B137AFF9DFE21FDB73431FB29" box="[510,601,521,547]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[264,367,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,326,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-58@17.[267,1320,326,1684]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; C. Latrunculia biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; D. Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; E. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887; F. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
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). The ectosomal skeleton consists of a paratangential layer of styles with a palisade of erect anisodiscorhabds on the surface. These are also scattered in the choanosome (after Topsent).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137AFF9DFEE7FD3F3201FDA9" blockId="36.[264,1324,283,1867]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFEE7FD3F37CEFB91" bold="true" box="[312,422,641,667]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Spicules.</emphasis>
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The megascleres are smooth, often slightly polytylote styles, centrally thickened, fusiform and straight, 342 (309–364) x 11 (11) m, n=20. Microscleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B137AFF9DFB24FD173746FBE1" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
|
||
): anisodiscorhabds are long and hold several spined whorls. The manubrium does not have an expanded, candelabrumlike base, but keeps the form of a straight stem,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137AFF9DFB11FD473343FA19" box="[1230,1323,761,787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick, armoured with a basal whorl which consists of three horizontal whorls of spines followed by a smooth slender, cylindrical shaft
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137AFF9DFC95FCF735E2FA69" box="[842,906,841,867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137AFF9DFBD8FCF7322FFA69" box="[1031,1095,841,867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The median whorl is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137AFF9DFEADFCCF3784FA81" box="[370,492,881,907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="44.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="43.0">43–45 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and composed of five spines spread out horizontally and divided into three groups, which give eight sets for each of them, and is the largest of the whorls. The subsidiary whorl is slanted upwards. The serrated margins of the median and subsidiary whorls are microspined. The shaft, which thickens between the two discs, fades progressively becoming thinner towards the apical whorl, and having either three, four or even five supplementary subsidiary whorls along the shaft. The apical whorl resembles a small coup edged with teeth and blunt terminally spined cylindrical spines appearing somewhat crownlike. Anisodiscorhabd length, 142 (117–186) µm, n=20.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137AFF9DFEE7FB0F37E0FDF9" blockId="36.[264,1324,283,1867]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFEE7FB0F357FFDC1" bold="true" box="[312,791,1201,1227]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Substratum, depth range and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Found in on muddy environment at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137AFF9DFEF7FB6737ECFDF9" box="[296,388,1241,1267]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.229" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1229.0">1229 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137AFF9DFEE7FABF3546FC11" blockId="36.[264,1324,283,1867]" box="[312,814,1281,1307]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFEE7FABF340DFC11" bold="true" box="[312,613,1281,1307]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B137AFF9DFDA9FABF34D3FC11" box="[630,699,1281,1307]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E064FC137AFF9DFD04FABF3546FC11" box="[731,814,1281,1307]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF995137AFF9CFEE7FA973711FBE4" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137AFF9DFEE7FA97324DFF88" blockId="36.[264,1324,283,1867]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFEE7FA9737D9FC49" bold="true" box="[312,433,1321,1347]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
One of the key characters that differentiate species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137AFF9DFB7FFA973342FC48" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[1184,1322,1321,1346]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFB7FFA973342FC48" box="[1184,1322,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex is the development (ontogeny) pattern and structure of the acanthodiscorhabd. As stated above the acanthodiscorhabds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137AFF9DFCCDFAC735F4FC98" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[786,924,1401,1426]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFCCDFAC735F4FC98" box="[786,924,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB77137AFF9DFC78FAC735ADFC99" box="[935,965,1401,1427]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" sensu="stricto">s.s</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have a straight uniform shaft bearing whorls of crenulated discs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137AFF9DFD68FA1F3522FCB1" author="Carter, H. J." box="[695,842,1441,1467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="343 - 360" refId="ref35269" refString="Carter, H. J. (1879) Contribution to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 3, 284 - 304, 343 - 360, pls 25 - 29." type="journal article" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137AFF9DFC86FA1F321FFCB1" author="Samaai, T. & Kelly, M." box="[857,1143,1441,1467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="708 - 719" refId="ref36525" refString="Samaai, T. & Kelly, M. (2002) Family Latrunculiidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A., & R. W. M. Soest, Van (eds). Systema Porifera. Guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges and spongiomorphs (Porifera). Plenum, New York, pp. 708 - 719." type="book chapter" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Samaai 2002) and develop from a straight protorhabd as indicated by Dendy, (1917) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137AFF9DFB0BFA7737A2FF01" author="Samaai, T. & Kelly, M." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="708 - 719" refId="ref36525" refString="Samaai, T. & Kelly, M. (2002) Family Latrunculiidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A., & R. W. M. Soest, Van (eds). Systema Porifera. Guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges and spongiomorphs (Porifera). Plenum, New York, pp. 708 - 719." type="book chapter" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Samaai 2002 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137AFF9DFD64FA4F35CEFF01" author="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. & Kelly, M & Davies-Coleman, M." box="[699,934,1521,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref36688" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M & Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371, 1 - 26" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFCC3FA4F353DFF00" box="[796,853,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137AFF9DFC68FA4F32CDFF01" author="Samaai, T. & Govender, V & Kelly, M." box="[951,1189,1521,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref36747" refString="Samaai, T. Govender, V and Kelly, M. (2004) Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa, 725, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFBC6FA4F323AFF00" box="[1049,1106,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All these characters (based only on the acanthodiscorhabds) are visible in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137AFF9DFC26F9A732F7FF38" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[1017,1183,1561,1586]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFC26F9A732F7FF38" box="[1017,1183,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">L. multirotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that it is a valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137AFF9DFD96F9FF34BBFF50" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[585,723,1601,1626]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFD96F9FF34BBFF50" box="[585,723,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Apart from this it also possesses the basal whorl just above the manubrium as indicative of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137AFF9DFC44F9D7324DFF88" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[923,1061,1641,1666]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFC44F9D7324DFF88" box="[923,1061,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137AFF9CFEE7F92F3797FB94" blockId="36.[264,1324,283,1867]" lastBlockId="37.[264,1323,284,750]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
This species is most distinctive, however, as it differs substantially from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137AFF9DFED7F9073786FFD9" box="[264,494,1721,1747]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFED7F90737FAFFD8" box="[264,402,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the size and structure of the anisodiscorhabds (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137AFF9DFBECF90732E5FFD9" box="[1075,1165,1721,1747]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
); it possesses multicrenulated discs along a long shaft.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137AFF9DFD2BF95F324EFFF1" author="Hinde, G. J. & Holmes, W. M." box="[756,1062,1761,1787]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="177 - 262" refId="ref35692" refString="Hinde, G. J. & Holmes, W. M. (1892) On the sponge-remains in the lower Tertiary Strata near Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology, 24, 177 - 262." type="journal article" year="1892">Hinde and Holmes (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(PG. 219, FIG. 34, 35) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137AFF9DFE5FF8B7341AFE29" author="Wiedenmayer, F." box="[384,626,1801,1827]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref37348" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1994) Contributions to the knowledge of post-Palaeozoic neritic and archibenthal sponges (Porifera). The stratigraphic record, ecology, and global distribution of intermediate and higher taxa. Schweizerische Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 116, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1994">Wiedenmayer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) recorded a fossil anisodiscorhabd with multiple whorls from the Oamaru Diatomite,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E137AFF9DFDA9F88F3574FE41" box="[630,796,1841,1867]" name="New Zealand" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, for a species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137AFF9DFC3BF88F321EFE40" box="[996,1142,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137AFF9DFC3BF88F321AFE40" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[996,1138,1841,1866]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Latrunculia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp Hinde and Holmes, PG 218, PL. XI, FIG. 35) that occurred during the late Eoceneearly Oligocene era. These authors also suggested that this form was a modification of a common plane (two whorls), which ultimately gave rise to the multicrenulated discs as found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137BFF9CFACCFED237E7F8A7" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137BFF9CFACCFED237E7F8A7" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L. multirotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The discorhabd structure of the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137BFF9CFC75FE2A32A5F8A7" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[938,1229,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137BFF9CFC75FE2A32A5F8A7" box="[938,1229,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Latrunculia multirotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs however from the fossil spicule in that the shaft possess multiple spines (as appose to whorls) and in the length of the spicule, which is much larger in size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137BFF9CFBEDFE5A32E7F8F4" box="[1074,1167,484,510]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="206.0">206 µm</quantity>
|
||
) than what is recorded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137BFF9CFE7FFDB23420FB2F" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[416,584,524,549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137BFF9CFE7FFDB23420FB2F" box="[416,584,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L. multirotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is difficult to say whether the fossil acanthodiscorhabds are homologous to that found in the extant species, but it does suggest that several species of “latrunculids” must have coexisted at the source of this assemblage (See also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137BFF9CFED7FD3A379AFB94" author="Wiedenmayer, F." box="[264,498,644,670]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref37348" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1994) Contributions to the knowledge of post-Palaeozoic neritic and archibenthal sponges (Porifera). The stratigraphic record, ecology, and global distribution of intermediate and higher taxa. Schweizerische Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 116, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1994">Wiedenmayer 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137BFF9CFEE7FD123711FBE4" blockId="37.[264,1323,284,750]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA043137BFF9CFEE7FD12371DFBE4" location="North Atlantic" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acores">
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137BFF9CFE16FD123407FBCF" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[457,623,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multirotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137BFF9CFE16FD123407FBCF" box="[457,623,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L. multirotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only ever recorded from the
|
||
<location id="8EFBFCC5137BFF9CFC23FD1232CEFBCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B08137DFF9CFED7F96F3711FBE4:8EFBFCC5137BFF9CFC23FD1232CEFBCC" box="[1020,1190,684,710]" name="North Atlantic" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Acores">North Atlantic</location>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E064FC137BFF9CFB08FD123342FBCC" box="[1239,1322,684,710]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137BFF9CFECFFD6A3703FBE4" box="[272,363,724,750]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |