235 lines
33 KiB
XML
235 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="1F991B6623AE9D985454FFAFC0BF48A1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057828" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625188528868" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Samaai, Toufiek, Gibbons, Mark J. & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2006" docId="038D1B08137CFF9AFED7F95A3264FF8B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01127p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1127 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1127.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) palmata Levi 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFB46370135EFFB9FFDFFFBE3668F90A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698982629527" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0B1C00AF14311E3CD0B1F6706ECEE90B">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A2294A43309C3E8918792DDCC07148DF">Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9FB157BD978CC9297DA3B5B6E579635A">Gibbons, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52F3C0B1BCB9D5FEA9CFFF1D13BEFD75">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="63C6E25480F73295209E0D3B249729A5">2006</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137CFF9BFED7F95A355DFFF4" blockId="34.[264,821,1764,1825]" box="[264,821,1764,1790]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D0D31D72137CFF9BFED7F95A355DFFF4" bold="true" box="[264,821,1764,1790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137CFF9BFED7F95A355DFFF4" ID-CoL="3SLYQ" authority="Levi, 1964" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[264,821,1764,1790]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata" subGenus="Latrunculia">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137CFF9BFED7F95A355DFFF4" bold="true" box="[264,821,1764,1790]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137CFF9BFED7F95A34C5FFF4" bold="true" box="[264,685,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) palmata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137CFF9BFD6AF95A355DFFF4" author="Levi, C." box="[693,821,1764,1790]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref36373" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiares des Zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 63 - 112, pls II - XI." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137CFF9BFED7F8B93451FE2B" box="[264,569,1799,1825]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137CFF9BFED7F8B93451FE2B" blockId="34.[264,821,1764,1825]" box="[264,569,1799,1825]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B137CFF9BFECFF8B93706FE2B" box="[272,366,1799,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 1G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B137CFF9BFEA5F8B937E3FE2B" box="[378,395,1799,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137CFF9BFE46F8B93793FE2B" box="[409,507,1799,1825]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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&
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137CFF9BFDFEF8B93458FE2B" box="[545,560,1799,1825]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137CFF9BFED7F8EC35DDFE62" box="[264,949,1873,1897]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137CFF9BFED7F8EC35DDFE62" blockId="34.[264,949,1873,1897]" box="[264,949,1873,1897]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137CFF9BFED7F8EC3409FE62" ID-CoL="3SLYQ" authority="Levi, 1964" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[264,609,1873,1897]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137CFF9BFED7F8EC378BFE63" box="[264,483,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Latrunculia palmata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137CFF9BFE34F8EF3409FE62" author="Levi, C." box="[491,609,1873,1896]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref36373" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiares des Zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 63 - 112, pls II - XI." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; pg 70, FIG. 11 ET PL. X, FIG. F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137DFF9AFED7FEA53709F88A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4CA043137DFF9AFED7FEA53709F88A" collectorName="L. B. I. M. No & de Mindanao" country="Philippines" elevation="1500" latitude="8.8" location="Mer de Mindanao" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="124.15" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFED7FEA53794F83F" bold="true" box="[264,508,283,309]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<typeStatus id="549F14BC137DFF9AFED7FEA53712F83F" box="[264,378,283,309]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<collectorName id="26D1CFC8137DFF9AFDD2FEA334F2F83E" box="[525,666,285,308]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L.B.I.M. No</collectorName>
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D.CL. 1390, spicule slide. Locality:
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Mer
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<collectorName id="26D1CFC8137DFF9AFB49FEA33342F83E" box="[1174,1322,285,308]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">de Mindanao</collectorName>
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</location>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E137DFF9AFED0FEFA37E5F851" box="[271,397,324,347]" name="Philippines" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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),
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<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD9137DFF9AFE40FEFA3790F851" box="[415,504,324,347]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="8.8">8° 48’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD9137DFF9AFDDBFEFA341CF851" box="[516,628,324,347]" degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="124.15">124° 09’E</geoCoordinate>
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; stn 443, depth
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<quantity id="4CDC07FB137DFF9AFCFEFEFA351EF851" box="[801,886,324,347]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1500.0">
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<elevation id="00094D2D137DFF9AFCFEFEFA351EF851" box="[801,886,324,347]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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. Danish Deep Sea Expedition (
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFB18FEFA373EF88A" authority="Report" authorityName="Report" class="Malacostraca" family="Galatheidae" genus="Galathea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFB18FEFA3342F851" box="[1223,1322,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Galathea</emphasis>
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Report
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF995137DFF9AFEE7FE3032FCFD5B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137DFF9AFEE7FE30356FFB2B" blockId="35.[264,1325,283,1665]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFEE7FE3037A1F8A2" bold="true" box="[312,457,398,424]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
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Sponge small semispherical to pyriform. Surface very finely granulated and velvety to the touch, being strongly folded creating many narrow furrows that converge at various places. Oscules not visible in sample. Colour in life unknown; in preservative dark brown (from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137DFF9AFDA8FDB93492FB2B" author="Levi, C." box="[631,762,519,545]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref36373" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiares des Zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 63 - 112, pls II - XI." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137DFF9AFEE7FD90351AFB7B" blockId="35.[264,1325,283,1665]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFEE7FD9037C2FB42" bold="true" box="[312,426,558,584]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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The choanosomal skeleton consists of a dense regular polygonalmeshed reticulation formed by wispy tracts of smooth styles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137DFF9AFEE7FDC03296FD23" blockId="35.[264,1325,283,1665]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFEE7FDC037CEFB92" bold="true" box="[312,422,638,664]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Spicules.</emphasis>
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Megascleres: styles smooth with narrow heads (almost strongyloxeate), fusiform and slightly sinuous, with a narrow head region often looking like strongyloxeas,
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<quantity id="4CDC07FB137DFF9AFED7FD71370DFBE3" box="[264,357,719,745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
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||
x
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<quantity id="4CDC07FB137DFF9AFE5AFD71378AFBE3" box="[389,482,719,745]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 m</quantity>
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[authors measurements 394 (382–410) x
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<quantity id="4CDC07FB137DFF9AFC0CFD713258FBE3" box="[979,1072,719,745]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 m</quantity>
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]. Microscleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B137DFF9AFB24FD713746FA1B" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
): Anisodiscorhabds, the manubrium is slightly spined, forming a tripod structure, with a basal whorl just above the manubrium. Medium whorl is circular, broad, flat and horizontally arranged, being the largest of the three whorls,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137DFF9AFC29FCF93220FA6B" box="[1014,1096,839,865]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The medium whorl is dividing into three distinct segments, each possessing 6 denticulate margins. The subsidiary whorl is slanted upwards, separated from the apical whorl by an extended shaft,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137DFF9AFE1EFC013451FAD3" box="[449,569,959,985]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="33.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="30.0">30–36 m</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. This whorl is also divided in 6 denticulate margins. The apical whorl is extended by the shaft region, ending in a crown like tuft. Anisodiscorhabd length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137DFF9AFDF1FBB134CEFD23" box="[558,678,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="52.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="50.0">50–55 m</quantity>
|
||
in length [authors’ measurements 57 (53–58) m].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137DFF9AFEE7FB8832FCFD5B" blockId="35.[264,1325,283,1665]" box="[312,1172,1078,1105]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFEE7FB88340DFD5A" bold="true" box="[312,613,1078,1104]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B137DFF9AFDA9FB8934D4FD5B" box="[630,700,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mindanao,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E137DFF9AFC86FB893588FD5B" box="[857,992,1079,1105]" name="Philippines" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB137DFF9AFBEBFB8932F8FD5B" box="[1076,1168,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF995137DFF9AFEE7FBE03264FF8B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137DFF9AFEE7FBE03264FF8B" blockId="35.[264,1325,283,1665]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFEE7FBE037D9FD72" bold="true" box="[312,433,1118,1144]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In his remarks
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137DFF9AFD52FBE13549FD73" author="Levi, C." box="[653,801,1119,1145]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref36373" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiares des Zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 63 - 112, pls II - XI." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
said that this new species conforms to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFED7FB393782FDAA" baseAuthorityName="sensu Bergquist" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[264,490,1159,1184]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFED7FB393782FDAA" box="[264,490,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Latrunculia brevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137DFF9AFD75FB393599FDAB" author="Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A." box="[682,1009,1159,1185]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref36851" refString="Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S." type="book" year="1887">Ridley and Dendy (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Kerguelen and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFACCFB393454FDC3" authority="Brondsted" authorityName="Brondsted, B" authorityYear="1924" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispiraefera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFACCFB3937D1FDC2" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. spinispiraefera</emphasis>
|
||
Brøndsted
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs however in the size of the megascleres and the form and size of the anisodiscorhabds (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137DFF9AFD16FB693546FDFB" box="[713,814,1239,1265]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137DFF9AFC8FFB693581FDFB" author="Levi, C." box="[848,1001,1239,1265]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref36373" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiares des Zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 63 - 112, pls II - XI." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, also suggested that the acanthodiscorhabd of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFDC8FB4134F4FC12" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[535,668,1279,1304]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFDC8FB4134F4FC12" box="[535,668,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conforms to the typical shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFB93FB41378EFC4B" authority="Ridley and Dendy" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFB93FB413343FC12" box="[1100,1323,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Latrunculia brevis</emphasis>
|
||
Ridley and Dendy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B137DFF9AFDF2FA9934D8FC4B" box="[557,688,1319,1345]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), but varies from the latter species in having larger acanthodiscorhabds, an observation also confirmed by us (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137DFF9AFC39FAF13257FC63" box="[998,1087,1359,1385]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). On observation of the spicule slide we found that the proximal end (head region) of the styles as found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFACCFAC93700FCB2" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFACCFAC93700FCB2" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rather narrow and that the spicule resembles strongyloxeas in appearance.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFACCFA213700FCEA" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFACCFA213700FCEA" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has larger megascleres to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFCEBFA7935F3FCEA" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[820,923,1479,1504]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFCEBFA7935F3FCEA" box="[820,923,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. brevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFC08FA7932C0FCEA" authorityName="Brondsted, B" authorityYear="1924" box="[983,1192,1479,1504]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispiraefera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFC08FA7932C0FCEA" box="[983,1192,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. spinispiraefera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137DFF9AFB35FA793770FF03" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Apart from this,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFE2DFA513569FF03" authority="Levi (1964)" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[498,769,1519,1545]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFE2DFA513418FF02" box="[498,624,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137DFF9AFDA8FA513569FF03" author="Levi, C." box="[631,769,1519,1545]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref36373" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiares des Zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 63 - 112, pls II - XI." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also geographically separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFB1AFA513781FF3B" authority="Ridley and Dendy" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFB1AFA513342FF02" box="[1221,1322,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. brevis</emphasis>
|
||
Ridley and Dendy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B137DFF9AFDEDF9A93417FF3B" box="[562,639,1559,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137DFF9AFD4EF9A93498FF3B" box="[657,752,1559,1585]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Based on these differences we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137DFF9AFACCF9A93700FF52" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137DFF9AFACCF9A93700FF52" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a valid species and this decision can change if more information on the surface features and choanosomal architecture can be determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |