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<mods:title id="045F6762DD4DF8F6836E7BED891A32BF">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CDC4CDCC265FDB4F5F1C59893A487B3F">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038D1B081374FF92FED7FD3A344DFB44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057858" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081374FF92FED7FD3A344DFB44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D1B081374FF92FED7FD3A344DFB44" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951374FF93FED7FD3A35B3FB94" box="[264,987,644,670]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1374FF93FED7FD3A35B3FB94" blockId="42.[264,987,644,705]" box="[264,987,644,670]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D0D31D721374FF93FED7FD3A35B3FB94" bold="true" box="[264,987,644,670]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1374FF93FED7FD3A35B3FB94" ID-CoL="3SLYS" authority="Alvarez et al., 2002" authorityName="Alvarez" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,987,644,670]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="triverticillata" subGenus="Latrunculia">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FED7FD3A35B3FB94" bold="true" box="[264,987,644,670]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FED7FD3A37F1FB94" bold="true" box="[264,409,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Latrunculia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FE75FD3A3480FB94" bold="true" box="[426,744,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Latrunculia) triverticillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1374FF93FD30FD3A35B3FB94" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[751,987,644,670]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FC87FD3A35E3FB94" bold="true" box="[856,907,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951374FF93FED7FD1934FDFBCB" box="[264,661,679,705]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1374FF93FED7FD1934FDFBCB" blockId="42.[264,987,644,705]" box="[264,661,679,705]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
(
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FECFFD193706FBCB" box="[272,366,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 1L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FEA4FD1937E4FBCB" box="[379,396,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FE47FD1937DFFBCB" box="[408,439,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); C. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); D. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; E. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; F. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia austini sp. nov. (PICTURE TAKEN BY BILL AUSTIN)." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">3F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FE1CFD193780FBCB" box="[451,488,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,291,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-89@39.[268,1318,291,1580]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; B. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Latrunculia austini sp. nov.; E. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; F. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057834/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">5C</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51374FF93FE2AFD19343EFBCB" box="[501,598,679,705]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tables 2</tableCitation>
&amp;
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51374FF93FDA3FD1934E3FBCB" box="[636,651,679,705]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951374FF93FED7FD4C34FEFA22" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1374FF93FED7FD4C34FEFA22" blockId="42.[264,1322,753,808]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1374FF93FED7FD4C3560FA02" ID-CoL="3SLYS" authority="Alvarez et al., 2002" authorityName="Alvarez" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,776,753,777]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="triverticillata">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FED7FD4C3476FA03" box="[264,542,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Latrunculia triverticillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1374FF93FDF7FD4F3560FA02" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[552,776,753,777]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FD58FD4C34D0FA03" box="[647,696,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, PG. 170,
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FCA4FD4F35BCFA02" box="[891,980,753,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); C. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); D. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; E. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; F. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia austini sp. nov. (PICTURE TAKEN BY BILL AUSTIN)." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIG. 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FC3DFD4F3587FA02" box="[994,1007,753,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="54.[264,367,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[270,1317,515,1344]" captionTargetId="figure-180@54.[270,1317,515,1344]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; B. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003; C. Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly 2003; D. Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al. 2002;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057840/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">9</figureCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1374FF93FC25FD4C334BFA03" ID-CoL="3SLY4" authorityName="Brondsted, B" authorityYear="1924" box="[1018,1315,754,777]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispiraefera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FC25FD4C334BFA03" box="[1018,1315,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Latrunculia spinispiraefera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1374FF93FEE7FCAF37B5FA22" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[312,477,785,808]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="169 - 206" refId="ref34964" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1961) Demospongiae (Porifera) of the Chatham Islands and Chatham Rise, collected by the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition. New Zealand. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, No. 139 (5), 169 - 206, fig 1 - 6). [New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 13)." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist 1961</bibRefCitation>
, PG. 189, FIG. 13
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951374FF93FED7FCE73238FD89" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1374FF93FED7FCE73599FA78" blockId="42.[264,1324,857,1875]" box="[264,1009,857,883]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431374FF93FED7FCE73599FA78" box="[264,1009,857,883]" collectionCode="NZOI, NIWA" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="H 799" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FED7FCE7379AFA79" bold="true" box="[264,498,857,883]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1374FF93FED7FCE73712FA79" box="[264,378,857,883]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
Not examined
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1374FF93FD41FCE534B6FA78" box="[670,734,859,882]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">NZOI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB8202651374FF93FD3AFCE53541FA78" box="[741,809,859,882]" collectionCode="NZOI" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">H 799</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1374FF93FCEBFCE53512FA78" box="[820,890,859,882]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
collection.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1374FF93FEE7FC3F320DFACA" blockId="42.[264,1324,857,1875]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FEE7FC3F37D5FA91" bold="true" box="[312,445,897,923]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Additional</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431374FF93FE18FC3F3209FACA" collectionCode="NZOI, CM" elevation="396" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="NZOI 1270" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FE18FC3F34DBFA91" bold="true" box="[455,691,897,923]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1374FF93FE18FC3F345FFA91" box="[455,567,897,923]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1374FF93FD63FC3D3494FA90" box="[700,764,899,922]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">NZOI</collectionCode>
P­1269;
<specimenCode id="DB8202651374FF93FCBDFC3D358AFA90" box="[866,994,899,922]" collectionCode="NZOI" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">NZOI 1270</specimenCode>
, Niwa collection;
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1374FF93FB73FC3D343DFACA" authority="Bergquist 1961" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispiraefera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FB73FC3D37C1FACB" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Latrunculia spinispiraefera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1374FF93FE6FFC17343DFACA" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[432,597,937,960]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="169 - 206" refId="ref34964" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1961) Demospongiae (Porifera) of the Chatham Islands and Chatham Rise, collected by the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition. New Zealand. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, No. 139 (5), 169 - 206, fig 1 - 6). [New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 13)." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Chatham Rise,
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FCDBFC173522FACA" box="[772,842,937,960]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="396.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1374FF93FCDBFC173522FACA" box="[772,842,937,960]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="396.0">396 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, Sta. 6 (
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1374FF93FC40FC1735A2FACA" box="[927,970,937,960]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CM</collectionCode>
unregistered)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1374FF93FEE7FC703238FD89" blockId="42.[264,1324,857,1875]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FEE7FC703416FAE2" bold="true" box="[312,638,974,1000]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431374FF93FD4EFC6E334FFD05" accessionNumber="S 15545" collectingDate="1991-07-14" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Tinderbox, E. &amp; K. L. Gowlett-Holmes" county="Ts" elevation="2" location="D'Entrecasteaux Channel" municipality="Tas." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1374FF93FD4EFC6E34CBFAED" box="[657,675,976,999]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">T</collectionCode>
.
<accessionNumber id="947737FD1374FF93FD78FC6E3497FAED" box="[679,767,976,999]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S15545" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="EnaNcbi">S 15545</accessionNumber>
(cross ref.
<collectingCounty id="62FAD2921374FF93FCA3FC6E35FDFAED" box="[892,917,976,999]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ts</collectingCounty>
462),
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF30641374FF93FC03FC6E3262FAED" box="[988,1034,976,999]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tas.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EFBFCC51374FF93FBC8FC6E3340FAED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081374FF92FED7FD3A344DFB44:8EFBFCC51374FF93FBC8FC6E3340FAED" box="[1047,1320,976,999]" county="Ts" municipality="Tas." name="D'Entrecasteaux Channel" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">D'Entrecasteaux Channel</location>
,
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81374FF93FED7FC4637F4FD05" box="[264,412,1016,1039]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tinderbox, E.</collectorName>
of boat ramp, depth
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FD5DFC4634A3FD05" box="[642,715,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1374FF93FD5DFC4634A3FD05" box="[642,715,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81374FF93FCBCFC463226FD05" box="[867,1102,1016,1039]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">K.L. Gowlett­Holmes</collectorName>
on the
<date id="FF9A8CDE1374FF93FB7CFC46334FFD05" box="[1187,1319,1016,1039]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1991-07-14">
<collectingDate id="EFDE75361374FF93FB7CFC46334FFD05" box="[1187,1319,1016,1039]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1991-07-14">14/07/ 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431374FF93FED7FB9E3453FD57" accessionNumber="S 15544" collectingDate="1994-10-09" collectionCode="T" collectorName="K. L. Gowlett-Holmes" county="Ts" elevation="16" location="Penin." municipality="Tas." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasman">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1374FF93FED7FB9E3772FD3D" box="[264,282,1056,1079]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">T</collectionCode>
.
<accessionNumber id="947737FD1374FF93FEC2FB9E3711FD3D" box="[285,377,1056,1079]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S15544" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="EnaNcbi">S 15544</accessionNumber>
(
<collectingCounty id="62FAD2921374FF93FE52FB9E37CFFD3D" box="[397,423,1056,1079]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ts</collectingCounty>
464),
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF30641374FF93FE29FB9E344CFD3D" box="[502,548,1056,1079]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tas.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E064FC1374FF93FDEBFB9E34EEFD3D" box="[564,646,1056,1079]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tasman</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EFBFCC51374FF93FD4DFB9E34B1FD3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081374FF92FED7FD3A344DFB44:8EFBFCC51374FF93FD4DFB9E34B1FD3D" box="[658,729,1056,1079]" county="Ts" municipality="Tas." name="Penin." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Tasman">Penin.</location>
,
<location id="8EFBFCC51374FF93FD37FB9E35F1FD3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081374FF92FED7FD3A344DFB44:8EFBFCC51374FF93FD37FB9E35F1FD3D" box="[744,921,1056,1079]" county="Ts" municipality="Tas." name="Shag Rock Bay" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Tasman">Shag Rock Bay</location>
, depth
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FC2FFB9E323FFD3D" box="[1008,1111,1055,1081]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1374FF93FC2FFB9E323FFD3D" box="[1008,1111,1055,1081]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81374FF93FB25FB9E37D4FD57" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">K.L. Gowlett­Holmes</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF9A8CDE1374FF93FE13FBF83453FD57" box="[460,571,1094,1117]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1994-10-09">
<collectingDate id="EFDE75361374FF93FE13FBF83453FD57" box="[460,571,1094,1117]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1994-10-09">9/10/1994</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431374FF93FD8BFBF832B2FD57" box="[596,1242,1094,1117]" collectionCode="NZOI" collectorName="Ts" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasman">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1374FF93FD8BFBF834FCFD57" box="[596,660,1094,1117]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">NZOI</collectionCode>
stn M780 (cross ref.
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81374FF93FC50FBF835C0FD57" box="[911,936,1094,1117]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ts</collectorName>
55) unidentified sponge in
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431374FF93FB3AFBF83224FD89" collectingDate="1981-04-01" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="40" latitude="-44.605835" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="167.8675" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasman">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1374FF93FB3AFBF83343FD57" box="[1253,1323,1094,1117]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
collection,
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91374FF93FEA0FBD23792FD89" box="[383,506,1132,1155]" degrees="44" direction="south" minutes="36.35" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="9" value="-44.605835">44º 36.35'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91374FF93FDDAFBD234E7FD89" box="[517,655,1132,1155]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="52.05" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="9" value="167.8675">167º 52.05'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FD03FBD2357DFD89" box="[732,789,1132,1155]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="40.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1374FF93FD03FBD2357DFD89" box="[732,789,1132,1155]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected on the
<date id="FF9A8CDE1374FF93FC10FBD23224FD89" box="[975,1100,1132,1155]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1981-04-01">
<collectingDate id="EFDE75361374FF93FC10FBD23224FD89" box="[975,1100,1132,1155]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1981-04-01">01/04/1981</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951374FF92FEE7FB2F359FF8DC" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1374FF92FEE7FB2F3490F8A4" blockId="42.[264,1324,857,1875]" lastBlockId="43.[264,1323,284,590]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FEE7FB2F37DFFDA1" bold="true" box="[312,439,1169,1195]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small, semispherical sponge (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FCEBFB2F35E7FDA1" box="[820,911,1169,1195]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); C. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); D. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; E. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; F. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia austini sp. nov. (PICTURE TAKEN BY BILL AUSTIN)." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) with cylindrical­shaped oscules, which are divided into 2–3 chambers, and numerous thin truncated lipped and subglobular thick crater­like areolate porefields that are covered with a distinct poral pellucid membrane. Colour in life is dark green; in preservative, choanosome dark brown and ectosome dark chocolate brown. Styles are fusiform, 333 (300–355) x 11 (9–12) m, n=20 [
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1374FF93FED0FAE73717FC79" box="[271,383,1369,1395]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
377 (326–413) x
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FD86FAE734F1FC79" box="[601,665,1369,1395]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
(after
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1374FF93FD34FAE735BEFC79" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[747,982,1369,1395]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B950760C1374FF93FC8EFAE735EEFC78" box="[849,902,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
); Bergquist voucher 350 x
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FAC3FAE73758FC91" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
(after
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1374FF93FE54FA3F3421FC91" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[395,585,1409,1435]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="169 - 206" refId="ref34964" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1961) Demospongiae (Porifera) of the Chatham Islands and Chatham Rise, collected by the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition. New Zealand. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, No. 139 (5), 169 - 206, fig 1 - 6). [New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 13)." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist 1961</bibRefCitation>
)] (see
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51374FF93FD7BFA3F356BFC91" box="[676,771,1409,1435]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Anisodiscorhabds (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FBD5FA3F3200FC91" box="[1034,1128,1409,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
) with a simple manubrium, above which is a basal whorl similar in diameter to the median and subsidiary whorls; the whorls are denticulate with 4 groups of spines. The apical whorl is simple and also spined. Anisodiscorhabd length 45 (43–46) x 7 (7) m, n=20 [
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1374FF93FBF8FA4732FFFF19" box="[1063,1175,1529,1555]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FB7FFA473286FF19" box="[1184,1262,1529,1555]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</quantity>
long (after
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1374FF93FE90F99F3460FF31" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[335,520,1569,1595]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="169 - 206" refId="ref34964" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1961) Demospongiae (Porifera) of the Chatham Islands and Chatham Rise, collected by the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition. New Zealand. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, No. 139 (5), 169 - 206, fig 1 - 6). [New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 13)." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist 1961</bibRefCitation>
)]. The choanosomal skeleton consists of a firm, well developed but irregular polygonal­meshed reticulation and towards the surface the spicules become denser and tend to be vertically arranged (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FCDEF9CF3537FF81" box="[769,863,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,291,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-89@39.[268,1318,291,1580]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; B. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Latrunculia austini sp. nov.; E. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; F. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057834/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). The surface of the ectosome is lined with an erect layer of non­interlocking anisodiscorhabds. The ectosome of Voucher specimen T.
<accessionNumber id="947737FD1374FF93FE49F97F379EFFD1" box="[406,502,1729,1755]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S15545" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="EnaNcbi">S 15545</accessionNumber>
consists of a clear, thick band of collagenous mesohyal,
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FB4DF97F3341FFD1" box="[1170,1321,1729,1755]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0149999999999997" metricValueMax="2.73" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="201.5" valueMax="273.0" valueMin="130.0">130–273 µm</quantity>
thick, at the base of which is a thin band of paratangential styles
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1374FF93FBC5F9573200FE09" box="[1050,1128,1769,1795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
deep (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1374FF93FB63F9573372FE09" box="[1212,1306,1769,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,291,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-89@39.[268,1318,291,1580]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; B. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Latrunculia austini sp. nov.; E. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; F. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057834/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). The thickness of this paratangential layer differs in voucher specimen T.
<accessionNumber id="947737FD1374FF93FBB9F8AF32A0FE21" box="[1126,1224,1809,1835]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S15544" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="EnaNcbi">S 15544</accessionNumber>
and the
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1374FF93FED7F8873706FE59" box="[264,366,1849,1875]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(NZOI H­799), which has a thick paratangential layer of densely interlocking megascleres, approximately
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1375FF92FD86FEA234DDF83C" box="[601,693,284,310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
wide in T.
<accessionNumber id="947737FD1375FF92FCE9FEA235FFF83C" box="[822,919,284,310]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S15544" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="EnaNcbi">S 15544</accessionNumber>
and
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1375FF92FC0DFEA23201F83C" box="[978,1129,284,310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="325.0" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="200.0">200–450 m</quantity>
in the
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1375FF92FB62FEA23340F83C" box="[1213,1320,284,310]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The sponge are frequently found on flat rocky surfaces in
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1375FF92FC72FEFA3222F854" box="[941,1098,324,350]" name="New Zealand" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
as compared to off Tasmania where it is found on rocky substrata, under rocky overhangs and rocks; depth range
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1375FF92FE8FFE2A37D1F8A4" box="[336,441,404,430]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.985" metricValueMax="3.96" metricValueMin="0.01" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="198.5" valueMax="396.0" valueMin="1.0">1–396 m</quantity>
(after
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1375FF92FDD8FE2A3484F8A4" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[519,748,404,430]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B950760C1375FF92FDB5FE2A34F5F8A7" box="[618,669,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1375FF92FEE7FE05359FF8DC" blockId="43.[264,1323,284,590]" box="[312,1015,443,470]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B950760C1375FF92FEE7FE05340DF8DF" bold="true" box="[312,613,443,469]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1375FF92FDA9FE0234D3F8DC" box="[630,699,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Tasmania;
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951375FF92FEE7FE5D344DFB44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1375FF92FEE7FE5D344DFB44" blockId="43.[264,1323,284,590]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B950760C1375FF92FEE7FE5D37D9F8F7" bold="true" box="[312,433,483,509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is clearly differentiated from other
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1375FF92FBD9FE5A32CDF8F4" box="[1030,1189,484,510]" name="New Zealand" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1375FF92FED7FDB2378EFB2C" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[264,486,524,550]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">Alvarez et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
by the morphology of the anisodiscorhabds, and colouration in life and the surface morphology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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