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<document id="66B6ACD90461169FE6331B5D01E856BE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057828" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625188528868" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Samaai, Toufiek, Gibbons, Mark J. &amp; Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2006" docId="038D1B081356FFB1FED7FEA23542FE7B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01127p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1127 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1127.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) cratera du Bocage 1869" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFB46370135EFFB9FFDFFFBE3668F90A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698982629527" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4E907EA8E1B6238B00808AD0D2E05917">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBAAE98219E454BA80EBEFAEA46B93E5">Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="316E67529CC45AA898FCD1F2C7DA25E3">Gibbons, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="311F8EE067DD9578B3E166E2825F85BE">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="833A8BEB8D0793DB56D5082BE6A8A510">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4C3DA5F47281942DDEFC95E91D7E3CE9">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B2C659A7E7CA2661070F548545D4A6CB">2006-02-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="63576149A06BF169478C0075CC0A18C3">1127</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CDEBE9915D65717C180FB5299283B41D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038D1B081356FFB1FED7FEA23542FE7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081356FFB1FED7FEA23542FE7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D1B081356FFB1FED7FEA23542FE7B" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951356FFB1FED7FEA2351CF83F" box="[264,884,283,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1356FFB1FED7FEA2351CF83F" blockId="8.[264,884,283,345]" box="[264,884,283,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0D31D721356FFB1FED7FEA2351CF83F" bold="true" box="[264,884,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FED7FEA2351CF83F" ID-CoL="3SLYG" authority="du Bocage, 1869" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[264,884,283,310]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera" subGenus="Latrunculia">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FED7FEA2351CF83F" bold="true" box="[264,884,283,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FED7FEA237F0F83C" bold="true" box="[264,408,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FE75FEA23453F83C" bold="true" box="[426,571,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FD93FEA234CAF83C" bold="true" box="[588,674,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cratera</emphasis>
du
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1356FFB1FD0EFEA5351CF83F" author="Bocage, J. V." box="[721,884,283,309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref34878" refString="Bocage, J. V. Barboza du. (1869) Eponges siliceuses nouvelles de Portugal et de l'ile de Saint-Iago (archipel du Cap-vert). Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, 2, 159 - 162, pls X - XI." type="journal article" year="1869">Bocage, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951356FFB1FED7FE813433F853" box="[264,603,319,345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1356FFB1FED7FE813433F853" blockId="8.[264,884,283,345]" box="[264,603,319,345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
(
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1356FFB1FECFFE81371EF853" box="[272,374,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1 A</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1356FFB1FE43FE8137C5F853" box="[412,429,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51356FFB1FE64FE813475F853" box="[443,541,319,345]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 1: New sssignments for species previously recognised within Latrunculia Type, Paratype and Voucher (museums) material. See text for details of institutional abbreviations." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tables 1</tableCitation>
&amp;
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51356FFB1FD9DFE813439F853" box="[578,593,319,345]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951356FFB1FED7FEC93504F887" box="[264,876,374,398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1356FFB1FED7FEC93504F887" blockId="8.[264,876,374,398]" box="[264,876,374,398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB348D301356FFB1FED7FEC93504F887" box="[264,876,374,398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitation id="0A858C0F1356FFB1FED7FEC934A6F887" author="Bocage, J. V." box="[264,718,374,398]" page="161" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1869">
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FED7FEC934A6F887" ID-CoL="3SLYG" authority="du Bocage, 1869: 161" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1869" box="[264,718,374,398]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FED7FEC937B4F884" box="[264,476,375,398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
du
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1356FFB1FDDCFEC834A6F887" author="Bocage, J. V." box="[515,718,374,397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref34878" refString="Bocage, J. V. Barboza du. (1869) Eponges siliceuses nouvelles de Portugal et de l'ile de Saint-Iago (archipel du Cap-vert). Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, 2, 159 - 162, pls X - XI." type="journal article" year="1869">Bocage, 1869: 161</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, PL XI,
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1356FFB1FCFAFEC83500F887" box="[805,872,374,397]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIG. 2</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951356FFB1FED7FE0F37ADFAF7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1356FFB1FED7FE0F324FF8C0" blockId="8.[264,1323,433,1905]" box="[264,1063,433,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FED7FE0F379AF8C1" bold="true" box="[264,498,433,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1356FFB1FED7FE0F3712F8C1" box="[264,378,433,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
Not examined (lost),
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FD03FE0D324FF8C0" authority="du Bocage" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[732,1063,435,458]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FD03FE0D35D8F8C0" box="[732,944,435,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
du Bocage
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1356FFB1FEE7FE6737ADFAF7" blockId="8.[264,1323,433,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FEE7FE673416F8F9" bold="true" box="[312,638,473,499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FD59FE6534BEF8F8" box="[646,726,475,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.11.1813, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FC37FE6532D4F8F8" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[1000,1212,475,498]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FC37FE6532D4F8F8" box="[1000,1212,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Norman, Norman Collection,
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FDB8FDBC357AFB13" box="[615,786,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HMS Porcupine</emphasis>
, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FC3CFDBF325BFB12" box="[995,1075,513,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.567a, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FED7FD99378FFB34" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[264,487,551,574]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FED7FD99378FFB34" box="[264,487,551,574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Norman, Norman Collection, Hardanger Fjord,
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FB0FFD98334FFB37" box="[1232,1319,550,573]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FE13FDF23474FB69" box="[460,540,588,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.1810, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FCC4FDF23586FB69" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[795,1006,588,611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FCC4FDF23586FB69" box="[795,1006,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Lervig,
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FB0AFDF23343FB69" box="[1237,1323,588,611]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
1879, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FDCCFDCF340BFB82" box="[531,611,625,648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.1172, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FCB4FDCC3228FB83" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[875,1088,626,649]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FCB4FDCC3228FB83" box="[875,1088,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Lervig,
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FED7FD283737FBA7" box="[264,351,662,685]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, stn. 32, microscope slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FDA0FD2834A7FBA7" box="[639,719,662,685]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.1812,
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FCA3FD2835BAFBA7" box="[892,978,662,685]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
1879, stn. 29, microscope slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FED7FD023730FBD9" box="[264,344,700,723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.1809, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FDA2FD023535FBD9" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[637,861,700,723]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FDA2FD023535FBD9" box="[637,861,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Lervig (1879),
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FB10FD02334EFBD9" box="[1231,1318,700,723]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FE12FD5F3475FBF2" box="[461,541,737,760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.1808, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FCFDFD5C359DFBF3" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[802,1013,738,761]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FCFDFD5C359DFBF3" box="[802,1013,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Lervig (1879),
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FED7FCB83737FA17" box="[264,351,774,797]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FDF2FCB83415FA17" box="[557,637,774,797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.1807, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FCA2FCB93238FA14" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[893,1104,775,798]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FCA2FCB93238FA14" box="[893,1104,775,798]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Lervig (1879),
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FE80FC9237DEFA49" box="[351,438,812,835]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FD54FC9234B3FA49" box="[651,731,812,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.1811, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FC3BFC9232D2FA49" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[996,1210,812,835]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FC3BFC9232D2FA49" box="[996,1210,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Lervig 1879,
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FE10FCEF344EFA62" box="[463,550,849,872]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FCDBFCEF353CFA62" box="[772,852,849,872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1920.4.1.78, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FB8FFCEC3343FA63" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[1104,1323,850,873]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FB8FFCEC3343FA63" box="[1104,1323,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Norman, Norman Collection,
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FD0AFCC83544FA87" box="[725,812,886,909]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FC25FCC83222FA87" box="[1018,1098,886,909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1920.4.1.79, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FED7FC2237B4FAB9" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[264,476,924,947]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FED7FC2237B4FAB9" box="[264,476,924,947]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Norman, Norman Collection,
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FC6CFC223262FAB9" box="[947,1034,924,947]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, microscope­slide;
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1356FFB1FB06FC223341FAB9" box="[1241,1321,924,947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
1920.4.1.80, labeled
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FE27FC7C34BBFAD3" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[504,723,962,985]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FE27FC7C34BBFAD3" box="[504,723,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified by Norman, Norman Collection
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FB0FFC7F334FFAD2" box="[1232,1319,961,984]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norway</collectingCountry>
, microscope­slide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951356FFB1FEE7FBB2326CFCEA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1356FFB1FEE7FBB2334CFCBC" blockId="8.[264,1323,433,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FEE7FBB237DFFD2C" bold="true" box="[312,439,1036,1062]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small thickly encrusting
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FCDFFBB235C5FD2C" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1922" box="[768,941,1036,1062]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
, with smooth, microscopically hispid surface. Surface usually with volcano­shaped or cylindrical oscules, together with mammiform to crater­shaped areolate porefields. Colour in life and in preservative unknown. The choanosomal skeleton consists of a large­meshed polygonal reticulation formed by wispy tracts of spicules with no spongin reinforcement. The ectosomal skeleton is a tangential layer of megascleres. The surface of the sponge has a distinct palisade of anisodiscorhabds. Megascleres are smooth or polytylote styles
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1356FFB1FC20FB423234FC1C" box="[1023,1116,1276,1302]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 µm</quantity>
–
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1356FFB1FBB3FB4232A2FC1C" box="[1132,1226,1276,1302]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 µm</quantity>
x
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1356FFB1FB32FB42334FFC1C" box="[1261,1319,1276,1302]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="6.0">6µm</quantity>
. Microscleres are anisodiscorhabds
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1356FFB1FD78FA9A349CFC34" box="[679,756,1316,1342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
in length (after Burton, unpublished catalogue, BMNH) (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1356FFB1FEA2FAF237B2FC6C" box="[381,474,1356,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51356FFB1FDC5FAF2341DFC6C" box="[538,629,1356,1382]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 3</tableCitation>
), with clearly distinguished basal, median and subsidiary whorls. The sponge (whose habitat and depth range is unknown), has only been recorded from the
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FEACFA223794FCBC" box="[371,508,1436,1462]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Islands in the North Atlantic (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1356FFB1FCBFFA2235CFFCBC" box="[864,935,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) (modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1356FFB1FBADFA22337FFCBC" author="Bocage, J. V." box="[1138,1303,1436,1462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref34878" refString="Bocage, J. V. Barboza du. (1869) Eponges siliceuses nouvelles de Portugal et de l'ile de Saint-Iago (archipel du Cap-vert). Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, 2, 159 - 162, pls X - XI." type="journal article" year="1869">Bocage, 1869</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1356FFB1FEE7FA7D326CFCEA" blockId="8.[264,1323,433,1905]" box="[312,1028,1475,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FEE7FA7D34E6FCEA" bold="true" box="[312,654,1475,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Geographic Distribution.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1356FFB1FD7FFA7A3485FCEA" box="[672,749,1476,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1356FFB1FCDAFA7A35F2FCEA" box="[773,922,1476,1504]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951356FFB1FEE7FA503542FE7B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1356FFB1FEE7FA503542FE7B" blockId="8.[264,1323,433,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FEE7FA5037D9FF02" bold="true" box="[312,433,1518,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1356FFB1FE2EFA51344BFF03" box="[497,547,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FD67FA5135C9FF02" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[696,929,1519,1544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FD67FA5135C9FF02" box="[696,929,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not available from the Museu Bocage,
<collectingRegion id="49E064FC1356FFB1FEACF9A937A0FF3B" box="[371,456,1559,1585]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
; Bocage's sponge collection was lost after the museum burnt down in 1978. This species has not been recorded since it was first described. Alleged fragments of the
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1356FFB1FE84F9D937E5FF8B" box="[347,397,1639,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FE63F9D934CFFF8A" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[444,679,1639,1664]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cratera">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FE63F9D934CFFF8A" box="[444,679,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have since been reported in the
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FBE2F9D932F5FF8A" box="[1085,1181,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Norman</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FB01F9D93342FF8A" box="[1246,1322,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lervig</emphasis>
collections in the BMNH, all of which have been examined and transferred to either the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FE88F90934FEFFDB" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[343,662,1719,1745]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Sceptrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FE88F90937A5FFDA" box="[343,461,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sceptrella</emphasis>
(Latrunculiidae)
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FD1BF9093232FFDB" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[708,1114,1719,1745]" class="Demospongiae" family="Podospongiidae" genus="Sigmosceptrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FD1BF90935E8FFDA" box="[708,896,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sigmosceptrella</emphasis>
(Podospongiidae)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1356FFB1FB40F90937E6FFF3" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Kelly, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="708 - 719" refId="ref36525" refString="Samaai, T. &amp; Kelly, M. (2002) Family Latrunculiidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A., &amp; R. W. M. Soest, Van (eds). Systema Porifera. Guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges and spongiomorphs (Porifera). Plenum, New York, pp. 708 - 719." type="book chapter" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1356FFB1FE0FF9613486FFF3" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[464,750,1759,1785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="708 - 719" refId="ref36525" refString="Samaai, T. &amp; Kelly, M. (2002) Family Latrunculiidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A., &amp; R. W. M. Soest, Van (eds). Systema Porifera. Guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges and spongiomorphs (Porifera). Plenum, New York, pp. 708 - 719." type="book chapter" year="2002">Kelly and Samaai 2002</bibRefCitation>
for revision on families) (
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51356FFB1FBEBF96132F8FFF3" box="[1076,1168,1759,1785]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 1: New sssignments for species previously recognised within Latrunculia Type, Paratype and Voucher (museums) material. See text for details of institutional abbreviations." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 1</tableCitation>
). While this species is poorly known, the original description, illustrations (du
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1356FFB1FB97F8B93282FE2B" author="Bocage, J. V." box="[1096,1258,1799,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref34878" refString="Bocage, J. V. Barboza du. (1869) Eponges siliceuses nouvelles de Portugal et de l'ile de Saint-Iago (archipel du Cap-vert). Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, 2, 159 - 162, pls X - XI." type="journal article" year="1869">Bocage 1869</bibRefCitation>
) and description of microsclere ontogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1356FFB1FD61F891353CFE43" author="Dendy, A." box="[702,852,1839,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref35356" refString="Dendy, A. (1917) The chessman spicule of the genus Latrunculia; a study in the origin of specific characters. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical club, vol XIII, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1917">Dendy 1917</bibRefCitation>
), have provided a clear definition of the key characters that define
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1356FFB1FDE3F8E93542FE7B" box="[572,810,1879,1905]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B950760C1356FFB1FDE3F8E934AEFE7A" box="[572,710,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Latrunculia</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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