340 lines
40 KiB
XML
340 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AA5A460978FEBEC75D550E8D00211D49">Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, and biogeography of the Blackcapped / Tawny-bellied Screech Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) complex (Aves: Strigidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9111D1E3F8A57A79ACD3628056E5BD91">Dantas, Sidnei M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0EDEC419A9A01962BE5A254F981AF621">Zoology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Pará / Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil. smdantas @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2281 - 0819 & Department of Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="923A08C8DCA5E0146AC9EB4914CB1436" type="email">smdantas@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E15F0668B5952181806DCA059E9250AC">Weckstein, Jason D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="10722507DAC50EA8AB5D572825228E0F">Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19096. tac 327 @ drexel. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3850 - 1196 & Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19096. jason. d. weckstein @ drexel. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7941 - 5724</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5DBFD20994F5001A23015A0D83552720" type="email">tac327@drexel.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FF5866D0E8E233374AAFB6D56CE17AAA">Bates, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D478F47F6D7A80B92EFAD7C9F7DC8C32">Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive Chicago, IL, USA 60605. jbates @ fieldmuseum. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5809 - 5941</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCFFB961256D65B422A031FFFAD233DE" type="email">jbates@fieldmuseum.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B3E213198A660D72904A9C9A06AEABBF">Oliveira, Joiciane N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC7593CE504EBAEBDE8024D69E9E9DB3">Department of Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil. & Graduate Program in Environmental Biology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança-PA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="97DFF5A52644B2EA4F0F5ADE498B9D4C">Catanach, Therese A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61DA387CBC9E7ADE45D106DA0B5B18AA">Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19096. jason. d. weckstein @ drexel. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7941 - 5724</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D9A248F08211B589D8F79E45DBC6A78B" type="email">jason.d.weckstein@drexel.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2E1FF6BCF8ED5B87D22BE66D8F0905F1">Aleixo, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06BC8F71E51F23138DCCDDFD5B15A1AD">Department of Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil. & Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9C6CAFAFE3A56F8A258150CA0CC839AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E3547895875D494D904827E54CD56C96">
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<mods:date id="DBB9D76BA0F73A2679F964A85D72AE1C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9750CD4D79F69818C581790315EF931F">2021-03-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E235C1D806F31B3B3F1EA9987355DE2E">4949</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8337F91359F2AF5741B7832B88799EEA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D98791FFDE2215FF55FBFFFAAC8025" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647746" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180780130" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4647746" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D98791FFDE2215FF55FBFFFAAC8025" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98791FFDE2215FF55FBFFFAAC8025" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<subSubSection id="C36A650CFFDE2214FF55FBFFFE758561" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55FBFFFDBA850C" blockId="26.[151,576,1050,1113]" box="[151,576,1050,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<heading id="D08781EBFFDE2214FF55FBFFFDBA850C" bold="true" box="[151,576,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FF55FBFFFDBA850C" ID-CoL="6QW8X" authority="(Cassin, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[151,576,1050,1077]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF55FBFFFDBA850C" bold="true" box="[151,576,1050,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF55FBFFFE73850D" bold="true" box="[151,393,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Megascops watsonii</emphasis>
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(Cassin, 1848)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55FBDBFE758561" blockId="26.[151,576,1050,1113]" box="[151,399,1087,1113]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Guianan Screech-Owl</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A650CFFDE2214FF55FB67FD0D85CF" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55FB67FDFC85A3" blockId="26.[151,1437,1155,1516]" box="[151,518,1155,1179]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF55FB67FE8485A3" box="[151,382,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">corujinha-das-guianas</emphasis>
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(Portuguese)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55FB46FCDB8582" blockId="26.[151,1437,1155,1516]" box="[151,801,1186,1210]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FF55FB46FE278582" authority="Cassin, 1848" authorityName="Cassin" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,477,1186,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ephialtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsonii">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF55FB46FEA98581" box="[151,339,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Ephialtes watsonii</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B183CDAFFDE2214FE9BFB46FE278582" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063279311" box="[345,477,1186,1210]" collectionCode="ANSP" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">Cassin, 1848</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54CB8825FFDE2214FE2BFB46FDAB8582" box="[489,593,1186,1210]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
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at ANSP examined)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55FB25FD0D85CF" blockId="26.[151,1437,1155,1516]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FF55FB25FE3B85E1" authority="(Cassin, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[151,449,1216,1241]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Otus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF55FB25FED985E0" box="[151,291,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Otus watsonii</emphasis>
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(Cassin, 1848)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FE09FB25FDBB85E1" author="Cory, C. B." box="[459,577,1217,1241]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref23942" refString="Cory, C. B. (1918) Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. Part. II. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological Series XIII. Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, 315 pp." type="book" year="1918">Cory (1918</bibRefCitation>
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; part: specimens east of the Negro and Amazon rivers including southern
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, northern
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<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FEE1FB3BFE9985CF" box="[291,355,1247,1271]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FEACFB3BFE4085CF" box="[366,442,1247,1271]" name="Guyana" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Guiana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FE06FB3BFDE685CF" box="[452,540,1247,1271]" name="Suriname" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Surinam</collectingCountry>
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, and French Guiana).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A650CFFDE2214FF55FB1AFEB68668" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55FB1AFF00846B" blockId="26.[151,1437,1155,1516]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FF55FB1AFDE6842E" ID-CoL="4B8JY" authority="watsonii (Cassin, 1848)" authorityName="watsonii (Cassin" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[151,540,1278,1302]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Otus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="watsonii" subSpecies="watsonii">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF55FB1AFE85842D" box="[151,383,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Otus watsonii watsonii</emphasis>
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(Cassin, 1848)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FDE7FB1AFD29842E" author="Chapman, F. M." box="[549,723,1278,1302]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref23701" refString="Chapman, F. M. (1928) Descriptions of new birds from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru. American Museum Novitates, No. 332, 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1928">Chapman (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FD1FFB1AFC9D842E" author="Peters, J. L." box="[733,871,1278,1302]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref28287" refString="Peters, J. L. (1940) Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 291 pp." type="book" year="1940">Peters (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FCB3FB1AFBCD842E" author="Marks, J. S. & Cannings, R. J. & Mikkola, H." box="[881,1079,1278,1302]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref27012" refString="Marks, J. S., Cannings, R. J. & Mikkola, H. (1999) Family Strigidae. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 1 - 759." type="book" year="1999">
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Marks
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||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FC7AFB1BFC11842E" box="[952,1003,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
|
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(1999)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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; Weick (2006): 84 (part: specimens east of the Negro and Amazon rivers including southern
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FCD7FAF8FC7A840C" box="[789,896,1308,1332]" name="Venezuela" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FC28FAF8FBD0840C" box="[1002,1066,1308,1332]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FBF4FAF8FB78840C" box="[1078,1154,1308,1332]" name="Guyana" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FB4CFAF8FB1C840C" box="[1166,1254,1308,1332]" name="Suriname" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Surinam</collectingCountry>
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, and French Guiana).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55FABFFB9584A8" blockId="26.[151,1437,1155,1516]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FF55FABFFDF8844A" ID-CoL="6QW8X" authority="(Cassin, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[151,514,1370,1394]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF55FABFFE9F8449" box="[151,357,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Megascops watsonii</emphasis>
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(Cassin, 1848)
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FDCEFABEFD2A844A" author="Konig, C. & Weick, F. & Becking, J. H." box="[524,720,1370,1394]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref26717" refString="Konig, C., Weick, F. & Becking, J. H. (1999) Owls: a Guide to the Owls of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 462 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
König
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FD93FABFFD7E844A" box="[593,644,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FD18FABEFC47844A" author="Konig, C. & Weick, F." box="[730,957,1370,1394]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref26684" refString="Konig, C. & Weick, F. (2008) Owls of the World. Christopher Helm / A & C Black Publishers Ltd., London, 528 pp." type="book" year="2008">König & Weick (2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; part: specimens east of the Negro and Amazon rivers including southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FE08FA9CFDCF84A8" box="[458,565,1400,1424]" name="Venezuela" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FD59FA9CFD2184A8" box="[667,731,1400,1424]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FD24FA9CFCC884A8" box="[742,818,1400,1424]" name="Guyana" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FCFEFA9CFC6E84A8" box="[828,916,1400,1424]" name="Suriname" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and French Guiana).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55FA7CFE9784D4" blockId="26.[151,1437,1155,1516]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FF55FA7CFD908497" ID-CoL="5JKVC" authority="watsonii (Cassin, 1848)" authorityName="watsonii (Cassin" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[151,618,1431,1455]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="watsonii" subSpecies="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF55FA7CFE3D8497" box="[151,455,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Megascops watsonii watsonii</emphasis>
|
||
(Cassin, 1848)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FDB7FA73FC598497" author="Dickinson, E. C. & Remsen Jr., J. V." box="[629,931,1431,1455]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref24239" refString="Dickinson, E. C. & Remsen Jr., J. V. (Eds.), (2013) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1. 4 th Edition. Non-Passerines, Aves Press, Eastbourne, 461 pp." type="book" year="2013">Dickinson & Remsen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FC73FA73FB648497" author="Clements, J. F. & Schulenberg, T. S. & Iliff, M. J. & Billerman, S. M. & Fredericks, T. A. & Sullivan, B. L. & Wood, C. L." box="[945,1182,1431,1455]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref23808" refString="Clements, J. F., Schulenberg, T. S., Iliff, M. J., Billerman, S. M., Fredericks, T. A., Sullivan, B. L. & Wood, C. L. (2019) The eBird / Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. Version 2019. Available from: https: // www. birds. cornell. edu / clementschecklist / download (accessed 16 February 2021)" type="url" year="2019">
|
||
Clements
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FBDBFA7CFBB58497" box="[1049,1103,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FB69FA73FAA68497" author="Gill, F. & Donsker, D. & Rasmussen, P." box="[1195,1372,1431,1455]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref25313" refString="Gill, F., Donsker, D. & Rasmussen, P. (2020) IOC World Bird List. Version 10.1. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.14344 / IOC. ML. 10.1 (accessed 16 February 2021)" type="book" year="2020">
|
||
Gill
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FB19FA7CFAEB8497" box="[1243,1297,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(part: specimens east of the Negro and Amazon rivers including southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FC56FA52FC0584F6" box="[916,1023,1462,1486]" name="Venezuela" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FBA9FA52FB5184F6" box="[1131,1195,1462,1486]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FB7BFA52FAFF84F6" box="[1209,1285,1462,1486]" name="Guyana" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FAD0FA52FA9084F6" box="[1298,1386,1462,1486]" name="Suriname" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and French Guiana).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2214FF55F9F1FEB68668" blockId="26.[151,1437,1557,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
The type locality of this taxon is defined as “Orinoco River,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FC9AF9F1FC348717" box="[856,974,1557,1583]" name="Venezuela" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDE2214FC2BF9F1FB628717" author="Chapman, F. M." box="[1001,1176,1557,1583]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref23701" refString="Chapman, F. M. (1928) Descriptions of new birds from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru. American Museum Novitates, No. 332, 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1928">Chapman 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and it corresponds to Clade A recovered herein as the lineage of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FD62F9DEFBD2876B" box="[672,1064,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FD62F9DEFCE4876B" ID-CoL="5N2J" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[672,798,1594,1619]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megascops</taxonomicName>
|
||
atricapilla-M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FC0BF9DEFBD2876B" ID-CoL="6QW8X" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[969,1064,1594,1619]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">watsonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
complex restricted to the Guiana Shield, east of the Branco and Negro rivers, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FD71F9B9FD00874F" box="[691,762,1629,1655]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FCA4F9B9FC26874F" box="[870,988,1629,1655]" name="Venezuela" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FC2AF9B9FBB8874F" box="[1000,1090,1629,1655]" name="Guyana" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, French Guiana, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDE2214FAF4F9B9FA63874F" box="[1334,1433,1629,1655]" name="Suriname" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. As reported above, sequences obtained from one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB8825FFDE2214FCCBF965FC8187A3" box="[777,891,1665,1691]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FC63F966FB3F87A4" ID-CoL="6QW8X" authority="(ANSP 2445)" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[929,1221,1665,1692]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FC63F966FBDF87A3" box="[929,1061,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. watsonii</emphasis>
|
||
(ANSP 2445)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
confidently placed it within Clade A (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A02FFDE2214FEABF941FE5487F8" box="[361,430,1701,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[330,1264,521,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-177@10.[307,1280,489,1748]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. ML results for the position of the Megascops watsonii lectotype (ANSP 2445) with respect to the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii clades recovered in the study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4640340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4640340/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Statistical support for the reciprocal monophyly and significant coalescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FA86F942FF3787DB" ID-CoL="6QW8X" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FA86F942FF3787DB" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. watsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with respect to the other species in the complex was high in all analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A02FFDE2214FBE3F92DFB8A87DB" box="[1057,1136,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,914,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-249@8.[151,1436,914,1767]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Results of ML and BI phylogenetic analyses based on 3969 bp of the concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear genes sequenced in this study. Numbers associated with nodes represent BI posterior probability and ML bootstrap values respectively. Asterisks (*) represent BI values> 0.95 and ML values> 95%. Main clades (labelled A‒F) recovered by the molecular analyses are shown, along with the different areas of endemism where they occur, as follows: Gu (Guiana); Gu* (westernmost part of the Guiana area of endemism); Na (Napo); Im (Imeri); In (Inambari); Ro (Rondonia); Ta (Tapajós); Ta* (southernmost part of the Tapajós area of endemism); Xi (Xingu); Xi* (southernmost part of the Xingu area of endemism); Be (Belém); PE (Pernambuco); and AF (Atlantic Forest south of the Sao Francisco River). See also Fig. 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4640336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4640336/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A02FFDE2214FB6BF92DFB4087DB" box="[1193,1210,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1076]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[151,1436,181,1076]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Species tree (ST) and BPP chronogram for the diversification of the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex. Main clades (labelled A‒F) recovered by the molecular analyses are shown. Black bars associated with each node are 95% credibility intervals for node ages (in mya). Numbers above black bars denote nodal posterior probabilities and signs below the bars are speciation probabilities under the three prior distributions used for BPP analysis. Asterisks (*) indicate high speciation probabilities (PP> 0.95)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4640338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4640338/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Average corrected pairwise p-distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FE30F90AFD80863F" ID-CoL="6QW8X" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[498,634,1774,1799]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FE30F90AFD80863F" box="[498,634,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. watsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the remaining species in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FBCEF90AFA66863F" box="[1036,1436,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FBCEF90AFB70863F" ID-CoL="5N2J" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[1036,1162,1774,1799]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megascops</taxonomicName>
|
||
atricapilla-M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FAFFF90AFA66863F" ID-CoL="6QW8X" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[1341,1436,1774,1799]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">watsonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
complex were as follows: 6.7% (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FDCFF8F6FD998613" ID-CoL="4VVSX" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[525,611,1810,1835]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FDCFF8F6FD998613" box="[525,611,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. usta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 6.4 % (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FD0DF8F6FCAF8613" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[719,853,1810,1835]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stangiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FD0DF8F6FCAF8613" box="[719,853,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. stangiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 6.7%
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FC72F8F6FBF78613" box="[944,1037,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FC7BF8F6FBF78613" baseAuthorityName="Hekstra" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[953,1037,1810,1836]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">M. ater</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); 6.6 % (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FBB8F8F6FAE28613" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[1146,1304,1809,1835]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alagoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FBB8F8F6FAE28613" box="[1146,1304,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. alagoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and 7.1% (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FF63F8D2FEC68677" ID-CoL="3YXDY" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[161,316,1845,1871]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricapilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF63F8D2FEC68677" box="[161,316,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. atricapilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A650CFFDE2215FF05F8BDFAAC8025" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDE2215FF05F8BDFD0081ED" blockId="26.[151,1437,1557,2016]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
Dark morphs of this species tend to be darker than individuals from other species in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FB5AF8BEFEE086AF" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FB5AF8BEFAEC864B" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[1176,1302,1882,1907]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megascops</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FADFF8BDFEE086AF" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">atricapilla-M. watsonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
complex, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FDC1F89AFDAE86AF" baseAuthorityName="Hekstra" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[515,596,1918,1943]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FDC1F89AFDAE86AF" box="[515,596,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), from which it differs mainly in back color. In some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FF75F846FEC68683" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[183,316,1954,1980]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF75F846FF348683" box="[183,206,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FF1FF846FEC68683" box="[221,316,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">watsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e. g. MPEG 66635), the back is black. The darker individuals also tend to have wider and bolder underparts striping than in other species of the complex, which distinguishes them from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDE2214FBA9F822FB4786E7" baseAuthorityName="Hekstra" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1131,1213,1990,2015]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDE2214FBA9F822FB4786E7" box="[1131,1213,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">M. ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dark morphs. However, as is usual within this genus, the tremendous individual variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FC29FF73FB888188" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[1003,1138,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FC29FF73FB888188" box="[1003,1138,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. watsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
makes any generalization about diagnostic morphological characters impossible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF05FF3BFAAC8025" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
Longsong distinguishable from slower-paced longsongs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FC9EFF3BFC1A81C0" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[860,992,223,248]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stangiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FC9EFF3BFC1A81C0" box="[860,992,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. stangiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FBD7FF3BFB9381C0" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1045,1129,223,248]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FBD7FF3BFB9381C0" box="[1045,1129,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. usta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and faster paced longsongs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF74FEE7FEAB8025" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[182,337,259,285]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricapilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF74FEE7FEAB8025" box="[182,337,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. atricapilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A02FFDF2215FEA2FEE7FE5C8025" box="[352,422,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1132,1156]" captionTargetBox="[207,1378,200,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[207,1380,200,1108]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Geographic variation in longsong paces (notes/s) across clades A–F in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex. Locality codes are given as letters followed by numbers and can be found in full in the Appendix. Numbers next to locality dots represent locally measured longsong pace values. When more than one individual was sampled at a given locality, the total number of longsongs measured is given in parentheses, with reported values representing averages." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4640348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4640348/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2033CFFDF2215FE73FEE7FDF58025" box="[433,527,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1560,1584]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 6. Mean and standard deviation values of nine “longsong” characters measured for Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii individuals belonging to clades A‒F (see also Fig. 9)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0F660FFFCA2200FF55F9FCFCCB876C" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" tableUuid="DF0F660FFFCA2200FF55F9FCFCCB876C">Tables 6</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2033CFFDF2215FD87FEE7FD9E8025" box="[581,612,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 10. Results of pairwise diagnosability tests employed among Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii clades A‒F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0F660FFFD0221AFF55FF73FA678188" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" tableUuid="DF0F660FFFD0221AFF55FF73FA678188">10</tableCitation>
|
||
). Shortsong faster-paced than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FC16FEE7FBD38024" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[980,1065,259,284]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FC16FEE7FBD38024" box="[980,1065,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. usta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FB9DFEE7FB198024" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[1119,1251,259,284]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stangiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FB9DFEE7FB198024" box="[1119,1251,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. stangiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2033CFFDF2215FB33FEE7FAB28025" box="[1265,1352,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 8. Mean and standard deviation values of nine “shortsong” characters measured for Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii individuals belonging to clades A‒F." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0F660FFFD5221FFF55FF73FD8581EC" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" tableUuid="DF0F660FFFD5221FFF55FF73FD8581EC">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |