110 lines
10 KiB
XML
110 lines
10 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.28.3514" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248776" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-28-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9874B62229101918DB34FFF3FFA7FFF4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574788" ModsDocID="1314-2607-28-37" checkinTime="1621552697170" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kimsey, Lynn S. & Carpenter, James M." docDate="2012" docId="B145C81DAD46D3D2C69F4AD6F16BA508" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28" docPubDate="2012-08-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.28.3514" docTitle="Vespula germanica" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="9874B62229101918DB34FFF3FFA7FFF4" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="9874B62229101918DB34FFF3FFA7FFF4" masterDocTitle="The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1643548883054" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kimsey, Lynn S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lskimsey@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-08-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.28.3514</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.28.3514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-28-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9874B62229101918DB34FFF3FFA7FFF4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574788</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4F645023-D7A5-4C7D-A5A7-AAF9E22185AD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B145C81DAD46D3D2C69F4AD6F16BA508" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B145C81DAD46D3D2C69F4AD6F16BA508" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Vespula_germanica" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespula germanica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanica">Vespula germanica (Fabricius)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Vespula germanica worker a side view b dorsal view; Vespula pensylvanica worker c side view d dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11535" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Figs 1a, b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–13" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 13. 11 - 12 Front view of face 5 - 7 Dorsal view of head 8 - 10 Lateral view of head 11 Dorsal view of thorax 12, 13 Lateral view of male metasomal tergum VII." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11536" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–25" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 14 - 25. Front view of face, antennae removed. Vpl. = Vespula." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11537" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">19</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–47" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 38 - 47. Dorsal view of worker metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11539" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">40</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 59–71" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 59 - 71. Lateral view of genital capsule in Vespula (Vpl). Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus p = paramere." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11541" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">67</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 72–84" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 72 - 84. Ventral view of genital capsule in Vespula (Vpl). Abbreviations: A. = dorsal view of paramere ae = aedeagus p = paramere v = volsella Vpl. = Vespula." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11542" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">83</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">Vespa maculata</taxonomicName>
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?
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<bibRefCitation author="Scopoli, JA" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refId="B66" refString="Scopoli, JA, 1763. Entomologia carniolica exhibens Insecta Carnioliae indigena. Vindobonae." title="Entomologia carniolica exhibens Insecta Carnioliae indigena. Vindobonae." year="1763">Scopoli 1763</bibRefCitation>
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:312. Type destroyed;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Carnioliae”">"Carnioliae"</normalizedToken>
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(Slovenia). Nec
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Vespa maculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refId="B50" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1763. Centuria insectorum rariorum. Amoenitates Academicae 6, Holmiae, 384-415." title="Centuria insectorum rariorum. Amoenitates Academicae 6, Holmiae, 384 - 415." year="1763">Linnaeus 1763</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1792" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macularis">Vespa macularis</taxonomicName>
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?
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<bibRefCitation author="Olivier, AG" journalOrPublisher="US Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refId="B54" refString="Olivier, AG, 1791-1792. Encyclopedie Methodique 6, Pt. 2. Paris." title="Encyclopedie Methodique 6, Pt. 2. Paris." year="1791 - 1792">Olivier 1792</bibRefCitation>
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:695. Unjustified emendation of
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Vespa maculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Scopoli.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J.C.Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanica">Vespa germanica</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, JC" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refId="B35" refString="Fabricius, JC, 1793. Entomologia Systematica, 2. Hafniae." title="Entomologia Systematica, 2. Hafniae." year="1793">Fabricius 1793</bibRefCitation>
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:256. Type unknown;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Kiliae”">"Kiliae"</normalizedToken>
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(Germany) (repository unknown).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Vespula germanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been unintentionally introduced into temperate regions worldwide. It apparently first appeared in Montreal in the 1960's and other parts of eastern North America in the 1970's, although there is a record of the species collected in Ithaca, New York in 1891 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Menke, AS" journalOrPublisher="US Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" pagination="193 - 200" refId="B53" refString="Menke, AS, Snelling, RR, 1975. Vespula germanica (Fabricius), an adventive yellow jacket in the northeastern United States. US Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report 25 (11): 193 - 200" title="Vespula germanica (Fabricius), an adventive yellow jacket in the northeastern United States." volume="25" year="1975">Menke and Snelling 1975</bibRefCitation>
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). The species reached California by 1989.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="46">The nests are usually built in structures or less commonly in the ground. Nests can be huge and may become perennial in warmer climates. These wasps feed on live prey or scavenge any source of protein or sugar.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |