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<document id="7FAC063950873B65370CA13F1630F927" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.2SLASH10462" ID-CLB-Dataset="36297" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0abf37ce-8190-42a4-87bc-96f3c8e10a38" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="376905" ID-ZooBank="C67937C9-844F-461E-AABB-121B9C3CE5FA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1489393351114" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Willems, Wim R., Reygel, Patrick, Steenkiste, Niels Van, Tessens, Bart &amp; Artois, Tom J." docDate="2017" docId="03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4242.3.2SLASH10462.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4242 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg 1831" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="453" masterDocId="FFC2FF935222E3445729AD38FFA0D959" masterDocTitle="Kalyptorhynchia (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), with the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="466" masterPageNumber="441" pageNumber="453" updateTime="1698437864087" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="810717DF8966C5D9432FBF2F723CF736">Kalyptorhynchia (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), with the description of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB7BFF986940A77293C3852DF285D154">Willems, Wim R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A60423D180008F461DE2037E31588221">Reygel, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FBEEEB2BF3ADBF359BCF7660E9FCECAC">Steenkiste, Niels Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="485C51F83836389C79AB16C0ED871458">Tessens, Bart</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33F7DB00117C6335BC470DAC03021755">Artois, Tom J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689670" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127843764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02" lastPageNumber="453" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">
<subSubSection id="C3486576522EE34857BEA9AFFB0DDC96" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BED36FD522EE34857BEA9AFFCCBDDEB" blockId="12.[151,875,1175,1202]" box="[151,875,1175,1202]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">
<heading id="D0A58191522EE34857BEA9AFFCCBDDEB" bold="true" box="[151,875,1175,1202]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE34857BEA9AFFCCBDDEB" bold="true" box="[151,875,1175,1202]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D7E522EE34857BEA9AFFD3EDDEB" ID-CoL="6KVFM" authority="Ehrenberg, 1831" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,670,1175,1202]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Gyratrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermaphroditus">
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE34857BEA9AFFE67DDE8" bold="true" box="[151,455,1175,1201]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Gyratrix hermaphroditus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B0C522EE34856E7A9A0FD3EDDEB" author="Ehrenberg" box="[462,670,1176,1202]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1831) Animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis recensuit C. G. Ehrenberg. Series prima cum Tabularum decade prima. In: Hemprich, F. G. &amp; Ehrenberg, C. G. (Eds.), Symbolae Physicae 2. Phytozoa Turbellaria. Officina Academica, Berolina, pp. 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1831">Ehrenberg, 1831</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
species complex
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36FD522EE34857BEA9E6FB0DDC96" blockId="12.[151,1437,1246,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CA0522EE34857BEA9E6FAF5DC66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439511221" collectingDate="2009-12-05" county="New" latitude="-28.280416" location="Eastern Shores" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.485027" municipality="Wetland Park" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE34857BEA9E6FEE6DDAE" bold="true" box="[151,326,1246,1271]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">
<collectingCounty id="628C4E71522EE34857BEA9E6FF6CDDAE" box="[151,204,1246,1271]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">New</collectingCounty>
localities.
</emphasis>
iSimangaliso
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89AC87522EE34856C4A9E6FD2DDDAE" box="[493,653,1246,1271]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Wetland Park</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8E8D6026522EE34855B2A9E7FCE8DDAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02:8E8D6026522EE34855B2A9E7FCE8DDAE" box="[667,840,1246,1271]" county="New" latitude="-28.280416" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.485027" municipality="Wetland Park" name="Eastern Shores" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Eastern Shores</location>
,
<location id="8E8D6026522EE348547EA9E6FBA2DDAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02:8E8D6026522EE348547EA9E6FBA2DDAE" box="[855,1026,1246,1271]" county="New" latitude="-28.280416" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.485027" municipality="Wetland Park" name="Mission Rocks" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Mission Rocks</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE66503A522EE348533FA9E6FB16DDAE" box="[1046,1206,1246,1271]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" precision="1" value="-28.280416">28°1649.5S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE66503A522EE34853EFA9E6FAC8DDAE" box="[1222,1384,1246,1271]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" precision="1" value="32.485027">32°2906.1E</geoCoordinate>
), on small red algae from a sandy shallow rock pool in the higher eulittoral of a highly-exposed tidal area with a sandstone terrace covered with barnacles, mussels, limpets, corals, tunicates and algae,
<date id="FFEC103D522EE34853A9A81EFAF5DC66" box="[1152,1365,1318,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-05">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E9D5522EE34853A9A81EFAF5DC66" box="[1152,1365,1318,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-05">December 5, 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CA0522EE348524AA81FFDCFDC3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439511218" collectingDate="2009-12-12" county="New" latitude="-28.280416" location="Eastern Shores" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.485027" municipality="Wetland Park" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="1">
same locality, on red algae,
<date id="FFEC103D522EE34856A7A872FDCFDC3A" box="[398,623,1354,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E9D5522EE34856A7A872FDCFDC3A" box="[398,623,1354,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-12">December 12, 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CA0522EE3485553A873FF73DCDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439511206" collectingDate="2009-12-12" county="New" latitude="-28.280416" location="Eastern Shores" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.485027" municipality="Wetland Park" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="1">
same locality, in sand from a swirl hole in mid-eulittoral,
<date id="FFEC103D522EE34853D6A872FF73DCDE" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E9D5522EE34853D6A872FF73DCDE" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-12">December 12, 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CA0522EE34857F4A856FBA9DCF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439511219" collectingDate="2009-12-10" latitude="-27.541222" location="Jesser Point" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.679974" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay">
Sodwana
<collectingRegion id="4996F81F522EE3485662A848FED9DCD1" box="[331,377,1392,1416]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Bay</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E8D6026522EE34856ACA848FDAADCDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02:8E8D6026522EE34856ACA848FDAADCDE" box="[389,522,1390,1415]" latitude="-27.541222" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.679974" name="Jesser Point" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" stateProvince="Bay">Jesser Point</location>
(lighthouse) (
<geoCoordinate id="EE66503A522EE348558EA857FC9FDCDE" box="[679,831,1391,1415]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" precision="1" value="-27.541222">27°32'28.4&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE66503A522EE3485463A857FC41DCDE" box="[842,993,1391,1415]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" precision="1" value="32.679974">32°40'47.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
) highly-exposed, steep beach, on green algae from swirl holes in rocky plateau in mid-eulittoral,
<date id="FFEC103D522EE348540FA8AAFBA9DCF2" box="[806,1033,1426,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E9D5522EE348540FA8AAFBA9DCF2" box="[806,1033,1426,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-10">December 10, 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CA0522EE348533FA8AAFB0DDC96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439511215" collectingDate="2009-12-15" collectorName="Xander Combrink" location="Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay">
Kosi
<collectingRegion id="4996F81F522EE348537AA8ABFB20DCF2" box="[1107,1152,1427,1451]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Bay</collectingRegion>
estuary, eastern shore of main lake, water plants, salinity 34‰,
<date id="FFEC103D522EE348557FA88EFC92DC96" box="[598,818,1462,1487]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-15">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E9D5522EE348557FA88EFC92DC96" box="[598,818,1462,1487]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-15">December 15, 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(collected by
<collectorName id="26A7532B522EE34854F8A88EFB02DC96" box="[977,1186,1462,1487]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Xander Combrink</collectorName>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486576522EE34857EEA8E2FA8EDCAA" box="[199,1326,1498,1523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED36FD522EE34857EEA8E2FA8EDCAA" blockId="12.[151,1437,1246,1883]" box="[199,1326,1498,1523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE34857EEA8E2FE1ADCAA" bold="true" box="[199,442,1498,1523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Known distribution.</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan and euryhaline, found from pure marine to pure limnic habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486576522EE34857EEA8C6FC25DF06" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BED36FD522EE34857EEA8C6FC25DF06" blockId="12.[151,1437,1246,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE34857EEA8C6FE96DF4E" bold="true" box="[199,310,1534,1559]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Material.</emphasis>
Several specimens observed at each location, 14 specimens collected and preserved for DNAanalysis: Mission Rocks, on red algae, 1 specimen;
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CA0522EE34855FEAB1AFBD5DF62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439511213" box="[727,1141,1570,1595]" location="Mission Rocks" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="4">
<location id="8E8D6026522EE34855FEAB1AFC21DF62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02:8E8D6026522EE34855FEAB1AFC21DF62" box="[727,897,1570,1595]" name="Mission Rocks" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Mission Rocks</location>
, in sand,
<specimenCount id="9D54FD74522EE34854C0AB1BFBD5DF62" box="[1001,1141,1570,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CA0522EE34853A8AB1BFE39DF06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439511217" location="Jesser Point" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="6">
<location id="8E8D6026522EE34853A8AB1BFAA8DF62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87EB522EE34857BEA9AFFD00DE02:8E8D6026522EE34853A8AB1BFAA8DF62" box="[1153,1288,1570,1595]" name="Jesser Point" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Jesser Point</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D54FD74522EE348523AAB1AFA3DDF62" box="[1299,1437,1570,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
(including one yellow)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CA0522EE348568CAB7EFC25DF06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439511207" box="[421,901,1606,1632]" location="Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Bay">
Kosi
<collectingRegion id="4996F81F522EE34856C8AB70FDAFDF39" box="[481,527,1608,1632]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Bay</collectingRegion>
,
<specimenCount id="9D54FD74522EE3485533AB7FFD04DF06" box="[538,676,1606,1631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B0C522EE34855F6AB70FCD9DF06" author="Tessens" box="[735,889,1607,1631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" refString="Tessens, B. (2012) Dealing with a taxonomic Gordian knot: phylogeny of and cryptic diversity in Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela, Kalyptorhynchia). Doctoral Thesis, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, 145 pp." type="book" year="2012">Tessens 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486576522EE34857EEAB52FD00DE02" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BED36FD522EE34857EEAB52FD00DE02" blockId="12.[151,1437,1246,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE34857EEAB52FE9BDFDA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1642,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Remarks.</emphasis>
Morphological, karyological and molecular research by (among others)
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B0C522EE348534DAB52FF7BDFFE" author="Curini-Galletti" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" refString="Curini-Galletti, M. C. &amp; Puccinelli, I. (1989) Karyometric and morphological analysis of 2 sympatric marine species of the Gyratrix hermaphroditus species complex (Platyhelminthes: Kalyptorhynchia) occuring at Roscoff (Brittany, France). Hydrobiologia, 173, 63 - 68." type="journal article" year="1989">Curini-Galletti &amp; Puccinelli (1989</bibRefCitation>
, 1990, 1994, 1998),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B0C522EE34856E2ABB6FCFEDFFE" author="Puccinelli" box="[459,862,1678,1703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" refString="Puccinelli, I. &amp; Curini-Galletti, M. C. (1987) Chromosomal evolution and speciation in marine populations of Gyratrix hermaphroditus sensu lato (Platyhelminthes: Kalyptorhynchia) and in other species of the Gyratricinae. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 106, 311 - 320." type="journal article" year="1987">Puccinelli &amp; Curini-Galletti (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, Puccinelli
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE34854CFABA8FB81DFFE" box="[998,1057,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
(1990), Timoshkin
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE348522FABA8FAE1DFFE" box="[1286,1345,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
(2004), and, more recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B0C522EE34856ABAB8BFD8FDF92" author="Tessens" box="[386,559,1715,1739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" refString="Tessens, B. (2012) Dealing with a taxonomic Gordian knot: phylogeny of and cryptic diversity in Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela, Kalyptorhynchia). Doctoral Thesis, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, 145 pp." type="book" year="2012">Tessens (2012)</bibRefCitation>
have shown that this &quot;species&quot; is a large complex of cryptic species. The molecular analysis by
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, including marine and limnic specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C524D7E522EE3485311ABEFFAFDDFB6" authority="Ehrenberg, 1831" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[1080,1373,1750,1775]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Gyratrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAEF522EE3485311ABEFFB38DFB7" box="[1080,1176,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">Gyratrix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B0C522EE3485388ABEEFAFDDFB6" author="Ehrenberg" box="[1185,1373,1750,1775]" pageId="12" pageNumber="453" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1831) Animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis recensuit C. G. Ehrenberg. Series prima cum Tabularum decade prima. In: Hemprich, F. G. &amp; Ehrenberg, C. G. (Eds.), Symbolae Physicae 2. Phytozoa Turbellaria. Officina Academica, Berolina, pp. 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1831">Ehrenberg, 1831</bibRefCitation>
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from all continents, reveals several clades, which can be distinguished from each other by subtle differences in the construction of stylet and sheath. The
<collectingRegion id="4996F81F522EE348556DAA26FD26DE6E" box="[580,646,1822,1847]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="12" pageNumber="453">South</collectingRegion>
African specimens are attributed to different clades and morphotypes. For more information, refer to
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>