treatments-xml/data/03/FB/87/03FB878DFF9D9E41A82CFE32524CCEC5.xml

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<mods:title>Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Bruno Rossaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Carlotta Casalegno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2001</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2001-08-31</mods:number>
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Key to some West Palaearctic species of the subgenus
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[935,1093,444,470]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Orthocladius</emphasis>
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Thoracic horn long, smooth and narrow, brown at base, colourless thereafter (Langton
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Cranston,
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Fig.
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g). Exuviae brown with transparent intersegmental bands. Abdominal segments with a dark brown anterior transverse band continued posteriorly along the lateral adhesion marks, the rest of the tergites and sternites paler. Abdominal
<emphasis box="[312,419,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TIIVI(VII)</emphasis>
nearly or completely covered with points between the lateral adhesion marks. On segment
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two or three lateral setae, at most approach half the segment length. Anal lobes dark, tapered from the middle to the tips..................
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 Thoracic horn length does not exceed
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.
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Armament of abdominal tergites usually much less extensive and posterior abdominal segments are pale (except in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marchetti">
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<collectingCountry box="[1294,1318,844,869]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
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). Lateral abdominal setae short, except in
<emphasis box="[922,1267,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<collectingCountry box="[922,946,884,909]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O</collectingCountry>
. ruffoi
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.................
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Anal lobes rarely with lateral setae, points on tergites generally not extended overall....................................................
<taxonomicName authority="(Zetterstedt)" authorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1076,1320,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">
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(Zetterstedt)
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 Anal lobes with an extensive fringe of setae, points on tergites extensive (Langton
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Cranston, Fig.
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)...............................
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Langton
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Cranston
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Apical macrosetae of anal lobes about as long as the lobes, brittle, not hooked at tip. All five lateral setae of segment
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particularly conspicuous, over half the length of segment
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brown. Pedes spurii B absent. Anal lobes with a lateral fringe of sparse hairlike taeniate extensions of cuticle. Abdominal segments more or less evenly brownish (Langton
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Cranston,
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Fig.
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e,
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b,
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a), (
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Rossaro
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Prato
<number box="[1096,1157,1244,1270]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1991.0">1991</number>
,
<figureCitation box="[1170,1239,1244,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[364,1211,594,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[354,1222,593,1205]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. 2.3 = O. ticinoi: taeniate extensions of cuticle at the tip of anal lobes; 2.4 = O. obumbratus: taeniate extensions of cuticle at the tip of anal lobes; 2.5 = O. marchetti: anal lobes without taeniate extensions of cuticle" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155494/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Fig.
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3
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)...................................................
<taxonomicName authority="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[1054,1320,1284,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruffoi">
<emphasis box="[1054,1119,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ruffoi</emphasis>
Rossaro
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Prato
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 Apical macrosetae of anal lobes shorter than the length of the lobes and usually hooked at tip. Pedes spurii B on segment
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conspicuous. Lateral setae of segment
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weak..............................................................
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<keyLead pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Posterior point band on
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extending laterally than the apical band.
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with median points somewhat larger than the more lateral, showing as a more or less circular area within the point patch. Usually setae on
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<collectionCode box="[980,1016,1533,1559]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SIII</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
forked or branched, this occurring to a lesser extent on S
<emphasis box="[688,702,1585,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">II</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[765,1222,1574,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
SIV......................
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group
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 Posterior point band on
<emphasis box="[609,646,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectionCode box="[609,646,1623,1648]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TIII</collectionCode>
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not extending further laterally than the apical band (in most species equalling the width of the posterior band). Forked or branched setae rare and usually confined to the apical segments...............................
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Apical setae of anal lobes short, less than half the lobe length, almost straight, only slightly hooked at tip (
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Langton
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Cranston
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, Fig.
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h
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). Posterior band of T
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extending further laterally than the apical band................
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker)" authorityName="sensu Brundin" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1110,1320,1828,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis box="[1110,1209,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">oblidens</emphasis>
(Walker)
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 Apical setae of the anal lobes longer and curved along their length, hooked at tip (
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Langton
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Cranston
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, Fig.
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d,
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Rossaro &amp; Prato
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, Fig.
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). Posterior band of
<emphasis box="[312,349,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectionCode box="[312,349,368,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIII</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
extending to a lesser extent then the apical band..............
<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1915" box="[1147,1320,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivinus">
<emphasis box="[1147,1229,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">rivinus</emphasis>
Kieffer
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<keyLead pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Granulations (a conspicuous row of chitin rings) are present on the tergites laterally on the apical band. A posterior band of granulations (still more conspicuous) is generally (not always) present on sternites also, often in a dark field. Median point band of
<emphasis box="[1275,1322,493,518]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIII</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[312,334,545,565]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IV</emphasis>
generally transverse, that is separate from posterior band, sometimes joined to it laterally, or medially also. Points of median and posterior bands similar in size and form. Anal lobes with apical taeniate extensions of cuticle; which resemble broken setae, the anal macrosetae usually strongly hooked at tip. Lateral setae of the posterior segments short and thin............................
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<emphasis box="[1072,1204,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">rubicundus</emphasis>
(Meigen)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[264,1325,284,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
 No granulation present on tergites and sternites. Median point patch of T
<emphasis box="[1187,1228,751,769]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IIIV</emphasis>
usually completely fused to the posterior band to form a single trapezoidal patch; if transverse, then median and posterior points very dissimilar in size.....................
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph blockId="17.[264,1325,284,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<number box="[264,279,863,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="7.0">7</number>
Apical part of abdominal segments dorsally without brown blotches outside the apical point band (Fig. 1.1) and ventrally always without brown blotches. Point patches on
<emphasis box="[312,374,948,973]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIIIV</emphasis>
more or less trapezoidal with the points of median and posterior bands about the same size and form, or median and posterior points of different form and size, at least on
<emphasis box="[351,389,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectionCode box="[351,389,1032,1057]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIII</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
, or points of median patches on
<emphasis box="[786,844,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIIIV</emphasis>
grading anterolaterally into fine points (”Shagreen”). ........................................................
<number box="[1306,1321,1072,1098]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="8.0">8</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[264,1325,284,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
 Apical part of abdominal segments
<emphasis box="[729,815,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IIIVIII</emphasis>
on ventral side with large brown blotches, similar blotches are present lateral to apical point band dorsally (Fig. 1.2).
<emphasis box="[1198,1262,1156,1181]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIIIIV</emphasis>
with the median and posterior point patches of similar size and form, fused. Exuviae usually very dark. Apical taeniate extensions of cuticle present on anal lobes as well developed chitinous spurs, anal macrosetae hooked at tips.......
<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" box="[1123,1320,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">
<emphasis box="[1123,1229,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">pedestris</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph blockId="17.[264,1325,284,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<number box="[264,279,1316,1342]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="8.0">8</number>
Anal lobes without apical taeniate extensions of cuticle (Fig. 2.5). Points of the posterior transverse band of
<emphasis box="[652,690,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectionCode box="[652,690,1360,1385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIII</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
similar, larger or smaller (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1956" box="[1019,1150,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wetterensis">
<emphasis box="[1019,1150,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">wetterensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) than those of the median band....................................................
<number box="[1305,1320,1400,1426]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="9.0">9</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[264,1325,284,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
 Apical taeniate extensions of cuticle of anal lobes always present, either as brown, sturdy, chitinous spurs (
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Fig.
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4), or as small and colourless teeth (Fig. 2.3). Points of the posterior transverse band of
<emphasis box="[693,731,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectionCode box="[693,731,1524,1549]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIII</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
similar or larger (never smaller) than those of the median band........................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1067,1207,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obumbratus">
<emphasis box="[1067,1207,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">obumbratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
<number box="[1291,1320,1564,1590]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="13.0">13</number>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph blockId="17.[264,1325,284,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<number box="[264,279,1604,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="9.0">9</number>
Points of median and posterior bands well separated. Lateral setae on posterior segments long and robust, on tubercles......................
<taxonomicName authority="Brundin" authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1947" box="[1125,1320,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifer">
<emphasis box="[1125,1216,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">dentifer</emphasis>
Brundin
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[264,1325,284,1874]" box="[264,1320,1684,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead box="[264,1320,1684,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
 Points of median and posterior bands continuous..........................
<number box="[1291,1320,1684,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="10.0">10</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph blockId="17.[264,1325,284,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<number box="[264,293,1724,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="10.0">10</number>
Points of the posterior transverse band of
<emphasis box="[836,873,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectionCode box="[836,873,1728,1753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TIII</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
obviously smaller than those of the median and apical bands. Thoracic horn broad and contracted strongly in apical half, with small points. Anal lobes without apical taeniate extensions of cuticle, but a lateral fringe of extensions may be weakly developed...............
<taxonomicName authority="Brundin" authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1956" box="[1086,1320,1848,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wetterensis">
<emphasis box="[1086,1217,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">wetterensis</emphasis>
Brundin
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
 Points of the posterior band of
<emphasis box="[675,712,288,313]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectionCode box="[675,712,288,313]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">TIII</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
similar to larger than points of the median band.................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1921" box="[1060,1209,328,353]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabripennis">
<emphasis box="[1060,1209,328,353]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">glabripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
<number box="[1292,1320,328,354]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="11.0">11</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<number box="[264,292,368,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="11.0">11</number>
Some abdominal segments, especially the posterior segments, very dark, restricted to running waters..............................
<taxonomicName authority="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[1000,1320,408,434]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marchettii">
<emphasis box="[1000,1119,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">marchettii</emphasis>
Rossaro
<emphasis box="[1228,1251,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">&amp;</emphasis>
Prato
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1002]" box="[264,1318,448,474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead box="[264,1318,448,474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
 Abdominal segments not markedly coloured, except an anterolateral band.....
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<number box="[264,293,488,514]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="12.0">12</number>
T
<emphasis box="[330,370,500,519]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IV V</emphasis>
with points of median patch grading in size from midtergite outwards (pale specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[473,593,532,557]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marchettii">
<emphasis box="[473,593,532,557]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">marchettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also key here), restricted to lentic waters..............................................................
<taxonomicName authority="Goetghebuer" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1921" box="[1013,1320,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabripennis">
<emphasis box="[1013,1162,572,597]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">glabripennis</emphasis>
Goetghebuer
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
 T
<emphasis box="[330,370,624,642]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IVV</emphasis>
with median points somewhat larger than more lateral and showing as a more or less circular area within the point patch.....................
<taxonomicName authority="Goetghebuer" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1942" box="[1091,1320,656,682]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maius">
<emphasis box="[1091,1162,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">maius</emphasis>
Goetghebuer
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<number box="[264,293,696,722]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="13.0">13</number>
Taeniate extensions of cuticle present at the tips of anal lobes as well chitinised spurs, at least
<quantity box="[413,495,736,762]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
long, generally much more (Fig. 2.4). Anal lobes may be weakly fringed with hairlike lateral taeniate extensions of cuticle in addition to the apical ones. Exuviae brown with darker anterior and lateral bands. Thoracic horn
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long...........................................
<taxonomicName authority="Johannsen" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1051,1319,856,882]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obumbratus">
<emphasis box="[1051,1191,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">obumbratus</emphasis>
Johannsen
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
 Taeniate extensions of cuticle present at the tips of anal lobes, but colourless and small,
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long at most (Fig. 2.3). Exuviae pale yellow. Thoracic horn
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long ...............................................
<taxonomicName authority="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[1044,1320,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ticinoi">
<emphasis box="[1044,1119,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ticinoi</emphasis>
Rossaro
<emphasis box="[1228,1251,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">&amp;</emphasis>
Prato
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>