329 lines
29 KiB
XML
329 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618439" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8a70227-3f95-4b6c-bab0-423990ebbee0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119593406" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618439" approvalRequired="26" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="12" checkinTime="1459098714441" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bruno Rossaro & Carlotta Casalegno" docDate="2001" docId="03FB878DFF8F9E50A82CFD1856B6C9A9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00007.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:83E4DCE73C651764D97D3683740715A6.1:zzz_test.0000.journal_article" docStyleId="83E4DCE73C651764D97D3683740715A6" docStyleName="zzz_test.0000.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Orthocladius van der Wulp 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFC2FFF5FF8D9E53A924FF895764CD2F" masterDocTitle="Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1643594281943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bruno Rossaro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carlotta Casalegno</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2001</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2001-08-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>20</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618447</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b8a70227-3f95-4b6c-bab0-423990ebbee0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4618447</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B8D6DBE1-9599-4328-A653-6B10532F5C48</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119593406" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB878DFF8F9E50A82CFD1856B6C9A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB878DFF8F9E50A82CFD1856B6C9A9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<subSubSection box="[264,810,657,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[264,810,657,683]" box="[264,810,657,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[264,810,657,683]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,810,657,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName authority="van der Wulp, 1874" authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[392,806,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[392,550,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Orthocladius</emphasis>
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van der Wulp,
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<number box="[745,806,657,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1874.0">1874</number>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[264,1325,732,1902]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1324,284,1158]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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DESCRIPTION OF
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<collectionCode box="[520,610,732,758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">PUPAL</collectionCode>
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EXUVIAE. Colour variable from transparent to dark, with tones from yellowgold to brownblack. Pigmentation is often differently distributed on abdominal segments. There is some variation within species, but in some case different pigmentation has taxonomic value. Frontal setae on frontal apotome on small cephalic tubercles; frontal warts (
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<bibRefCitation author="Saether, O. A." box="[569,729,892,918]" firstAuthor="Saether" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica Supplement" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 51" part="14" refId="ref12336" refString="Saether, O. A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica scandinavica Supplement, 14, 1 - 51." title="Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae)" type="journal article" year="1980">
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Saether
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<number box="[667,729,892,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1980.0">1980</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. & Cranston, P. S." box="[748,920,892,918]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. & Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
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Langton
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<number box="[860,920,892,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1991.0">1991</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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) present, more developed in
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<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1909" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[1294,1318,892,917]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. pedestris
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</emphasis>
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Kieffer,
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<number box="[483,544,932,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1909.0">1909</number>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but less developed in
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<taxonomicName authority="(Meigen, 1818)" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[831,1204,932,958]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubicundus">
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<emphasis box="[831,1003,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[831,855,932,957]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. rubicundus
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</emphasis>
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(Meigen,
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<number box="[1132,1195,932,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1818.0">1818</number>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Thoracic horn elongated, usually with small points, length varying from
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<quantity box="[1013,1190,972,998]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="200.0">200 to 500 m</quantity>
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, very long, slender and unarmed in
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<taxonomicName authority="(Zetterstedt, 1838)" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[567,935,1012,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">
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<emphasis box="[567,699,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[567,591,1012,1037]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. frigidus
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</emphasis>
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(Zetterstedt,
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<number box="[867,927,1012,1038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1838.0">1838</number>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and in
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<taxonomicName authority="Langton & Cranston, 1991 (Caldwell 1998)" authorityName="Langton & Cranston, 1991 (Caldwell" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
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<emphasis box="[1038,1177,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[1038,1062,1012,1037]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. vaillanti
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. & Cranston, P. S." firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. & Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
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Langton & Cranston,
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<number box="[388,447,1052,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1991.0">1991</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Caldwell, B. A." box="[465,645,1052,1078]" firstAuthor="Caldwell" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="234 - 240" part="71" refId="ref11837" refString="Caldwell, B. A. (1998) Description of the adult male and larva of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) vaillanti (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 71 (3), 234 - 240." title="Description of the adult male and larva of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) vaillanti (Diptera: Chironomidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">
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Caldwell
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<number box="[583,645,1052,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1998.0">1998</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, enlarged in the middle in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1956" box="[985,1155,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wetterensis">
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<emphasis box="[985,1155,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[985,1009,1052,1077]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. wetterensis
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, more or less rounded or pointed to apex in other species. Often the thoracic horn appears to be bent at apex, but this shape does not always have taxonomic value because it can be influenced by mounting position. In some species (e.g.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" box="[767,912,1172,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">
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<emphasis box="[767,912,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[767,791,1172,1197]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. pedestris
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) it appears clearly bent in all the examined specimens. Posterior rows of hooks always present on T
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<emphasis box="[1086,1100,1224,1242]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">II</emphasis>
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, relative width of hooks area with differences in species, narrower in
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<taxonomicName authority="(Walker 1856)" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[878,1194,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
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<emphasis box="[878,899,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[878,899,1256,1281]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[916,1015,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">oblidens</emphasis>
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(Walker
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<number box="[1126,1186,1256,1282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1856.0">1856</number>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName authority="Johannsen, 1905" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obumbratus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[1294,1318,1256,1281]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. obumbratus
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</emphasis>
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Johannsen,
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<number box="[556,618,1296,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1905.0">1905</number>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Adhesion (=muscle) marks present on tergites:
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<number box="[1210,1225,1296,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2.0">2</number>
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oblique marks are in the posteromedian area and
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<number box="[761,800,1336,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">25</number>
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less visible marks in the anterolateral area. Five dorsal setae (D
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<emphasis box="[500,527,1388,1406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">IV</emphasis>
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) are present on tergites, three ventral setae (S
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<emphasis box="[1065,1100,1388,1406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">IIII</emphasis>
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) on sternites. TIIV with very small points forming an area (=point patch), which may be divided into an anterior, median, posterior and apical field, continuous with (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1030,1212,1460,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obumbratus">
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<emphasis box="[1030,1212,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[1030,1054,1460,1485]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. obumbratus
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or well separated from (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[456,624,1500,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubicundus">
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<emphasis box="[456,624,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectingCountry box="[456,480,1500,1525]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
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. rubicundus
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) each other. T
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<emphasis box="[792,812,1512,1530]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">VI</emphasis>
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with only an anterior, median and posterior field, but T
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<emphasis box="[396,465,1556,1574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">VIIVIII</emphasis>
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without point fields. The fields of points are more or less developed and extended laterally, and often very small points may be observed extending to the anterolateral corner of abdominal tergites, beyond the adhesion marks. Point patches are present also on sternites (especially S
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<emphasis box="[665,707,1680,1698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">IIIII</emphasis>
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); the points often joined into groups of
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<number box="[1284,1323,1668,1694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">23</number>
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("Gruppenshagreen"). The small points on the anterolateral corner of tergites are variable in extension. Attention must be given to distinguish them from similar points on sternites in specimens mounted in dorsoventral position. The number of anterolateral adhesion marks and the position of seta D
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<emphasis box="[666,673,1844,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">I</emphasis>
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have low taxonomic value because they are variable characters. The different size of anterior, median, posterior and apical field of points on tergites is emphasised as an easily observable character without substantial variation within species, and thus is a good candidate to be used in taxonomic keys and useful for separating many species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[264,1324,284,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Usually very small blotches are present at the base of apical points on tergites, but in only one species (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" box="[483,628,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">
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<emphasis box="[483,628,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<collectingCountry box="[483,507,444,469]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
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. pedestris
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are there large brown blotches extending laterally to the apical point area of tergites and posteromedially on sternites. Pedes spurii B present on segment
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<emphasis box="[370,390,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">II</emphasis>
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(absent in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro & Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[520,621,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruffoi">
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||
<emphasis box="[520,621,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<collectingCountry box="[520,544,524,549]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
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. ruffoi
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and reduced in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[818,945,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">
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<emphasis box="[818,945,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<collectingCountry box="[818,842,524,549]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
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. frigidus
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Pedes spurii A present on S
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IV VII</emphasis>
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, but reduced on S
|
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<emphasis box="[510,537,580,598]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">VII</emphasis>
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in some species. Five (occasionally four) lateral setae are present on abdominal segment
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<emphasis box="[545,599,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">VIII,</emphasis>
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with variation within species, very well developed in some species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rossaro & Prato 1991" authorityName="Rossaro & Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[419,799,652,678]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruffoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[419,523,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[419,443,652,677]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. ruffoi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rossaro, B. & Prato, S." box="[531,799,652,678]" firstAuthor="Rossaro" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta entomologica" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="59 - 68" part="23" refId="ref12266" refString="Rossaro, B. & Prato, S. (1991) Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W. Fragmenta entomologica, 23, 59 - 68." title="Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Rossaro & Prato
|
||
<number box="[737,799,652,678]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1991.0">1991</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), sometime the anterior and/or the posterior one bifid, with variation within species. Anal lobes with
|
||
<number box="[993,1008,692,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
anal macrosetae, usually strongly hooked at tip, but straight in
|
||
<emphasis box="[729,841,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro & Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[729,837,732,757]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruffoi">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[729,753,732,757]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. ruffoi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
straight or gently curved in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Brundin, 1947" authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1193,1323,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1193,1217,732,757]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. dentifer
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brundin, L." box="[264,437,772,798]" firstAuthor="Brundin" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv fur Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 95" part="39" refId="ref11742" refString="Brundin, L. (1947) Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden. Arkiv fur Zoology, 39, 1 - 95." title="Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden" type="journal article" year="1947">
|
||
Brundin,
|
||
<number box="[375,437,772,798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1947.0">1947</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Tips of anal lobes with or without taeniate extensions of the cuticle; when present they have different consistence and have taxonomic value; they can vary from very small, colourless light extensions (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro & Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[697,815,852,877]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ticinoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[697,815,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[697,721,852,877]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. ticinoi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), to broken setae (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1060,1234,852,877]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubicundus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1060,1234,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1060,1084,852,877]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. rubicundus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. & Cranston, P. S." box="[272,586,892,918]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. & Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Langton & Cranston
|
||
<number box="[524,586,892,918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1991.0">1991</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), spiniferous processes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Saether, O. A. & Ashe P. & Murray D. A." box="[873,1091,892,918]" editor="Papp L. & Darvas B." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Saether" journalOrPublisher="Budapest, Science Herald" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="113 - 334" refId="ref12366" refString="Saether, O. A., Ashe P. & Murray D. A. (2000) Family Chironomidae. In: Papp L. & Darvas B. (eds.) Contribution to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with Special Reference to the Flies of Economic Importance), Vol. 1, Budapest, Science Herald, 200, pp. 113 - 334." title="Family Chironomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Contribution to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with Special Reference to the Flies of Economic Importance), Vol. 1" year="2000">
|
||
Saether et al.
|
||
<number box="[1031,1091,892,918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2000.0">2000</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or well sclerotised chitinous spurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Soponis, A. R." box="[461,628,932,958]" firstAuthor="Soponis" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 187" part="102" refId="ref12437" refString="Soponis, A. R. (1977) A revision of the Nearctic species of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Canadian Entomologist, 102, 1 - 187." title="A revision of the Nearctic species of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae)" type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
Soponis
|
||
<number box="[568,628,932,958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1977.0">1977</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,996,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[656,837,932,957]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obumbratus">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[656,680,932,957]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. obumbratus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" box="[852,996,932,957]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[852,876,932,957]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. pedestris
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Additional small taeniate extensions, sometime appearing as a weak fringe of short setae, may be present (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[274,414,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obumbratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[274,414,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">obumbratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" box="[432,538,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,538,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">pedestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): a well developed fringe of setae or hairlike teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. & Cranston, P. S." firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. & Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Langton & Cranston
|
||
<number box="[381,441,1052,1078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1991.0">1991</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is present only in
|
||
<emphasis box="[685,830,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Langton & Cranston, 1991 (Caldwell" authorityYear="1998" box="[685,826,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[685,709,1052,1077]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vaillanti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a less developed one in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro & Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[1141,1246,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruffoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1141,1246,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1141,1165,1052,1077]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. ruffoi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. ALR varying around
|
||
<number box="[460,475,1092,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
; the ratio between the length of anal macrosetae and anal lobes has taxonomic value.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |