178 lines
19 KiB
XML
178 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="E0CDDCE9CE672EE0A08506747032FBEC" ID-CLB-Dataset="21232" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4d067fa-4c56-4248-8084-caf4dd1eea21" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3993611" ID-ZooBank="3540218C-34FA-4D91-925A-3E89C6C3A7C1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597950731833" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Venugopal, Akhil S. & Thomas, Sabu K." docDate="2019" docId="03FB8782FFF477524AFEFCBE3420F8F7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4608.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4608 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pheropsophus nanodes Bates 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FFC2FFFAFFF8775E4A69FFAD3561FE32" masterDocTitle="Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1698845024281" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C98B9E4AFD3E2E7FF9D69DF5EB4069EA">Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="36D6754B9E9F2C01A91A4D5689A0CE36">Venugopal, Akhil S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BD6F8C9F4B1DFF1F59EF1CA46118FFF">Thomas, Sabu K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EDEBE85E4C1719F58E1A7DF2014D0A0C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="40A70B95263E9D26CB89CD46B896AA21" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB8782FFF477524AFEFCBE3420F8F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335083" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167284783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335083" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFF477524AFEFCBE3420F8F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB8782FFF477524AFEFCBE3420F8F7" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF477524AFEFCBE373EFD1F" box="[151,607,787,814]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AFEFCBE373EFD1F" blockId="12.[151,607,787,850]" box="[151,607,787,814]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<heading id="D0A581F8FFF477524AFEFCBE373EFD1F" bold="true" box="[151,607,787,814]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFF477524AFEFCBE373EFD1F" ID-CoL="6V8JD" authority="BATES, 1892" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,607,787,814]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanodes">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AFEFCBE373EFD1F" bold="true" box="[151,607,787,814]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AFEFCBE34D1FD1C" bold="true" box="[151,432,787,814]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Pheropsophus nanodes</emphasis>
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BATES, 1892
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF477524AFEFC9A3464FD60" box="[151,261,823,850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AFEFC9A3464FD60" blockId="12.[151,607,787,850]" box="[151,261,823,850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13692A11FFF477524AC9FC9A359DFD60" box="[160,252,823,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1867,1892]" captionTargetBox="[220,1413,191,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[204,1425,179,1827]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal habitus of Pheropsophus from India (cont.)–A) Pheropsophus lissoderus (Holotype, ‘Tibet’, MNHN), B) P. nanodes (Verified specimen, ‘S.E.Tibet’, BMNH), C) P. picicollis (Syntype, ‘Siam (now Thailand)’ MNHN), D) P. nigricollis (Holotype, ‘Bangalore’, BMNH), E) P. occipitalis (Verified specimen, ‘China’, BMNH), F) P. prophylax (Holotype, ‘Manipur’, BMNH), G) P. scythropus (Holotype, ‘Gopaldhara’, BMNH), H) P. scythropus dissolutus (‘Laos’, BMNH)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3993615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3993615/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Fig. 2 B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF477524AFEFCDA316EFDC7" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AFEFCDA3164FDBD" blockId="12.[151,1029,887,912]" box="[151,1029,887,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4211BAFFF477524AFEFCDA3164FDBD" box="[151,1029,887,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFF477524AFEFCDA3722FDBD" author="Bates, H. W." box="[151,579,887,912]" page="391" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" year="1892">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFF477524AFEFCDA3722FDBD" ID-CoL="6V8JD" authority="Bates, 1892 b: 391" authorityName="Bates" authorityPageNumber="391" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,579,887,912]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanodes">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AFEFCDA34E3FDBD" box="[151,386,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Pheropsophus nanodes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF477524BE1FCD53722FDBD" author="Bates, H. W." box="[392,579,887,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="267 - 428" refId="ref18669" refString="Bates, H. W. (1892 b) List of Carabidae. Viaggio Di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e Regioni Vicine. Annali Del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 12 (2), 267 - 428." type="journal article" year="1892">Bates, 1892b: 391</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFF477524825FCDA3649FDBD" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[588,808,887,912]" page="274" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF477524825FCDA3649FDBD" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[588,808,887,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes, 1930: 274</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFF47752495AFCDA3160FDBD" author="Hrdlicka, J." box="[819,1025,887,912]" page="480" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" year="2017">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF47752495AFCDA3160FDBD" author="Hrdlicka, J." box="[819,1025,887,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="471 - 480" refId="ref19780" refString="Hrdlicka, J. (2017) Brachininae. In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 1. Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga. Revised and Updated Edition. Brill, Leiden / Boston, 471 - 480." type="book chapter" year="2017">Hrdlička, 2017: 480</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AFEFC1B316EFDC7" blockId="12.[151,1437,950,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AFEFC1B34AEFDE3" bold="true" box="[151,463,950,977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Specimen examined (n=1)</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC9FFF477524B89FC1A316EFDC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846550320" collectingDate="1933-05-10" collectorName="F. Kingdon Ward & R. J. H. Kaulback" country="China" determinerName="H. E. Andrewes." elevation="1829" location="Andrewes" municipality="Verified" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xizang">
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACEEFFF477524B89FC1A375BFDE3" box="[480,570,951,977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Verified</collectingMunicipality>
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specimen (
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||
<location id="8E8D604FFFF4775248D7FC1A3654FDE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFF477524AFEFCBE3420F8F7:8E8D604FFFF4775248D7FC1A3654FDE0" box="[702,821,951,978]" country="China" municipality="Verified" name="Andrewes" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" stateProvince="Xizang">Andrewes</location>
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||
), labelled “
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFF4775249DEFC1A3161FDE3" box="[951,1024,951,977]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">China</collectingCountry>
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||
: SE
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<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFF477524E5FFC1A3114FDE3" box="[1078,1141,951,977]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Tibet</collectingRegion>
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||
: Zayul, Rong Chu Valley,
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<quantity id="4CAA9B71FFF477524AFEFC76358BFDC7" box="[151,234,987,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" unit="ft" value="6000.0">
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||
<elevation id="007FD1A7FFF477524AFEFC76358BFDC7" box="[151,234,987,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" unit="ft" value="6000.0">6000 ft</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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||
<date id="FFEC1054FFF477524A9CFC76340BFDC7" box="[245,362,987,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" value="1933-05-10">
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<collectingDate id="EFA8E9BCFFF477524A9CFC76340BFDC7" box="[245,362,987,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" value="1933-05-10">10.V.1933</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26A75342FFF477524B1FFC713757FDC7" box="[374,566,987,1014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">F. Kingdon Ward</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="26A75342FFF477524830FC713679FDC7" box="[601,792,987,1014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R.J.H. Kaulback</collectorName>
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”, det.
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<determinerName id="7E31DA50FFF477524934FC71316EFDC7" box="[861,1039,987,1014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">H.E. Andrewes.</determinerName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF477524AAEFC5337EDF807" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AAEFC533775FA28" blockId="12.[151,1437,950,1733]" box="[199,532,1022,1050]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AAEFC533438FA2B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1022,1049]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Description.</emphasis>
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Length: 9.0 mm
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AAEFB8F3430FAC3" blockId="12.[151,1437,950,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AAEFB8F3445FA0F" bold="true" box="[199,292,1058,1085]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Colour:</emphasis>
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Body black, shiny; head bi-coloured with frontal yellow and posterior black, yellow frontal spot between the eyes continue to the margin of eyes; clypeus brownish yellow, labrum brown coloured with yellow bor- der; antennal segments 1–2 light brownish yellow coloured, segments 3–11 dark brown; pronotum brownish black; elytra deep black; legs with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia reddish yellow; tarsi reddish brown; prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum reddish yellow; ventral side of head entirely reddish yellow including palpi, mentum and submentum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AAEFB5636B3FB27" blockId="12.[151,1437,950,1733]" box="[199,978,1275,1302]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AAEFB563471FB27" bold="true" box="[199,272,1275,1301]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Head:</emphasis>
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Oval, eyes protruding, smooth, neck punctuated and wrinkled.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AAEFAB235ACFBB3" blockId="12.[151,1437,950,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AAEFAB23428FB0B" bold="true" box="[199,329,1311,1337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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Wider than long, with round yellow spots on both sides of the median furrow, disc laterally with anterior 3/4
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<superScript id="7C279BDCFFF477524B70FAEF3447FB62" attach="left" box="[281,294,1346,1360]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">th</superScript>
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||
rounded, posterior 1/4
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<superScript id="7C279BDCFFF47752484DFAEF3750FB62" attach="left" box="[548,561,1346,1360]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">th</superScript>
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narrow, hind angle sub-acute; lateral bead raised, broad; disc sparsely punctuated.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AAEFA2637BBFBFB" blockId="12.[151,1437,950,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AAEFA26347CFB97" bold="true" box="[199,285,1419,1445]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Elytra:</emphasis>
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||
Short, convex, narrow towards base, humerus erased, disc with narrow striations; with small yellow spot in the middle; very narrow apical yellow band.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AAEFA7F37EDF807" blockId="12.[151,1437,950,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AAEFA7F3762FBDF" bold="true" box="[199,515,1490,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFF477524861FA7E373DFBDF" box="[520,604,1491,1517]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFF47752480AFA7E37D5FBDF" box="[611,692,1491,1517]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Assam</collectingRegion>
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||
: Sadiya (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF47752497CFA7E36C4FBDC" author="Bates, H. W." box="[789,933,1491,1518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="267 - 428" refId="ref18669" refString="Bates, H. W. (1892 b) List of Carabidae. Viaggio Di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e Regioni Vicine. Annali Del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 12 (2), 267 - 428." type="journal article" year="1892">Bates 1892b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Panji (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF477524995FA7E31D0FBDF" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[1020,1201,1491,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFF477524EABFA7E30F8FBDF" box="[1218,1433,1491,1517]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
: ‘between Pasighat and Kobo’, Dosing, Yambung, ‘below Damda’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF4775249C8FA5A313AF823" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[929,1115,1527,1553]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFF477524E1AFA5A31B1F823" box="[1139,1232,1527,1553]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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||
: SE.
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||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFF477524F6DFA5A3024F823" box="[1284,1349,1527,1553]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Tibet</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Zayul: Rong Chu Valley (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B71FFF477524B0FF9B634D2F804" box="[358,435,1563,1590]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" unit="ft" value="6000.0">6000ft</quantity>
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||
) (Andrewes 1933).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF477524AAEF9923420F8F7" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AAEF9923420F8F7" blockId="12.[151,1437,950,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AAEF992345AF86B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1599,1625]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The smallest Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFF477524842F99237ABF86B" authorityName="Solier" authorityYear="1833" box="[555,714,1599,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524842F99237ABF86B" box="[555,714,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Pheropsophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded. It is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFF477524EC6F9ED305EF86B" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1901" box="[1199,1343,1599,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524EC6F9ED305EF86B" box="[1199,1343,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">P. nigricollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs by having head bi-coloured with anterior yellow and posterior black, broad lateral bead of pronotum, obliterate humerus without spot, with median spot instead of median transverse band. Endemic to Eastern Himalaya hotspot of biodiversity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |