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<document id="6BF37EB3025935C98BD6C4C1812F49D5" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701500126" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5229535" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629495421612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Primo, Carmen &amp; Vázquez, Elsa" docDate="2007" docId="03DF87AEFF94A40B1DF65EDCFF49FC1C" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.41.29-32.1775-1810.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 41 (29 - 32)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701500126" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synoicum georgianum Sluiter 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1791" masterDocId="FFE6FFD6FF9AA41A1C545E54FFBAFFD1" masterDocTitle="Ascidians collected during the Spanish Antarctic expedition CIEMAR 99 / 00 in the Bransfield and Gerlache Straits" masterLastPageNumber="1810" masterPageNumber="1775" pageNumber="1788" updateTime="1699074958216" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="89399272F9FEDF631203ACBF545F707E">Ascidians collected during the Spanish Antarctic expedition CIEMAR 99 / 00 in the Bransfield and Gerlache Straits</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3021B2E6869CCFB41DAE0D2B9D59204">Primo, Carmen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C79FF8E57DA541B9DC61CBCAEB172A41">Vázquez, Elsa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B4644482E7804B7AEE6A2CDCF59DE76E">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9402092A3C489283EC63EE5760ABB1E2">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D716A82BE734ADD84221F9BDE84CBEA3">2010-12-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="793D4A32B97BA97F2B3B287EBE4E2E77" type="volume">
<mods:number id="29499391FD51AA51F202FA0B73C5A77F">41</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EEAF842533FD547D3E3596F172667AF1">29 - 32</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="228978897037B05C9C93E30079620D1C">1775</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03DF87AEFF94A40B1DF65EDCFF49FC1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87AEFF94A40B1DF65EDCFF49FC1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87AEFF94A40B1DF65EDCFF49FC1C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1791" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF94A4141DF65EDCFCD1FF71" box="[418,875,136,160]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141DF65EDCFCD1FF71" blockId="14.[125,1172,136,322]" box="[418,875,136,160]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
<heading id="D08181D4FF94A4141DF65EDCFCD1FF71" box="[418,875,136,160]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF94A4141DF65EDCFCD1FF71" ID-CoL="53XYL" authority="Sluiter, 1932" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1932" box="[418,875,136,160]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgianum">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF94A4141DF65EDCFD70FF71" bold="true" box="[418,714,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Synoicum georgianum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141E875EDCFCD1FF71" author="Sluiter CP" box="[723,875,136,160]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref14920" refString="Sluiter CP. 1932. Die von Dr. L. Kohl-Larsen gesammelten Ascidien von Sud-Georgien und der Stewart Insel. Senckenbergiana 14: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1932">Sluiter, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF94A4141E085EFDFD64FF10" box="[604,734,169,193]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141E085EFDFD64FF10" blockId="14.[125,1172,136,322]" box="[604,734,169,193]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF94A4141E375EFDFD6FFF10" box="[611,725,169,193]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[389,449,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[232,1064,954,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-168@14.[232,1066,954,1628]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Synoicum georgianum. (a) Colony; (b) zooid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229555/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Figure 10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF94A4141C295E9EFDEFFE93" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141C295E9EFDEFFE93" blockId="14.[125,1172,136,322]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF94A4141C295E9EFDA2FF33" ID-CoL="53XYL" authority="Sluiter, 1932" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1932" box="[125,536,202,226]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgianum">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF94A4141C295E9EFECAFF33" box="[125,368,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Synoicum georgianum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141D2F5E9EFDA2FF33" author="Sluiter CP" box="[379,536,202,226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref14920" refString="Sluiter CP. 1932. Die von Dr. L. Kohl-Larsen gesammelten Ascidien von Sud-Georgien und der Stewart Insel. Senckenbergiana 14: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1932">Sluiter, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141E735E9EFD0DFF33" author="Millar RH" box="[551,695,202,226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13741" refString="Millar RH. 1960. Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports 30: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar 1960</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141E925E9EFCBEFF33" author="Millar RH" box="[710,772,202,226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref13845" refString="Millar RH. 1968. Ascidians collected during 1928 - 1930 by the Norwegian Antarctic expeditions. Avhandlinger Utgitt av Det Norske Videnskap-Akademi I Oslo, Ny Serie 10: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141F475E9EFC64FF33" author="Monniot F" box="[787,990,202,226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="321 - 339" refId="ref14307" refString="Monniot F. 1970. Ascidies Aplousobranches des Iles Kerguelen Recoltees par P. Grua. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), Serie 2 42 (2): 321 - 339." type="journal article" year="1970">Monniot F 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141FB95E9EFB2AFF33" author="Vasseur P" box="[1005,1168,202,226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="611 - 628" refId="ref15215" refString="Vasseur P. 1974. Invertebres marins des Xlle et XVe expeditions antarctiques francaises en Terre Adelie. Tethys 5: 611 - 628." type="journal article" year="1974">Vasseur 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141CCC5EBEFE02FED3" author="Monniot F &amp; Gaill F" box="[152,440,234,258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="139 - 162" refId="ref14386" refString="Monniot F, Gaill F. 1978. Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea) du Sud-Ouest de l'Ocean Indien. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, Paris 54 (2): 139 - 162." type="journal article" year="1978">Monniot and Gaill 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141D905EBEFCA8FED3" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[452,786,234,258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141F4A5EBEFB2AFED3" author="Sanamyan KE &amp; Sanamyan NP" box="[798,1168,234,258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="305 - 359" refId="ref14630" refString="Sanamyan KE, Sanamyan NP. 2002. Deep-water ascidians from the south-western Atlantic (RV Dmitry Mendeleev, cruise 43 and Academic Kurchatov, cruise 11). Journal of Natural History 36: 305 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002">Sanamyan and Sanamyan 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141CCC5F5EFECAFEF3" author="Tatian M &amp; Antacli JC &amp; Sahade R" box="[152,368,266,290]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref15076" refString="Tatian M, Antacli JC, Sahade R. 2005. Ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea): species distribution along the Scotia Arc. Scientia Marina 69 (2): 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="2005">Tatián et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF94A4141C295F7EFDEAFE93" ID-CoL="FNSK" authority=": Kott 1969" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1969" box="[125,592,298,322]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgianum">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF94A4141C295F7EFEC2FE93" box="[125,376,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Aplidiopsis georgianum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141DDC5F7EFDBFFE93" author="Kott P" box="[392,517,298,322]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref13040" refString="Kott P. 1969. Antarctic Ascidiacea. Monographic account of the known species based on specimens collected under U. S. government auspices, 1947 - 1965. Antarctic Research Series 13: 1 - 239." type="book chapter" year="1969">Kott 1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141E465F7EFDEAFE93" author="Kott P" box="[530,592,298,322]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="11 - 82" refId="ref13079" refString="Kott P. 1971. Antarctic Ascidiacea II. Collections made south of 40 south latitude 1963 / 1967, principally by the U. S. N. S. Eltain. Antarctic Research Series 16 (4): 11 - 82." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF94A4151C295F2FFEABFF30" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1789" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141C295F2FFF47FE42" blockId="14.[125,253,379,403]" box="[125,253,379,403]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF94A4141C295F2FFF47FE42" box="[125,253,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141C295FF8FCD9FDF2" blockId="14.[125,1172,428,547]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
New record: Bransfield Strait (Station B7:
<specimenCount id="9D70FD31FF94A4141E395FF8FC98FE15" box="[621,802,428,452]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
). Previously recorded: Antarctic Peninsula, Wilkes Land (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141DF15F9FFD40FE32" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[421,762,459,483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
); Scotia Arc Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141FA35F9FFE93FDD2" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141D615FBFFDB3FDD2" author="Tatian M &amp; Antacli JC &amp; Sahade R" box="[309,521,491,515]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref15076" refString="Tatian M, Antacli JC, Sahade R. 2005. Ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea): species distribution along the Scotia Arc. Scientia Marina 69 (2): 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="2005">Tatián et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
); Kerguelen Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141EA65FBFFBA9FDD2" author="Monniot F &amp; Gaill F" box="[754,1043,491,515]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="139 - 162" refId="ref14386" refString="Monniot F, Gaill F. 1978. Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea) du Sud-Ouest de l'Ocean Indien. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, Paris 54 (2): 139 - 162." type="journal article" year="1978">Monniot and Gaill 1978</bibRefCitation>
); Magellan Strait (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141C9A5C5FFD98FDF2" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[206,546,523,547]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
). From
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF94A4141ED65C5FFCAAFDF2" box="[642,784,523,547]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" metricValueMax="5.52" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" unit="m" value="286.0" valueMax="552.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 552 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141C295C08FF4FFDA5" blockId="14.[125,245,604,628]" box="[125,245,604,628]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF94A4141C295C08FF4FFDA5" box="[125,245,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141C295CD8FEE8FCD5" blockId="14.[125,1172,652,772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
Small colonies (up to
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF94A4141D2F5CD8FE71FD75" box="[379,459,652,676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
in our specimens) with basal processes (
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF94A4141FF45CD8FBA4FD75" box="[928,1054,652,676]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[389,449,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[232,1064,954,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-168@14.[232,1066,954,1628]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Synoicum georgianum. (a) Colony; (b) zooid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229555/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Figure 10a</figureCitation>
) to attach to substrata. Few systems of zooids (usually one) per colony; small zooids (about
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF94A414181D5CF8FB36FD15" box="[1097,1164,684,708]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
) with few rows of stigmata (
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF94A4141DE25C98FE48FD35" box="[438,498,716,740]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
our specimens) and gonads a little separated from the gut loop (
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF94A4141C955CB8FEFEFCD5" box="[193,324,748,772]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[389,449,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[232,1064,954,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-168@14.[232,1066,954,1628]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Synoicum georgianum. (a) Colony; (b) zooid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229555/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Figure 10b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141C295D68FF66FC85" blockId="14.[125,220,828,852]" box="[125,220,828,852]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF94A4141C295D68FF66FC85" box="[125,220,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4151C295D39FEABFF30" blockId="14.[125,1172,877,933]" lastBlockId="15.[138,1185,137,225]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1789" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
<materialsCitation id="3B1E3CE5FF94A4151C295D39FEB6FF30" collectionCode="T" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1789" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Frequently confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF94A4141D975D39FC1AFC54" authority="(Herdman, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[451,928,877,901]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adareanum">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF94A4141D975D39FD02FC54" box="[451,696,877,901]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Synoicum adareanum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF94A4141E9B5D39FC2DFC54" author="Herdman WA" box="[719,919,877,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" pagination="190 - 200" refId="ref12782" refString="Herdman WA. 1902. Tunicata. In: Report on the collections of natural history made in the Antarctic regions during the voyage of the '' Southern Cross' '. London: British Museum (Natural History). p 190 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1902">Herdman, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. After re-examining the
<typeStatus id="54CD881AFF94A4141CE45DD9FEAEFC74" box="[176,276,909,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(no. 489
<collectionCode id="ED67AE7DFF94A4141DCF5DD9FE0AFC74" box="[411,432,909,933]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">T</collectionCode>
) we conclude that, despite the great variety of shapes, our specimens belong to this species because of the few zooid systems, the root-like processes of the colony, the small size of zooids, few rows of stigmata and the location of the gonads
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF096630FF94A4141DD158D4FC37F942" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5229555" box="[389,909,1664,1683]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229555/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" startId="14.[389,449,1664,1683]" targetBox="[232,1064,954,1628]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF94A4141DD158D4FC37F942" blockId="14.[389,909,1664,1683]" box="[389,909,1664,1683]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF94A4141DA558D4FD0AF942" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1932" box="[497,688,1664,1683]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgianum">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF94A4141DA558D4FD0AF942" box="[497,688,1664,1683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1788">Synoicum georgianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) Colony; (b) zooid.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF95A4151D2D5F46FC5CFEBD" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF95A4151D2D5F46FC76FEFB" blockId="15.[138,998,274,364]" box="[377,972,274,298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF95A4151D2D5F46FC76FEFB" ID-CoL="53XZJ" authority="Monniot and Monniot, 1983" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[377,972,274,298]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostentor">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF95A4151D2D5F46FDD7FEFB" bold="true" box="[377,621,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">Synoicum ostentor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF95A4151E225F46FC76FEFB" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[630,972,274,298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF95A4151E3C5F67FD51FE9A" blockId="15.[138,998,274,364]" box="[616,747,307,331]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF95A4151E245F67FD5BFE9A" box="[624,737,307,331]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[341,401,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[247,1079,685,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-91@15.[245,1079,683,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Synoicum ostentor. (a) Colonies; (b) thorax and abdomen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">Figure 11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF95A4151CDE5F00FC5CFEBD" blockId="15.[138,998,274,364]" box="[138,998,340,364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF95A4151CDE5F00FD0BFEBD" ID-CoL="53XZJ" authority="Monniot and Monniot, 1983" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[138,689,340,364]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostentor">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF95A4151CDE5F00FEEAFEBD" box="[138,336,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">Synoicum ostentor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF95A4151D0D5F00FD0BFEBD" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[345,689,340,364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF95A4151EEA5F00FC58FEBD" author="Ramos-Espla AA &amp; Carcel JA &amp; Varela M" box="[702,994,340,364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" pagination="215 - 223" refId="ref14516" refString="Ramos-Espla AA, Carcel JA, Varela M. 2005. Zoogeographical relationships of the littoral ascidiofauna around the Antarctic Peninsula, in the Scotia Arc and in the Magellan region. Scientia Marina 69 (2): 215 - 223." type="journal article" year="2005">Ramos-Esplá et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF95A40A1CDE5FF1FF6EFDA6" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1790" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF95A4151CDE5FF1FEB1FE6C" blockId="15.[138,267,421,445]" box="[138,267,421,445]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF95A4151CDE5FF1FEB1FE6C" box="[138,267,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF95A4151CDE5F82FF6FFD9E" blockId="15.[138,1185,470,591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">
New record: Bransfield Strait (Station B6:
<specimenCount id="9D70FD31FF95A4151E925F82FC3DFE3F" box="[710,903,470,494]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
). Previously recorded: Wilkes Land (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF95A4151D645FA2FD3DFDDF" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[304,647,502,526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
); South
<collectingRegion id="49B2F85AFF95A4151EB95FA2FC15FDDF" box="[749,943,502,526]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF95A4151F955FA2FF73FDFF" author="Ramos-Espla AA &amp; Carcel JA &amp; Varela M" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" pagination="215 - 223" refId="ref14516" refString="Ramos-Espla AA, Carcel JA, Varela M. 2005. Zoogeographical relationships of the littoral ascidiofauna around the Antarctic Peninsula, in the Scotia Arc and in the Magellan region. Scientia Marina 69 (2): 215 - 223." type="journal article" year="2005">Ramos-Esplá et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
); Balleny and South
<collectingCountry id="F3617628FF95A4151DEF5C42FDD3FDFF" box="[443,617,534,558]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF95A4151E2C5C42FC73FDFF" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[632,969,534,558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
). From
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF95A41518715C42FB1BFDFF" box="[1061,1185,534,558]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="0.0">0 to 350 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF096630FF95A4151D01582BFC62F943" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5229557" box="[341,984,1663,1682]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" startId="15.[341,401,1663,1682]" targetBox="[247,1079,685,1627]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF95A4151D01582BFC62F943" blockId="15.[341,984,1663,1682]" box="[341,984,1663,1682]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">
Figure 11.
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF95A4151D94582BFDE7F943" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[448,605,1663,1682]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostentor">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF95A4151D94582BFDE7F943" box="[448,605,1663,1682]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1789">Synoicum ostentor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) Colonies; (b) thorax and abdomen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8AA40A1C295EDDFF4FFF70" blockId="16.[125,245,137,161]" box="[125,245,137,161]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A1C295EDDFF4FFF70" box="[125,245,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8AA40A1C295EEDFD0FFEC3" blockId="16.[125,1172,185,274]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">
Stalked colonies (from
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF8AA40A1DDA5EEDFD89FF00" box="[398,563,185,209]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.55" metricValueMax="11.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" unit="mm" value="65.5" valueMax="112.0" valueMin="19.0">19 to 112 mm</quantity>
height) with a slight constriction between head and stalk (
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF8AA40A1C965E8EFEF9FF23" box="[194,323,218,242]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[341,401,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[247,1079,685,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-91@15.[245,1079,683,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Synoicum ostentor. (a) Colonies; (b) thorax and abdomen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229557/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Figure 11a</figureCitation>
). Circular systems. About 20 rows of branchial stigmata with 20 stigmata per half-row (
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF8AA40A1D495EAEFE1AFEC3" box="[285,416,250,274]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[341,401,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[247,1079,685,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-91@15.[245,1079,683,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Synoicum ostentor. (a) Colonies; (b) thorax and abdomen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229557/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Figure 11b</figureCitation>
). Zooids are immature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8AA40A1C295F1FFF66FEB2" blockId="16.[125,220,331,355]" box="[125,220,331,355]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A1C295F1FFF66FEB2" box="[125,220,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8AA40A1C295F28FF6EFDA6" blockId="16.[125,1172,380,631]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">
Our specimens coincide with the
<typeStatus id="54CD881AFF8AA40A1E475F28FDCDFE45" box="[531,631,380,404]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
described by Monniot and Monniot. (1983) except for few stigmata per half row (
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF8AA40A1ED85FC8FD6CFE65" box="[652,726,412,436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
our specimens versus
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF8AA40A18455FC8FBE0FE65" box="[1041,1114,412,436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" unit="in" value="35.0">35 in</quantity>
the
<typeStatus id="54CD881AFF8AA40A1C295FE9FF52FE04" box="[125,232,445,469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8AA40A1D515FE9FE69FE05" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[261,467,445,469]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostentor">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A1D515FE9FE69FE05" box="[261,467,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Synoicum ostentor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is close to
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8AA40A1E2E5FE9FCCBFE04" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[634,881,445,469]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adareanum">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A1E2E5FE9FCCBFE04" box="[634,881,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Synoicum adareanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8AA40A1F975FE9FB85FE05" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[963,1087,445,469]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostentor">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A1F975FE9FB85FE05" box="[963,1087,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">S. ostentor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a constriction between head and stalk and a more marked difference in the texture of both parts. Zooids are similar size, but differ in a greater number of rows of stigmata, and stigmata per row, and greater distance between abdomen and ovary in
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8AA40A18425C4AFB37FDE7" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[1046,1165,542,566]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostentor">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A18425C4AFB37FDE7" box="[1046,1165,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">S. ostentor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is the second record of this species since its description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF8AA40A1FD35C6AFF6AFDA6" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF8AA40A1D385CFCFBDBFCD0" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8AA40A1D385CFCFC70FD11" blockId="16.[125,1121,680,769]" box="[364,970,680,704]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8AA40A1D385CFCFC70FD11" ID-CoL="7B9RP" authority="Monniot and Monniot, 1980" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1980" box="[364,970,680,704]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygyna">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A1D385CFCFDD6FD11" bold="true" box="[364,620,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Synoicum polygyna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF8AA40A1E215CFCFC70FD11" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[629,970,680,704]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref14133" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1980. Sur quelques Ascidies recoltees sous le pack en baie de McMurdo, Antarctique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 2 A (1): 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="1980">Monniot and Monniot, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8AA40A1E225C9DFD42FD30" blockId="16.[125,1121,680,769]" box="[630,760,713,737]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF8AA40A1E2A5C9DFD4AFD30" box="[638,752,713,737]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="16.[322,382,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[232,1064,926,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-160@16.[232,1066,924,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 12. Synoicum polygyna. (a) Colonies; (b) thorax and abdomen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229559/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Figure 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8AA40A1C295CBDFBDBFCD0" blockId="16.[125,1121,680,769]" box="[125,1121,745,769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8AA40A1C295CBDFD09FCD0" ID-CoL="7B9RP" authority="Monniot and Monniot, 1980" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1980" box="[125,691,745,769]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygyna">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A1C295CBDFEE8FCD0" box="[125,338,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Synoicum polygyna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF8AA40A1D0F5CBDFD09FCD0" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[347,691,745,769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref14133" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1980. Sur quelques Ascidies recoltees sous le pack en baie de McMurdo, Antarctique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 2 A (1): 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="1980">Monniot and Monniot, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF8AA40A1E945CBDFBABFCD0" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[704,1041,745,769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref14202" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 125: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF8AA40A184A5CBDFBE7FCD0" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[1054,1117,745,769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" pagination="13 - 37" refId="ref14233" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1994. Ascidians collected in the Weddell Sea by the RV '' Polarsten' ' (EPOS cruise leg 3). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 16: 13 - 37." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF096630FF8AA40A1D16582BFC6BF943" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229559" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5229559" box="[322,977,1663,1682]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229559/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" startId="16.[322,382,1663,1682]" targetBox="[232,1064,926,1627]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8AA40A1D16582BFC6BF943" blockId="16.[322,977,1663,1682]" box="[322,977,1663,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">
Figure 12.
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8AA40A1DF9582BFDEDF943" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1980" box="[429,599,1663,1682]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygyna">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8AA40A1DF9582BFDEDF943" box="[429,599,1663,1682]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1790">Synoicum polygyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) Colonies; (b) thorax and abdomen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF8BA40B1CDE5EDCFEDDFC9C" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8BA40B1CDE5EDCFEB1FF71" blockId="17.[138,267,136,160]" box="[138,267,136,160]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8BA40B1CDE5EDCFEB1FF71" box="[138,267,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8BA40B1CDE5EECFBA4FF21" blockId="17.[138,1184,184,240]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">
New record: Bransfield Strait (Station B7:
<specimenCount id="9D70FD31FF8BA40B1ED75EECFC8FFF01" box="[643,821,184,208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
). Previously recorded: Weddell and Ross seas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF8BA40B1D695E8CFD2AFF21" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[317,656,216,240]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref14133" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1980. Sur quelques Ascidies recoltees sous le pack en baie de McMurdo, Antarctique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 2 A (1): 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="1980">Monniot and Monniot 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF8BA40B1EC95E8CFD67FF21" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[669,733,216,240]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" pagination="13 - 37" refId="ref14233" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1994. Ascidians collected in the Weddell Sea by the RV '' Polarsten' ' (EPOS cruise leg 3). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 16: 13 - 37." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
). From
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF8BA40B1F685E8CFC70FF21" box="[828,970,216,240]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMax="2.52" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" unit="m" value="136.0" valueMax="252.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 252 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8BA40B1CDE5F73FEB9FEEE" blockId="17.[138,259,295,319]" box="[138,259,295,319]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8BA40B1CDE5F73FEB9FEEE" box="[138,259,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8BA40B1CDE5F03FEB9FD9F" blockId="17.[138,1185,343,590]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">
Cylindrical colonies up to
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF8BA40B1D8D5F03FD93FEBE" box="[473,553,343,367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
with irregular basal processes (
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF8BA40B1FE25F03FB8DFEBE" box="[950,1079,343,367]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="16.[322,382,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[232,1064,926,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-160@16.[232,1066,924,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 12. Synoicum polygyna. (a) Colonies; (b) thorax and abdomen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229559/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">Figure 12a</figureCitation>
). Strong tunic with embedded sand. One system per colony with the common cloacal opening in the upper part. Zooids up to
<quantity id="4C8E9B5DFF8BA40B1DB15FC3FD83FE7E" box="[485,569,407,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
. Long branchial siphon with six lobes; tubular atrial siphon with three lobes from the dorsal border and three minute lobes more from the ventral border (
<figureCitation id="134D2A3DFF8BA40B1D6B5F83FE78FE3E" box="[319,450,471,495]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="16.[322,382,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[232,1064,926,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-160@16.[232,1066,924,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 12. Synoicum polygyna. (a) Colonies; (b) thorax and abdomen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5229559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5229559/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">Figure 12b</figureCitation>
). Branchial sac with 14 rows of stigmata. Initial constriction of the oesophagus (hardly visible because of the great contraction of the animals). Smooth, large, rounded stomach. The gut loop does not show torsion. All the specimens are immature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8BA40B1CDE5CD2FF53FD4F" blockId="17.[138,233,646,670]" box="[138,233,646,670]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8BA40B1CDE5CD2FF53FD4F" box="[138,233,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8BA40B1CDE5CE2FEDDFC9C" blockId="17.[138,1185,694,973]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">
The description agrees with the
<typeStatus id="54CD881AFF8BA40B1E545CE2FDDEFD1F" box="[512,612,694,718]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
re-examined at MNHN (registration number A1 711-716 and A1 SYN-29) (the atrial siphon, and the constriction of the oesophagus being characteristic) except for the fact that in this case the whole colony is incrusted with sand and is not naked on the upper part. The zooids are shorter, but this may be due to the absence of gonads.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6533FF8BA40B1CF15D01FF49FC1C" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC936B8FF8BA40B1CF15D01FF49FC1C" blockId="17.[138,1185,694,973]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8BA40B1CF15D01FEC2FCBC" ID-CoL="7B9RP" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1980" box="[165,376,853,877]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygyna">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8BA40B1CF15D01FEC2FCBC" box="[165,376,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">Synoicum polygyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8BA40B1E5F5D01FCC5FCBC" ID-CoL="53Y24" authority="Kott, 1969" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1969" box="[523,895,853,877]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramulosum">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8BA40B1E5F5D01FD4EFCBC" box="[523,756,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">Synoicum ramulosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B49FF8BA40B1EA85D01FCC5FCBC" author="Kott P" box="[764,895,853,877]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref13040" refString="Kott P. 1969. Antarctic Ascidiacea. Monographic account of the known species based on specimens collected under U. S. government auspices, 1947 - 1965. Antarctic Research Series 13: 1 - 239." type="book chapter" year="1969">Kott, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The only differences are smaller colonies and zooids, fewer rows of stigmata and absence of constriction of the oesophagus in
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8BA40B1D605DC1FE71FC7C" ID-CoL="53Y24" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1969" box="[308,459,917,941]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramulosum">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8BA40B1D605DC1FE71FC7C" box="[308,459,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">S. ramulosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It could be possible that Kott’s specimens were juveniles of
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3BFF8BA40B18DC5DC1FF51FC1C" ID-CoL="7B9RP" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="1980" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygyna">
<emphasis id="B902EAAAFF8BA40B18DC5DC1FF51FC1C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1791">S. polygyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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