530 lines
71 KiB
XML
530 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="C4B7E77297D3FE702CD34B2734BD743D" ID-CLB-Dataset="20467" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="368dc2bb-66bb-4261-9e31-a9bfeb8c10ba" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280813" ID-ZooBank="C139FE1C-602B-4A8F-8E85-CBA601599B5B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1645780315580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gumovsky, Alex & Noort, Simon Van" docDate="2022" docId="03DF87A9FFE34747FF01FE5B3B7FFC50" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5104.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5104 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort 2022, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="249" masterDocId="FFE6FFD1FFE14740FF96FFC93969FF99" masterDocTitle="Afronympha, a new genus of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the rainforests of Africa" masterLastPageNumber="250" masterPageNumber="242" pageNumber="244" updateTime="1699316503434" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="2BAD8F9CE1B0DAD2F32DFD59D0F8EC00" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A48752856942E60D23CF5AB8A66A1DF9">
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<mods:title id="D001CF0F50CEEEA1EFAC62CA10A5B024">Afronympha, a new genus of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the rainforests of Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="52040C6AAD2961918BE52E2C27065E02" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4475EF9676BA3C4DCA620A70346CA5C6">Gumovsky, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6BFE94348DD197EE6670C3A91871AEB9">Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky St., 01601 Kiev- 30, Ukraine & School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="16ABA17A60AD79830F8E8621C8B3E356">Noort, Simon Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FABB332EDA27621D42933B2F7819FE8E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6930-9741</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="557CABE6F977A86BCAB25C6B3D50AF77">Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, PO Box 61, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa. svannoort @ iziko. org. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6930 - 9741 & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, 7701</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F9D487B65A34129AA3560611E553735" type="email">svannoort@iziko.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B5AE8258432BA6A4965450F166FB91D1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0E4ADD39E84B4E1C982B30D6D59C0171">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="656B5AF64BFE6DF7F2E7245957D3F9BB">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="509D45D7535F33622E6F27139D72D2D6">2022-02-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="52065D2A0ACB1348C965AAF1AAAFA17C">5104</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DF87A9FFE34747FF01FE5B3B7FFC50" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193845648" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87A9FFE34747FF01FE5B3B7FFC50" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87A9FFE34747FF01FE5B3B7FFC50" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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<subSubSection id="C36C6534FFE34742FF01FE5B3ADFFE34" box="[151,950,402,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF01FE5B3ADFFE34" blockId="2.[151,950,402,465]" box="[151,950,402,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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<heading id="D08181D3FFE34742FF01FE5B3ADFFE34" bold="true" box="[151,950,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF01FE5B3ADFFE34" bold="true" box="[151,950,402,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FF01FE5B3B91FE34" authority="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,760,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF01FE5B38ADFE34" bold="true" box="[151,452,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Afronympha eminpashai</emphasis>
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Gumovsky & van Noort
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157D6FFE34742FD69FE5A3ADFFE34" box="[767,950,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6534FFE34742FF01FE7E3CF4FACC" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF01FE7E3875FE48" blockId="2.[151,950,402,465]" box="[151,284,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FF01FE7E3875FE48" box="[151,284,439,465]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1347,1371]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1777]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetBox-2="[168,1436,171,1323]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@3.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@4.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetId-2="figure-23@5.[151,1436,166,1323]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female: A, B, D, holotype (Uganda); C, E, paratypes: C, from DR Congo; E, from Uganda. A, C, E, habitus; B, wings showing wing interference pattern of fore wing (WIP); D, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female, head: A, C–E, head in frontal view; F, lower face; B, head in dorsal view; G, head, view from below; H, lower face, view from behind. C, D, holotype (Uganda); A, E–H, paratype (DR Congo)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov.: A–C, male: A, habitus; B, head and anterior mesosoma, inset: F2 with the sensillum ampullaceum highlighted by black arrow; C, wings, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma (transpleural suture is indicated by white arrow); D, dorso-lateral mesosoma of female, SEM" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280817" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280821" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280823" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6280817/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6280821/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6280823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSection id="E2F92F54FFE34742FF01FE373CF4FACC" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF01FE373848FD81" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" box="[151,289,510,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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<heading id="D08181D3FFE34742FF01FE373848FD81" bold="true" box="[151,289,510,536]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF01FE373848FD81" bold="true" box="[151,289,510,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF01FDEA3BA8FDA4" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" box="[151,705,546,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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FEMALE (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FE80FDEA3834FDA4" box="[278,349,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-23@3.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female: A, B, D, holotype (Uganda); C, E, paratypes: C, from DR Congo; E, from Uganda. A, C, E, habitus; B, wings showing wing interference pattern of fore wing (WIP); D, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280817/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FEFDFDEA3812FDA4" box="[363,379,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female, head: A, C–E, head in frontal view; F, lower face; B, head in dorsal view; G, head, view from below; H, lower face, view from behind. C, D, holotype (Uganda); A, E–H, paratype (DR Congo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280821/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FE11FDEA38C4FDA4" box="[391,429,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1347,1371]" captionTargetBox="[168,1436,171,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[151,1436,166,1323]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov.: A–C, male: A, habitus; B, head and anterior mesosoma, inset: F2 with the sensillum ampullaceum highlighted by black arrow; C, wings, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma (transpleural suture is indicated by white arrow); D, dorso-lateral mesosoma of female, SEM" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">3D</figureCitation>
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). Length
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<quantity id="4C8E9B5AFFE34742FD81FDEB3BD4FDA4" box="[535,701,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.21" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="1.23" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="1.21">1.21–1.25 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FD8E38D4FD68" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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Antenna with scape pale brown, pedicel and flagellum dark metallic. Body dark copper green, face and vertex smooth. Mesoscutum, anterior part of mesoscutellum and axillae very lightly striate. Propodeum lightly striate (
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<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE34742FF09FD463991FD30" box="[159,248,655,681]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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specimens) or with somewhat more distinct striae (
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<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE34742FCB8FD463AC1FD30" box="[814,936,655,681]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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specimen). Coxae, trochanters and first three tarsomeres pale, femora dark brown, tibiae pale to brownish. Petiole dark brown. Fore wing hyaline, wing interference pattern as in
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FEF7FD1E38D1FD68" box="[353,440,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-23@3.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female: A, B, D, holotype (Uganda); C, E, paratypes: C, from DR Congo; E, from Uganda. A, C, E, habitus; B, wings showing wing interference pattern of fore wing (WIP); D, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280817/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FD323A6DFC50" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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Head in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FE24FD323B64FC8C" box="[434,525,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-23@3.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female: A, B, D, holotype (Uganda); C, E, paratypes: C, from DR Congo; E, from Uganda. A, C, E, habitus; B, wings showing wing interference pattern of fore wing (WIP); D, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280817/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FD8EFD323B53FC8C" box="[536,570,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female, head: A, C–E, head in frontal view; F, lower face; B, head in dorsal view; G, head, view from below; H, lower face, view from behind. C, D, holotype (Uganda); A, E–H, paratype (DR Congo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280821/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">2B</figureCitation>
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) 2.5× as broad as long. POL 1.6× OOL. Head in frontal view about 1.2× wider than long (if measured vertically to clypeal notch), mouth opening 2.3–2.4×, eye about 2.4–2.5× as long as malar space. Antennal toruli inserted at level of lower eye margin (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FCDAFC8A3A87FCC4" box="[844,1006,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female, head: A, C–E, head in frontal view; F, lower face; B, head in dorsal view; G, head, view from below; H, lower face, view from behind. C, D, holotype (Uganda); A, E–H, paratype (DR Congo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280821/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2A, C, D</figureCitation>
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). Antennal scrobes join shortly below frontal suture. Antennal scape nearly 4.5–5.0×, pedicel about 2.0× and F1 as long as F3. F3 slightly longer than broad and slightly longer and broader than F2. Clava about 1.7–1.8× as long as funiculars, each of its two clavomeres as long as average length of a funicular segment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FC1A3804FBC0" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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Head 1.2× as wide as mesosoma, mesosoma 1.6× as long as broad, mesoscutum 1.5× as broad as long, mesoscutellum slightly longer than broad. Mesoscutum with 2–3 pairs of setae, mesoscutellum with one pair of setae. Propodeum as for the genus: with a wide groove along anterior margin (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FC4EFBD23D5BFBAC" box="[984,1074,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-23@3.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female: A, B, D, holotype (Uganda); C, E, paratypes: C, from DR Congo; E, from Uganda. A, C, E, habitus; B, wings showing wing interference pattern of fore wing (WIP); D, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280817/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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), very lightly striate; propodeal callus with 2 setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FBAA3C7AFB38" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Fore wing hyaline, with densely setose disc and closed speculum, 2.6× as long as broad, postmarginal vein about 0.6× as long as stigmal vein. Marginal fringe about 3.0× as long as marginal vein at its broadest.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FB623B47FB70" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
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Metasoma slightly longer than mesosoma. Petiole as a short, transverse, narrow strip. Gaster suboval or subpentagonal in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FE51FB063B49FB70" box="[455,544,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-23@3.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov., female: A, B, D, holotype (Uganda); C, E, paratypes: C, from DR Congo; E, from Uganda. A, C, E, habitus; B, wings showing wing interference pattern of fore wing (WIP); D, head and mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280817/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FB3A3BC4FA94" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" box="[199,685,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
|
||
MALE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FEB0FB3A38CBFA94" box="[294,418,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1347,1371]" captionTargetBox="[168,1436,171,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[151,1436,166,1323]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov.: A–C, male: A, habitus; B, head and anterior mesosoma, inset: F2 with the sensillum ampullaceum highlighted by black arrow; C, wings, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma (transpleural suture is indicated by white arrow); D, dorso-lateral mesosoma of female, SEM" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length about 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FADE3CF4FACC" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Similar to female in structure of head and mesosoma, but antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A3AFFE34742FC2AFADE3D7BFAA8" box="[956,1042,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1347,1371]" captionTargetBox="[168,1436,171,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[151,1436,166,1323]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Afronympha eminpashai Gumovsky & van Noort gen. et sp. nov.: A–C, male: A, habitus; B, head and anterior mesosoma, inset: F2 with the sensillum ampullaceum highlighted by black arrow; C, wings, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma (transpleural suture is indicated by white arrow); D, dorso-lateral mesosoma of female, SEM" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280823/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with wider scape (2.6× as long as broad), flagellomeres slightly wider, petiole slightly wider and with small denticles on sides, gaster subpentagonal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6534FFE34742FF51FA9738CFFAE0" box="[199,422,1374,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FA9738CFFAE0" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" box="[199,422,1374,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF51FA973848FAE1" bold="true" box="[199,289,1374,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6534FFE34742FF51FA4B3D88FA04" box="[199,1249,1410,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FA4B3D88FA04" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" box="[199,1249,1410,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF51FA4B3830FA05" bold="true" box="[199,345,1410,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. East (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE34742FE31FA4A3B6DFA04" box="[423,516,1411,1437]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Western Region) and Central (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE34742FCF7FA4A3A89FA04" box="[865,992,1411,1437]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Ituri province) Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6534FFE34742FF51FA6F3DEAF900" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FA6F38D9FA58" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" box="[199,432,1446,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF51FA6F38C0FA59" bold="true" box="[199,425,1446,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51FA023DEAF900" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1E3CE2FFE34742FF51FA023A5CF9B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3501210301" collectingDate="2005-07-30" collectingDateMax="2005-08-05" collectingDateMin="2005-07-30" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="SAMC" collectorName="S. van Noort" country="Uganda" elevation="1587" location="Kanyawara" municipality="National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Western Region" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD881DFFE34742FF51FA023832FA7C" box="[199,347,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD36FFE34742FEF4FA02381EFA7C" box="[354,375,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE34742FE10FA02388BFA7C" box="[390,482,1483,1509]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F85DFFE34742FE7AFA023BCBFA7C" box="[492,674,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Western Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F85DFFE34742FD38FA023B90FA7C" box="[686,761,1483,1509]" country="Uganda" name="Kibale" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Kibale</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BADACC5FFE34742FC96FA023AF4FA7C" box="[768,925,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">National Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA96064FFE34742FC3FFA023D42FA7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87A9FFE34747FF01FE5B3B7FFC50:8EA96064FFE34742FC3FFA023D42FA7C" box="[937,1067,1483,1509]" country="Uganda" municipality="National Park" name="Kanyawara" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" stateProvince="Western Region">Kanyawara</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA96064FFE34742FBA1FA023840F990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87A9FFE34747FF01FE5B3B7FFC50:8EA96064FFE34742FBA1FA023840F990" country="Uganda" municipality="National Park" name="Makerere University Biological Field Station" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" stateProvince="Western Region">Makerere University Biological Field Station</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B5AFFE34742FEA2FA2738E2F990" box="[308,395,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.587" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="1587.0">
|
||
<elevation id="005BD18CFFE34742FEA2FA2738E2F990" box="[308,395,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.587" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="1587.0">1587 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE425078FFE34742FE00FA273B73F990" box="[406,538,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">0˚33.408’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE425078FFE34742FDB3FA273BDCF990" box="[549,693,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">30˚22.603’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC8107FFFE34742FD56FA273AE3F990" box="[704,906,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" value="2005-07-30" valueMax="2005-08-05" valueMin="2005-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8CE997FFE34742FD56FA273AE3F990" box="[704,906,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" value="2005-07-30" valueMax="2005-08-05" valueMin="2005-07-30">30.vii–5.viii.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52374EA8FFE34742FC03FA263D4BF990" box="[917,1058,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
, degraded mid-altitude rainforest, UG05-M09 (
|
||
<collectorName id="26835369FFE34742FEBDF9DA38D4F9B4" box="[299,445,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">S. van Noort</collectorName>
|
||
), SAM-HYM-P067803 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE7AFFE34742FD45F9DA3A40F9B4" box="[723,809,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">SAMC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD881DFFE34742FCADF9DA3ABFF9B4" box="[827,982,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD36FFE34742FC71F9DA3D63F9B4" box="[999,1034,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD36FFE34742FB81F9DA3D46F9B4" box="[1047,1071,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD36FFE34742FBD2F9DA3D30F9B4" box="[1092,1113,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, ibid., SAM-HYM-P067804 (SAMC);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD36FFE34742FE9AF9FE3848F9C8" box="[268,289,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE34742FEA5F9FE38DBF9C8" box="[307,434,1591,1617]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ituri Province, Djugu Territory, Mongbwalu mining headquarters, N 01˚56’49.40”, E 30˚02’19.58”, 75 YPTs, “Mr Beguin’s house”
|
||
<date id="FFC8107FFFE34742FD30F9933A3BF9EC" box="[678,850,1626,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" value="2015-03-01" valueMax="2015-03-08" valueMin="2015-03-01">01–08/03/2015</date>
|
||
, DNA extract F7 (Gumovsky) (NHMUK);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD36FFE34742FAA8F9923C3CF9EC" box="[1342,1365,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, ibid., Mongbwalu mining headquarters, Yellow Pan traps,
|
||
<date id="FFC8107FFFE34742FD72F9B63A0AF900" box="[740,867,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" value="2014-01-24">24/01/2014</date>
|
||
(Gumovsky) (NHMUK).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6534FFE34742FF51F96A3CF1F978" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51F96A3CF1F978" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF51F96A3821F924" bold="true" box="[199,328,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is named after Emin Pasha (Eduard Schnitzer), one of the famous explorers of East and Central Africa, the territories of the contemporary
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE34742FD5AF90E3A4AF978" box="[716,803,1735,1761]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE34742FCCFF90E3ABDF978" box="[857,980,1735,1761]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in particular. Noun in the genitive case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6534FFE34747FF51F9233B7FFC50" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE34742FF51F9233A24F844" blockId="2.[151,1437,510,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF51F9233825F89D" bold="true" box="[199,332,1770,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The new genus belongs to the soft-bodied entedonines with a non-delimited clypeus, which is characteristic of most representatives of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FD76F8C63D2DF8B0" authority="Westwood, 1833" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[736,1092,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FD76F8C63A15F8B0" box="[736,892,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Closterocerus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE34742FC12F8C63D2DF8B0" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[900,1092,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" pagination="414 - 421" refId="ref5436" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1833) Further notices of the British parasitic Hymenopterous insects; together with the ' Transactions of a fly with a long tail', observed by Mr. E. W. Lewis; and additional observations. Magazine of Natural History, 6, 414 - 421." type="journal article" year="1833">Westwood, 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FBC6F8C639BBF8D4" authority="Kurdjumov, 1912" authorityName="Kurdjumov" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FBC6F8C63C67F8B0" box="[1104,1294,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Neochrysocharis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE34742FA80F8C639BBF8D4" author="Kurdjumov, N. V." pageId="2" pageNumber="244" pagination="223 - 240" refId="ref5175" refString="Kurdjumov, N. V. (1912) Hymenopteres - parasites nouveaux ou peu connus. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 12 (2), 223 - 240." type="journal article" year="1912">Kurdjumov, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FF4AF8FA382DF8D4" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" box="[220,324,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FF4AF8FA382DF8D4" box="[220,324,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FE16F8FA3899F8D4" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1959" box="[384,496,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ionympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FE16F8FA3899F8D4" box="[384,496,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Ionympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE34742FE6BF8FA3BA0F8D4" author="Gumovsky, A. V." box="[509,713,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" pagination="125 - 141" refId="ref4606" refString="Gumovsky, A. V. (2001) The status of some genera allied to Chrysonotomyia Ashmead and Closterocerus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Entedoninae), with description of a new species from Dominican Amber. Phegea, 29 (4), 125 - 141." type="journal article" year="2001">Gumovsky (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FCFCF8FA3C3CF8D4" authority=", Hispinocharis Boucek, 1988" authorityName=", Hispinocharis Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[874,1365,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FCFCF8FA3D6FF8D4" box="[874,1030,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Closterocerus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FB85F8FA3DDBF8D4" box="[1043,1202,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Hispinocharis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE34742FB2EF8FA3C3CF8D4" author="Boucek, Z." box="[1208,1365,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" refId="ref4092" refString="Boucek, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon and Cambrian News Ltd, Aberystwyth, Wales, 832 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bouček, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FAF6F8FA38F0F8E8" authority="Boucek 1986" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Mangocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FAF6F8FA3990F8E8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Mangocharis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE34742FE97F89E38F0F8E8" author="Boucek, Z." box="[257,409,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" pagination="393 - 407" refId="ref4039" refString="Boucek, Z. (1986) Taxonomic study of chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera) associated with gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on mango trees. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 76 (3), 393 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300014899" type="journal article" year="1986">Bouček 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FE32F89E3B0BF8E8" authorityName="Kurdjumov" authorityYear="1912" box="[420,610,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FE32F89E3B0BF8E8" box="[420,610,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Neochrysocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FD0CF89E3A6BF8E8" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" box="[666,770,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FD0CF89E3A6BF8E8" box="[666,770,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on their morphological similarity, in particular their possession of subtorular grooves.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE34742FD8FF8B23B99F80C" author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Gebiola, M. & Hansson, C." box="[537,752,1915,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref4138" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Gebiola, M. & Hansson, C. (2011) Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with focus on the subfamily Entedoninae. Cladistics, 27, 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00358. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FDF3F8B23BFEF80C" box="[613,663,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated a basal relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FB0DF8B23C5EF80C" authorityName=", Hispinocharis Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[1179,1335,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FB0DF8B23C5EF80C" box="[1179,1335,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Closterocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FEF6F85638A1F820" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" box="[352,456,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FEF6F85638A1F820" box="[352,456,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE34742FE71F8563BCCF820" authorityName="Kurdjumov" authorityYear="1912" box="[487,677,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE34742FE71F8563BCCF820" box="[487,677,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="244">Neochrysocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and suggested the potential value of the form of the basiconic peg sensilla for informing the phylogenetic position of the genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF096637FFE24743FF01F8C03B77F8F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280817/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="245" startId="3.[151,250,1801,1825]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1777]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE24743FF01F8C03B77F8F0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1801,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE24743FF01F8C0387AF8B8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="245">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE24743FE8FF8C03A63F8B8" authority="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[281,778,1801,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE24743FE8FF8C03B79F8B8" box="[281,528,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="245">Afronympha eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
Gumovsky & van Noort
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE24743FC86F8C03AC5F8B8" bold="true" box="[784,940,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157D6FFE24743FC86F8C03AC5F8B8" box="[784,940,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="245" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female: A, B, D, holotype (Uganda); C, E, paratypes: C, from DR Congo; E, from Uganda. A, C, E, habitus; B, wings showing wing interference pattern of fore wing (WIP); D, head and mesosoma in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF096637FFE54744FF01F88C38DCF83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280821/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="246" startId="4.[151,250,1861,1885]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1837]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE54744FF01F88C38DCF83C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1861,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE54744FF01F88C387DF8C4" bold="true" box="[151,276,1861,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="246">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE54744FE8DF88C3A78F8C4" authority="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[283,785,1861,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE54744FE8DF88C3B7AF8C4" box="[283,531,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="246">Afronympha eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
Gumovsky & van Noort
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE54744FC8FF88C3AD1F8C4" bold="true" box="[793,952,1861,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157D6FFE54744FC8FF88C3AD1F8C4" box="[793,952,1861,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="246" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female, head: A, C–E, head in frontal view; F, lower face; B, head in dorsal view; G, head, view from below; H, lower face, view from behind. C, D, holotype (Uganda); A, E–H, paratype (DR Congo).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF096637FFE44745FF01FA8A3DD9FA3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280823/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" startId="5.[151,250,1347,1371]" targetBox="[168,1436,171,1323]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE44745FF01FA8A3DD9FA3A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1347,1443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FF01FA8A387CFAC2" bold="true" box="[151,277,1347,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FE8BFA8A3A70FAC2" authority="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[285,793,1347,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FE8BFA8A3B7EFAC2" box="[285,535,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Afronympha eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
Gumovsky & van Noort
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FCB4FA8A3AADFAC2" bold="true" box="[802,964,1347,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157D6FFE44745FCB4FA8A3AADFAC2" box="[802,964,1347,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: A–C, male: A, habitus; B, head and anterior mesosoma, inset: F2 with the sensillum ampullaceum highlighted by black arrow; C, wings, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma (transpleural suture is indicated by white arrow); D, dorso-lateral mesosoma of female, SEM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE44745FF51FA3C38ACF805" blockId="5.[151,1437,1525,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FF51FA3C3839F996" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,336,1525,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FF51FA3C3839F996" box="[199,336,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Afronympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FE44FA3C3B53F996" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" box="[466,570,1525,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FE44FA3C3B53F996" box="[466,570,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in terms of the general habitus, the subtorular grooves, the occiput with median furrow (though weak), the short postmarginal and stigmal veins, and presence of the anterior groove on the propodeum. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FE0DF9F73B54F9CE" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[411,573,1597,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FE0DF9F73B54F9CE" box="[411,573,1597,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">A. eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be classified as a derived species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FBAFF9F43DC8F9CE" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" box="[1081,1185,1597,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FBAFF9F43DC8F9CE" box="[1081,1185,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the possession of the following character states: (1) scrobal grooves meet below the transverse facial sulcus (ending separately in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FF01F94C3996F906" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,255,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FF01F94C3996F906" box="[151,255,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) flagellum with distinct subdivision into 3-segmented funicle and 2-segmented clava (unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FAC8F94F39A3F95A" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FAC8F94F39A3F95A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the subdivision is ambiguous, since the funicular and claval segments are rather similar in shape and length); (3) flagellum with short and symmetric sensilla ampullacea (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD881DFFE44745FC0CF9073AA5F971" box="[922,972,1742,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
|
||
I sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE44745FBBEF9073DA3F971" author="Hansson, C." box="[1064,1226,1742,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref4958" refString="Hansson, C. (2002) Eulophidae of Costa Rica, 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 67, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="2002">Hansson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, basiconic capitate peg sensilla sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE44745FEF0F93B3B49F895" author="Yang, P. & Li, Z. - B. & Yang, D. - R. & Peng, Y. - Q. & Kjellberg, F." box="[358,544,1777,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" pagination="99 - 108" refId="ref5545" refString="Yang, P., Li, Z. - B., Yang, D. - R., Peng, Y. - Q., Kjellberg, F. (2018) Comparison of the antennal sensilla of females of four figwasps associated with Ficus auriculata. Acta Oecologica, 90, 99 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actao. 2017.11.002" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Yang
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FE31F93B38B1F892" box="[423,472,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) unlike the L-shaped (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD881DFFE44745FC8AF93B3A27F895" box="[796,846,1778,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE44745FC26F93B3D38F895" author="Hansson, C." box="[944,1105,1778,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref4958" refString="Hansson, C. (2002) Eulophidae of Costa Rica, 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 67, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="2002">Hansson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) sensilla ampullacea in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FAC8F93B39A3F8B6" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FAC8F93B39A3F8B6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similar sensilla ampullacea (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD881DFFE44745FD8CF8DF3B25F8A9" box="[538,588,1814,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
|
||
I) are peculiar to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FC13F8DC3D2AF8B6" authorityName="Kurdjumov" authorityYear="1912" box="[901,1091,1813,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FC13F8DC3D2AF8B6" box="[901,1091,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Neochrysocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also a sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FF01F8F038BEF8CD" authority="(Burks et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Burks" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[151,471,1849,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asecodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FF01F8F03996F8CA" box="[151,255,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Asecodes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE44745FE9BF8F038A6F8CD" author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Gebiola, M. & Hansson, C." box="[269,463,1849,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref4138" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Gebiola, M. & Hansson, C. (2011) Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with focus on the subfamily Entedoninae. Cladistics, 27, 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00358. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FEC1F8F338EEF8CA" box="[343,391,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FE76F8F03BF7F8CA" authorityName="Kurdjumov" authorityYear="1912" box="[480,670,1849,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FE76F8F03BF7F8CA" box="[480,670,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Neochrysocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FC39F8F03D51F8CA" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[943,1080,1849,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FC39F8F03D51F8CA" box="[943,1080,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Afronympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(apart from the autapomorphies of the genus) in having a clavate antenna with 2-segmented funicle and 3-segmented clava, all flagellar segments being generally transverse.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE44746FF51F86C3D91FED8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1525,2020]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FF51F86C3839F826" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,336,1957,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FF51F86C3839F826" box="[199,336,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Afronympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reminiscent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FD8BF86C3BE4F826" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1959" box="[541,653,1957,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ionympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FD8BF86C3BE4F826" box="[541,653,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Ionympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in sharing somewhat enlarged mandibles with two large apical teeth. However, the mandible is robust, and its apical teeth are subequal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE44745FC04F8003D72F87A" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[914,1051,1993,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE44745FC04F8003D72F87A" box="[914,1051,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="247">Afronympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, there are several tiny dorsal teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FF67FF5E3808FF28" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1959" box="[241,353,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ionympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FF67FF5E3808FF28" box="[241,353,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Ionympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas there is a lamellate wide tooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FCD1FF5E3AB9FF28" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[839,976,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FCD1FF5E3AB9FF28" box="[839,976,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Afronympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additional differences include: (1) gena is not incised in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FEC1FF723889FF4C" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[343,480,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FEC1FF723889FF4C" box="[343,480,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Afronympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it bears an incision in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FCC3FF723AACFF4C" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1959" box="[853,965,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ionympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FCC3FF723AACFF4C" box="[853,965,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Ionympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (2) sensory pores on the male scape are present only at the apex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FE5EFF163B51FF60" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1959" box="[456,568,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ionympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FE5EFF163B51FF60" box="[456,568,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Ionympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas they are restricted to the ventral edge of the scape in the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FA12FF163871FE84" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FA12FF163871FE84" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">A. eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (3) ovipositor long and robust in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FD0DFECA3A4DFE84" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[667,804,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FD0DFECA3A4DFE84" box="[667,804,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Afronympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(short and slender in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FB8EFECA3DE1FE84" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1959" box="[1048,1160,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ionympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FB8EFECA3DE1FE84" box="[1048,1160,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Ionympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (4) gaster is uniformly darkened in the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FE31FEEE3B2EFED8" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[423,583,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FE31FEEE3B2EFED8" box="[423,583,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">A. eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a pale subbasal spot is present on male gaster of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FBE1FEEE3D8EFED8" authorityName="Graham" authorityYear="1959" box="[1143,1255,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ionympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FBE1FEEE3D8EFED8" box="[1143,1255,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Ionympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF096637FFE74746FF01F9233DB1F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6280827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" startId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1747]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE74746FF01F9233DB1F82E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1770,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FF01F923387DF89A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1770,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Areas and habitats where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE74746FDB2F9223D74F89B" authority="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[548,1053,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FDB2F9223A74F89A" box="[548,797,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">Afronympha eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
Gumovsky & van Noort
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE74746FBB3F9223DAFF89A" bold="true" box="[1061,1222,1771,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157D6FFE74746FBB3F9223DAFF89A" box="[1061,1222,1771,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="248" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was collected: A, B, Uganda, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station (the type locality): A, forest road through the degraded mid-altitude rainforest; B, students on the Tropical Biology Association 2005 course assisting with installation of yellow pan (Moerike) traps (YPT) and Malaise traps; C–E, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mongbwalu mining area, the abandoned building of “Mr Beguin’s house” and its surroundings: C, general view of the disturbed landscape; D, filling YPT using watering pot (AG); E, YPT in grass nearby the construction; F, filtering YPT (Claude Dhendro).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE64747FF51FF5E3A84FE48" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FF51FF5E3839FF28" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,336,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FF51FF5E3839FF28" box="[199,336,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">Afronympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by the produced anterior margin of the clypeus and enlarged mandibles with large teeth. The produced anterior margin of the clypeus occurs in other entedonines, in particular in species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FF01FF1638F6FF60" authority="Dalman, 1820" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,415,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Entedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FF01FF16399DFF60" box="[151,244,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">Entedon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FF6AFF1638F6FF60" author="Dalman, J. W." box="[252,415,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" pagination="123 - 174" refId="ref4282" refString="Dalman, J. W. (1820) Forsok till Uppstallning af Insect-familjen Pteromalini, i synnerhet med afseen de pa de i Sverige funne Arter. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 41 (1), 123 - 174 + 177 - 182, tabs VII - VIII." type="journal article" year="1820">Dalman, 1820</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FDDBFF163BC3FF60" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[589,682,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Entedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FDDBFF163BC3FF60" box="[589,682,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">Entedon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with such a clypeus for which the biology is known have an association with subterranean hosts and are usually parasitoids of beetle larvae which pupate in the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FA89FECA39BBFED8" author="Gumovsky, A. V." pageId="7" pageNumber="249" pagination="141 - 176" refId="ref4561" refString="Gumovsky, A. V. (1999) Review of the genus Entedon Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Entedoninae). 4. Revision of the cyanellus group. Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici, 91, 141 - 176." type="journal article" year="1999">Gumovsky 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2006, 2008). Adult parasitoids negotiate a passage through the soil layer with the assistance of the clypeal margin (used like a spade to push away the surrounding soil particles), and mandibles (used to pulverize large soil particles). The mandibles are large in these entedonines, but similar in structure to mandibles of congeners with different biology. Mandibles similar in structure to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FC89FE5A3AA9FE34" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[799,960,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FC89FE5A3AA9FE34" box="[799,960,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">A. eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur rarely in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FBE3FE5A3D9EFE34" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1141,1271,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these rare examples may shed some light on the prospective biology of the new genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE64747FF51FE123B38FD30" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">
|
||
The robust mandibles with two large apical teeth are peculiar to two eulophid species in the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FACCFE12383FFD80" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetrastichinae">Tetrastichinae Förster</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FEF7FE363B84FD80" authority="LaSalle, 1994" authorityName="LaSalle" authorityYear="1994" box="[353,749,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Chytrolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alibaba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FEF7FE363B23FD80" box="[353,586,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">Chytrolestes alibaba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FDC7FE363B84FD80" author="LaSalle, J." box="[593,749,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" pagination="109 - 236" refId="ref5205" refString="LaSalle, J. (1994). North American genera of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Natural History, 28, 109 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770091" type="journal article" year="1994">LaSalle, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FCB3FE363C59FD80" authority="(Girault, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[805,1328,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Chaenotetrastichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiflavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FCB3FE363D14FD80" box="[805,1149,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">Chaenotetrastichus semiflavus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FB1AFE363C41FD80" author="Girault, A. A." box="[1164,1320,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" pagination="129" refId="ref4429" refString="Girault, A. A. (1917) The occurrence of the genus Parachrysocharis Girault in the United States. Canadian Entomologist, 49, 129." type="journal article" year="1917">Girault, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both are parasitoids of pompilid wasps which build mud nests. Although the biology of these parasitoids is not fully known, the adult parasitoids must chew their way out of the nest, through the thick layer of the hardened mud wall. This may suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FECBFDA23894FD1C" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[349,509,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FECBFDA23894FD1C" box="[349,509,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">A. eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also an associate of digger or spider wasps, or of another insect host living in a hardened and concealed soil formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936BFFFE64747FF51FD7A3B7FFC50" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">
|
||
The vegetation of Kibale National Park is transitional between lowland and montane rainforest and is classified as a mid-altitude, moist, evergreen forest with a canopy height typically between 20 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B5AFFE64747FBECFD1E3DDCFD68" box="[1146,1205,727,753]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
, but with some trees exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B5AFFE64747FE86FD333821FC8C" box="[272,328,762,789]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FEC1FD323B73FC8C" author="Mucunguzi, P." box="[343,538,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" pagination="57 - 64" refId="ref5245" refString="Mucunguzi, P. (2007) Diversity and distribution of hemi-epiphytes and facultative herbaceous epiphytes in Kibale National Park, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, 45, 57 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.2007.00739. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Mucunguzi 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FDB3FD323BB7FC8C" author="Struhsaker, T. T." box="[549,734,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" refId="ref5364" refString="Struhsaker, T. T. (1997) Ecology of an African Rain Forest: Logging in Kibale and the Conflict between Conservation and Exploitation. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida, 456 pp." type="book" year="1997">Struhsaker 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FD7EFD323A8CFC8C" author="Wrangham, R. W. & Chapman, C. A. & Chapman, L. J." box="[744,997,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" pagination="355 - 368" refId="ref5492" refString="Wrangham, R. W., Chapman, C. A. & Chapman, L. J. (1994) Seed dispersal by forest chimpanzees in Uganda. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10, 355 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0266467400008026" type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Wrangham
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FCFDFD323AF5FC8C" box="[875,924,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The forest comprises moist evergreen forest (57%), secondary regenerating forest (19%), woodland (4%), grassland (15%), lakes and wetlands (2%), and exotic tree plantations (1%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FE49FC8A3BB8FCC4" author="Chapman, C. A. & Chapman, L. J. & Wrangham, R. W. & Isabirye-Basuta, G. & Ben-David, K." box="[479,721,835,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" pagination="287 - 302" refId="ref4208" refString="Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Wrangham, R. W., Isabirye-Basuta, G. & Ben-David, K. (1997) Spatial and temporal variability in the structure of a tropical forest. African Journal of Ecology, 35, 287 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.1997.083 - 89083. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Chapman
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FDC3FC8A3BEEFCC4" box="[597,647,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with historical selective logging having occurred in the forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B4EFFE64747FF09FCAE3832FC18" author="Struhsaker, T. T." box="[159,347,871,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" refId="ref5364" refString="Struhsaker, T. T. (1997) Ecology of an African Rain Forest: Logging in Kibale and the Conflict between Conservation and Exploitation. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida, 456 pp." type="book" year="1997">Struhsaker 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D3CFFE64747FDADFCAE3BB5FC18" authorityName="Gumovsky & van Noort" authorityYear="2022" box="[571,732,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Afronympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eminpashai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAADFFE64747FDADFCAE3BB5FC18" box="[571,732,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">A. eminpashai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in an area of degraded forest and given that
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361762FFFE64747FAECFCAE3B4AFC3C" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="249">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens were also collected from disturbed areas, this species appears to be associated with degraded habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |