475 lines
52 KiB
XML
475 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="CB53D27089DEC76AE1040CA257C36CFD" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2000)244<0001:MOTRJA>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347311" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630203687125" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="PATTON, JAMES L., DA SILVA, MARIA NAZARETH F. & MALCOLM, JAY R." docDate="2000" docId="039E01774B2DD83FFC873010B656FBF6" docLanguage="en" docName="B244.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (244)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0090(2000)244%3C0001%3AMOTRJA%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Oecomys bicolor" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="FFA7790F4B54D840FFB7335EB74EFFCF" masterDocTitle="Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1699183939665" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3661BF57E37C1E6304A60F1D12CE6721">Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35BB92015748B31C43A08AD1427291C2">PATTON, JAMES L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F3790E1798573EF82815283794A915E">DA SILVA, MARIA NAZARETH F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4301E8C3ADB17DB66D7EAC72E78C7EB">MALCOLM, JAY R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CA0F995D0F98BE840D726A4C1B67B8FC">2000</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B2DD839FC873010B3E3FCAA" box="[816,1197,846,869]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2DD839FC873010B3E3FCAA" blockId="121.[816,1197,846,869]" box="[816,1197,846,869]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
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<heading id="D0C0070D4B2DD839FC873010B3E3FCAA" box="[816,1197,846,869]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2DD839FC873010B3E3FCAA" ID-CoL="48V4V" authority="(Tomes, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[816,1197,846,869]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2DD839FC873010B4B6FCAA" box="[816,1016,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Oecomys bicolor</emphasis>
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(Tomes, 1860)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B2DD839FCB330DFB4D6FC1C" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2DD839FCB330DFB4D6FC1C" blockId="121.[743,1272,897,1741]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
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<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B2DD839FCB330DFB473FC58" box="[772,829,897,920]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY: ‘‘Gualaquiza,’’ Río Gualaquiza,
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<quantity id="4CCF1D844B2DD839FCED30C0B4E5FC7A" box="[858,939,926,949]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="885.0">885 m</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F37E834B2DD839FC0C30C0B46AFC1C" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Provincia de MoronaSantiago</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B2DD839FC8530E2B4DAFC1C" box="[818,916,956,979]" name="Ecuador" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B2DD83BFCB33087B5CEFAA2" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2DD839FCB33087B3B9F902" blockId="121.[743,1272,897,1741]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
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DESCRIPTION: One of the two smallbodied species in the river basin, with average total length of
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(table 29 and fig. 82) and a tail 112% of head and body length. The hind feet are short (22.7 mm) and broad, with tendency for a slightly darkened patch over the metatarsals. The tail is long and uniformly dark in color above and below, typically with 20 scale rows per cm, and clothed in short (about two scale rows long) hairs and terminating in a short, but distinct pencil The dorsal pelage is short and rather bright rufescent tawny in color; the ventral pelage is comprised of pure white hairs; a thin band of graybased and whitetipped hairs may be present at the transitional boundary between the dorsal and ventral coloration, otherwise the dorsal and ventral coloration are sharply demarcated. The skull (fig. 85) is small (CIL averages 27.85 mm) with small toothrows (MTRL 4.03 mm), with very shallow zygomatic notches, more so than other species welldeveloped and strongly diverging supraorbital ledges extending as ridges onto the parietals; upper incisors slightly opisthodont bullae small and uninflated; incisive foramen
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2ED83AFF14374AB698FAA2" blockId="122.[163,692,1044,1742]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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short (4.7 mm) and teardrop in shape; posterior palatal pits small and undivided; parapterygoid fossae relatively deeply excavated; alisphenoid strut present in 19 of 22 individuals, at least on one side; hamular process of squamosal very short and broad, totally occluding subsquamosal foramen in most individuals; tegmen tympani not in contact, or only barely so, with squamosal. The combination of small size and pure white venter distinguishes
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2ED83AFEF13667B68CFA9F" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[326,450,1337,1360]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2ED83AFEF13667B615FA9F" box="[326,347,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">O</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2ED83AFED93667B68CFA9F" box="[366,450,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from all other species within the Rio Jurua´.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2ED83AFF77362AB5D7FA44" blockId="122.[163,692,1044,1742]" box="[192,665,1396,1419]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">SELECTED MEASUREMENTS: See table 29.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2ED83AFF7736CFB3BEFA67" blockId="122.[163,692,1044,1742]" lastBlockId="122.[739,1268,1073,1741]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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NONGEOGRAPHIC VARIATION: The number of specimens of this species is limited, but when pooled across localities, there are substantial differences in nearly all individual measurements of the skin and skull relative to an individual’s toothwear age class (table 32). In every case of significance, the relationship is strongly positive (Pearson product moment correlation coefficients at
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2ED83AFDF13522B51BF95C" box="[582,597,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">p</emphasis>
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<0.05 range from
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03D6A64B2ED83AFEC735C7B68CF97F" box="[368,450,1689,1712]" degrees="0.495" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" precision="55" value="-0.495">–0.495</geoCoordinate>
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; at
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2ED83AFE5C35C7B6B4F97F" box="[491,506,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">p</emphasis>
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<0.01,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03D6A64B2ED83AFDD635C7B5EAF97F" box="[609,676,1689,1712]" degrees="0.560" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" precision="55" value="0.56">0.560</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03D6A64B2ED83AFD1335C7B7A6F902" degrees="0.627" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" precision="55" value="-0.627">– 0.627</geoCoordinate>
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; and at
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2ED83AFEF835E9B610F901" box="[335,350,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">p</emphasis>
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<0.001, 0.648–0.753). No variables exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, however. Consequently, in studies of geographic variation in this species, although the sexes might be effectively pooled, care must be taken to account for age differences among samples. The apparent continual individual growth throughout life is a characteristic of many sigmodontine rodents, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2ED83AFCB53642B3A0FAFC" authority="(Myers and Carleton, 1981)" baseAuthorityName="Myers and Carleton" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[770,1262,1308,1331]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oligoryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2ED83AFCB53642B4EDFAFC" box="[770,931,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Oligoryzomys</emphasis>
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(Myers and Carleton, 1981)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2ED83AFD543667B472FA9F" authorityName="Meyen" authorityYear="1833" box="[739,828,1337,1360]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Akodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2ED83AFD543667B472FA9F" box="[739,828,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Akodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Myers, 1989; Myers et al., 1990), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2ED83AFCA03609B32BFAA2" authority="(Voss, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Voss" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[791,1125,1366,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Zygodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2ED83AFCA03609B48FFAA1" box="[791,961,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Zygodontomys</emphasis>
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(Voss, 1991)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a phenomenon substantiated by laboratory growth studies on the latter genus (Voss et al., 1990)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2ED83AFCB736F0B3BEF902" blockId="122.[739,1268,1073,1741]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION: Substantial differentiation among some localities in mtDNA cytochromeb sequence exists for this species, with specimens from localities within the Mouth Region averaging over 5% different in relation to those from all upriver sites (fig. 86). Unfortunately, we lack sufficient materials to determine if a similar degree of differentiation exists between these geographic areas in morphological characters</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF48E0E94B2FD83BFF7630EEB65EFBAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347491/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" startId="123.[193,231,944,965]" targetBox="[169,692,189,922]" targetPageId="123">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2FD83BFF7630EEB65EFBAA" blockId="123.[167,695,944,1125]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
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Fig. 84. Bivariate plots of discriminant scores for the first two axes in comparisons between (above) five species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2FD83BFE2830B8B6B1FC34" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[415,511,998,1019]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFE2830B8B6B1FC34" box="[415,511,998,1019]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Oecomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Rio Juruá and the three larger species (bottom), based on log
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<subScript id="17B3B2244B2FD83BFF5D3778B7B7FBFC" attach="left" box="[234,249,1062,1075]" fontSize="5" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">10</subScript>
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cranial variables. The percent of the total variation explained by each axis is indicated in each plot.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2FD83BFF1037F8B5CEFAA2" blockId="123.[167,696,1190,1741]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">only a single adult is available from the Mouth localities. In general color, size, or qualitative features of the skull, however, there are no notable differences between this specimen and those representing the upriver clade. Additional specimens should be sought to examine this question further.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B2FD83BFF73362AB47FFD04" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2FD83BFF73362AB4FFFE82" blockId="123.[167,696,1190,1741]" lastBlockId="123.[743,1272,193,1742]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
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DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: We found this species throughout the Rio Jurua´, with specimens taken at localities within each of the four regional sample sites and on both sides of the river (fig. 81). The majority were taken in undisturbed várzea forest (36 of 43, or 84%); three were captured on the terra firme plots (two at Barro Vermelho [locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFD27351FB5E3F996" bold="true" box="[656,685,1601,1625]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">12</emphasis>
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] and one at Sobral [locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFE533500B6BDF9B9" bold="true" box="[484,499,1630,1654]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">4</emphasis>
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]); and four were taken in secondgrowth forest at Igarapé Porongaba (locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFEC935C7B6C3F97E" bold="true" box="[382,397,1689,1713]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">1</emphasis>
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). Most individuals were obtained in canopy platform traps (32 of 43, or 74%); only four were taken in traps placed on the ground or on logs laying on the ground. The remainder (seven) were trapped or shot in low vine tangles approximately
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<quantity id="4CCF1D844B2FD83BFB5F3247B5B0FE82" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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above ground.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2FD83BFCB2320AB47FFD04" blockId="123.[743,1272,193,1742]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">REPRODUCTION: Pregnant females were taken from at least the months of August through February, a period spanning the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season The modal litter size was 2 (mean 2.5, range 1–4; n = 11). Adult males with scrotal testes were taken in at sites from the months of September through March. The few data suggest that both sexes breed for a prolonged period of the year, perhaps continuously throughout. No females were taken, however that were simultaneously pregnant and lactating.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B2FD83EFCB3318FB3F2FD27" lastPageId="126" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2FD83BFCB3318FB307F9F4" blockId="123.[743,1272,193,1742]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
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KARYOTYPE: 2N = 80, FN = 140 (fig. 87) We karyotyped
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<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B2FD83BFC0431B0B315FCCA" box="[947,1115,750,773]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
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from seven separate localities, at least one in each of the four geographic sample regions as follows locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFCF13018B41BFC91" bold="true" box="[838,853,838,862]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">1</emphasis>
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(n = 1), locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFB943018B37CFC91" bold="true" box="[1059,1074,838,862]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">2</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 5), locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFD50303DB5B8FCB4" bold="true" box="[743,758,867,891]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">5</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 5), locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFC78303DB490FCB4" bold="true" box="[975,990,867,891]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">8</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 3), locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFB00303DB39AFCB4" bold="true" box="[1207,1236,867,891]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">12</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 1), locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFC2630DFB4E0FC56" bold="true" box="[913,942,897,921]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">13</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 1), and locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFB0F30DFB39BFC56" bold="true" box="[1208,1237,897,921]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">14</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 1). All specimens exhibited the same karyotype with 19 pairs of medium to small metacentrics and submetacentric autosomes 12 pairs of subtelocentric autosomes, and 8 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. The Xchromosome is a large metacentric, the largest in the complement; the Ychromosome is a small chromosome that appears acrocentric This karyotype differs slightly from that reported by Gardner and Patton (1976) for specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2FD83BFC25379AB35EFB14" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[914,1040,1220,1243]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFC25379AB4E9FB14" box="[914,935,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFC0B379AB35EFB14" box="[956,1040,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B2FD83BFB75379AB3B9FB14" box="[1218,1271,1220,1243]" name="Peru" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Balta, Río Curanja, Depto.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F37E834B2FD83BFB8C37BFB3D4FB37" box="[1083,1178,1249,1272]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
), which was reported with three additional pairs of uniarmed and three fewer biarmed autosomal elements. However, distinctions between the morphological categories can be quite difficult with such small chromosomes, and not too much emphasis should be placed on the presumptive differences between these two karyotypes. Certainly, there are no apparent differences between karyotypes belonging to individuals of the two geographic mtDNA clades illustrated in figure 86.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2FD83BFCB3351FB3BDF902" blockId="123.[743,1272,193,1742]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED (n = 43): (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFB3F351FB3D9F996" bold="true" box="[1160,1175,1601,1625]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">1</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B2FD83BFB1E351FB39FF997" box="[1193,1233,1601,1624]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
, 3 — MNFS 1210, 1260–1261, 1320; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFB113500B3FBF9B9" bold="true" box="[1190,1205,1630,1654]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">2</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B2FD83BFB7D3500B3BCF9BA" box="[1226,1266,1630,1653]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
|
||
4f — MNFS 1187, 1238, 1252, 1332–1333 1396; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFCF435C7B41DF97E" bold="true" box="[835,851,1689,1713]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">b</emphasis>
|
||
) 1f — MNFS 1002; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFBCA35C7B3C2F97E" bold="true" box="[1149,1164,1689,1713]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">3</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B2FD83BFB1335C7B387F97F" box="[1188,1225,1689,1712]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
|
||
— MNFS 1514, 1679; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2FD83BFC5535E8B4BFF901" bold="true" box="[994,1009,1718,1742]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">4</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B2FD83BFBB335E8B367F902" box="[1028,1065,1718,1741]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
— MNFS 1499
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B28D83CFF0A36C3B581F9F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347493" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347493/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" startId="124.[189,227,1437,1458]" targetBox="[171,1258,192,1410]" targetPageId="124">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B28D83CFF0A36C3B581F9F7" blockId="124.[163,1267,1437,1592]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Fig. 85. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of adult crania illustrating representatives of four species of arboreal rice rats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B28D83CFE5C36E6B505FA02" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[491,587,1464,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFE5C36E6B505FA02" box="[491,587,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Oecomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From bottom to top:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B28D83CFCF836E6B48EFA02" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[847,960,1464,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFCF836E6B42CFA02" box="[847,866,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFCC236E6B48EFA02" box="[885,960,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JLP 15403; Igarapé Nova Empresa [locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFED1368CB63DFA28" bold="true" box="[358,371,1490,1511]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">8</emphasis>
|
||
], left bank Rio Jurua´, Amazonas, Brazil),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B28D83CFC8C368DB4E8FA27" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[827,934,1491,1512]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFC8C368DB400FA27" box="[827,846,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFCEA368DB4E8FA27" box="[861,934,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JLP 16033; Altamira [locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFF1436B3B7FEF9CD" bold="true" box="[163,176,1517,1538]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">9</emphasis>
|
||
], right bank Rio Jurua´, Amazonas, Brazil);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B28D83CFD3136B0B44CF9CC" baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen & Chapman" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[646,770,1517,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFD3136B0B5D7F9CC" box="[646,665,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFD1F36B0B44CF9CC" box="[680,770,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">trinitatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JUR 472, Colocação ViraVolta [locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFB7E36B3B3ADF9CD" bold="true" box="[1225,1251,1517,1538]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">14</emphasis>
|
||
], left bank Rio Jurua´, Amazonas, Brazil); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B28D83CFD3A3556B441F9D2" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[653,783,1544,1565]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFD3A3556B5EEF9D2" box="[653,672,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFD063556B441F9D2" box="[689,783,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">superans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(JLP 15517; Penedo [locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B28D83CFBE83556B322F9D2" bold="true" box="[1119,1132,1544,1565]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">7</emphasis>
|
||
], right bank Rio Jurua´, Amazonas, Brazil). Magnification = ×2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B29D83DFCB6310BB49FFBAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347497/files/figure.png" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" startId="125.[769,807,597,618]" targetBox="[747,1268,189,573]" targetPageId="125">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B29D83DFCB6310BB49FFBAA" blockId="125.[743,1271,597,1125]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Fig. 86. Strict consensus of two equally minimal length maximum parsimony trees for 414 bp haplotypes of the mtDNA cytochromeb gene of two species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFC0C31F8B33FFD74" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[955,1137,678,699]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFC0C31F8B33FFD74" box="[955,1137,678,699]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Oecomys bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group from the Rio Jurua´. Catalog numbers for each haplotype (specimen) are listed from top to bottom following the order of terminal twigs: MNFS 1260 MNFS 1261, MNFS 1333, MNFS 1499, JLP 15414, JLP 15433, MNFS 1679, JLP 15777 MNFS 749, MNFS 652, MNFS 651, JUR 566, Jur 354, JUR 480, and JLP 15675. The locality number (from the map, fig. 1) of each haplotype is indicated at the end of each branch tip. Bold numbers at nodes are bootstrap values, based on 1000 iterations; percentages are mean Kimura twoparameter distances. The tree is rooted by comparison to sequences of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFB26375EB47CFBFF" authority="Branch" authorityName="Branch" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFB26375EB3BFFBDA" box="[1169,1265,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Oecomys</emphasis>
|
||
Branch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lengths drawn proportional to the number of character changes. Tree length = 88 steps; CI = 0.784; RI = 0.802.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B29D83DFF103008B5E6FBD2" blockId="125.[167,695,854,1054]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFF073008B7F1FCA1" bold="true" box="[176,191,854,878]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">5</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B29D83DFF633008B7B5FCA2" box="[212,251,854,877]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="7.0">7m</quantity>
|
||
, 7f — JLP 15744, MNFS 581, 613, 625, 639–640, 651–653, 671–675; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFDD2302DB53AFC44" bold="true" box="[613,628,883,907]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">8</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B29D83DFD3D302AB5FCFC44" box="[650,690,884,907]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</quantity>
|
||
, 4f — JLP 15403, 15414, 15433, 15449, MNFS 466, 505, 507, 513; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFDBE30F0B557FC09" bold="true" box="[521,537,942,966]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">h</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B29D83DFD9830F0B51AFC0A" box="[559,596,942,965]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
— JLP 15214; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFEA53095B652FC2C" bold="true" box="[274,284,971,995]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">j</emphasis>
|
||
) 1f — MNFS 439; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFD8E3095B518FC2C" bold="true" box="[569,598,971,995]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">11</emphasis>
|
||
) 1f — MNFS 834; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFEFA30B7B624FBCE" bold="true" box="[333,362,1001,1025]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">12</emphasis>
|
||
) 2f — JLP 15777, MNFS 749; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFF593758B645FBD1" bold="true" box="[238,267,1030,1054]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">13</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B29D83DFEA83758B60AFBD2" box="[287,324,1030,1053]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
— JUR 304; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFE4D3758B559FBD1" bold="true" box="[506,535,1030,1054]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">14</emphasis>
|
||
) 1f — 566.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B29D83DFEFC371FB55DFB98" blockId="125.[167,696,1088,1741]" box="[331,531,1088,1112]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFEFC371FB55DFB98" box="[331,531,1088,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFEFC371FB6F8FB97" box="[331,438,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Oecomys</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B29D83DFF733732B5EFF9BA" blockId="125.[167,696,1088,1741]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
DESCRIPTION: We caught a second smallbodied species at three localities (Condor, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFF4037F8B648FB71" bold="true" box="[247,262,1190,1214]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">6</emphasis>
|
||
; ViraVolta, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFDA037F8B57AFB71" bold="true" box="[535,564,1190,1214]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">14</emphasis>
|
||
; and Vai QuemQuer, locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFE1C379DB686FB14" bold="true" box="[427,456,1219,1243]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">15</emphasis>
|
||
). It was sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFF5337BFB614FB37" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[228,346,1249,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFF5337BFB7B7FB37" box="[228,249,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFEBE37BFB614FB37" box="[265,346,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the first of these, and with three other species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFDA337A1B5C1FAD9" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[532,655,1278,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFDA337A1B567FAD9" box="[532,553,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFD8C37A1B5C1FAD9" box="[571,655,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at the second, but was the only species found at the last locality (fig. 80). Only three individuals were trapped; one old adult and two young animals. This taxon is quite different from all others, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFE5536CFB513FA67" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[482,605,1425,1448]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFE5536CFB6B9FA67" box="[482,503,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFDBE36CFB513FA67" box="[521,605,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in molecular mtDNA sequence (figs. 82 and 86; table 28), and is also demonstrably distinct in morphology from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFE2C36B7B55CF9CF" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[411,530,1513,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFE2C36B7B6FEF9CF" box="[411,432,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFE0936B7B55CF9CF" box="[446,530,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only species with which it might be confused. G. G. Musser (personal commun.) provisionally considers it a member of the ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFD8F351FB5F9F997" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[568,695,1601,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFD8F351FB503F997" box="[568,589,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFDD4351FB5F9F997" box="[611,695,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,’’ largely by virtue of its small size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B29D83DFF733522B3B9F902" blockId="125.[167,696,1088,1741]" lastBlockId="125.[743,1272,1190,1741]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
In comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFE223522B543F95C" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[405,525,1660,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFE223522B6E4F95C" box="[405,426,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFE0E3522B543F95C" box="[441,525,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this mouse is smaller in all external and cranial measurements, significantly so in most despite the very limited sample (table 29; fig. 83). Not surprisingly, therefore, it is completely separable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFCCE37BFB4BCFB37" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[889,1010,1249,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFCCE37BFB4C0FB37" box="[889,910,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFC2937BFB4BCFB37" box="[926,1010,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in multivariate space based on a discriminant analysis (fig. 84, and above), with 100% of individuals of both species correctly assigned with posterior probabilities> 0.9999. It is darker dorsally dull reddish brown as opposed to lighter, orangish brown. The venter is pure white as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFD5036F1B428FA09" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[743,870,1454,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFD5036F1B5B2FA09" box="[743,764,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFCA536F1B428FA09" box="[786,870,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there is a narrow band of graybased hairs separating ventral and lateral coloration. The hind feet are slightly shorter than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFC563559B314F9D1" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[993,1114,1542,1566]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFC563559B4B8F9D1" box="[993,1014,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFBB13559B314F9D1" box="[1030,1114,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the dorsal surface is paler. The tail is uniformly dark brown both above and below and with a short pencil, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFC733501B370F9B9" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[964,1086,1630,1654]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFC733501B497F9B9" box="[964,985,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFC5D3501B370F9B9" box="[1002,1086,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsal fur is short and thick, but longer than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B29D83DFB6C3522B475F97F" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B29D83DFB6C3522B475F97F" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">O bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cranially, this species has a somewhat more slender rostrum when paired with
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B2AD83EFF0A317EB5B3FD9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347499/files/figure.png" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" startId="126.[189,227,544,565]" targetBox="[387,1042,190,520]" targetPageId="126">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2AD83EFF0A317EB5B3FD9F" blockId="126.[163,1267,544,592]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
|
||
Fig. 87. Karyotype of a female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2AD83EFD92317EB596FDFA" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[549,728,544,565]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFD92317EB596FDFA" box="[549,728,544,565]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Oecomys bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2n = 80, FN = 140) collected at Igarapé Porongaba (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFE8A3164B61DFD80" bold="true" box="[317,339,570,591]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">1)</emphasis>
|
||
, Estado do Acre, Brazil (MNFS 1332).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2AD83EFF1431C8B50EFBAA" blockId="126.[163,692,662,1741]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
|
||
similar aged
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2AD83EFEF531C9B6F0FD61" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[322,446,662,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFEF531C9B619FD61" box="[322,343,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFEDD31C9B6F0FD61" box="[362,446,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a narrower interorbital region, and distinctly shorter toothrows (mean MTRL = 3.58 vs 4.03;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFDAA318FB562FD27" box="[541,556,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.01 by 2tailed
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFEB131B1B640FCC9" box="[262,270,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">t</emphasis>
|
||
test). The incisive foramen is teardrop in shape rather than oval as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2AD83EFDDD3052B7AEFC8F" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFDDD3052B531FCEC" box="[618,639,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFD243052B7AEFC8F" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, widest posteriorly rather than at its midlength. The anterior border of the mesopterygoid fossa is flatter, less arched into the palate, and the parapterygoid fossae are deeper. The upper molar teeth are similar in occlusal details, except that distinct cuspules are evident at the entrance to both the proto and hypoflexi in all
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B2AD83EFE0630A8B537FBC2" box="[433,633,1014,1037]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. Although these cuspules are occasionally observed in the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2AD83EFE09376FB572FB87" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[446,572,1073,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFE09376FB69DFB87" box="[446,467,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFE5F376FB572FB87" box="[488,572,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are never as distinctly well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2AD83EFF773732B5D7FB4C" blockId="126.[163,692,662,1741]" box="[192,665,1132,1155]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">SELECTED MEASUREMENTS: See table 29.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2AD83EFF7737D7B3F2FD27" blockId="126.[163,692,662,1741]" lastBlockId="126.[739,1268,662,1742]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
|
||
MOLECULAR PHYLOGEOGRAPHY: Each of the three individuals came from separate localities. Interestingly, the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B2AD83EFE0D379AB523FB14" box="[442,621,1220,1243]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the left bank localities of Condor (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFD2C37BFB5E4FB36" bold="true" box="[667,682,1249,1273]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">6</emphasis>
|
||
) and ViraVolta (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFE6137A0B6BDFAD9" bold="true" box="[470,499,1278,1302]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">14</emphasis>
|
||
), located some
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B2AD83EFF143642B7B1FAFC" box="[163,255,1308,1331]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="km" value="660.0">660 km</quantity>
|
||
apart (table 1), are nearly identical in their respective cytochromeb sequences. These two differ at only 6 sites of the 414 base pairs examined (Kimura twoparameter distance of 0.24%; fig. 85). The third specimen, however, is quite distinct, differing from the other two by an average Kimura twoparameter distance of 7.29% (fig. 86). It was trapped on the right bank at VaiQuem Quer (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFEF9357DB625F9F4" bold="true" box="[334,363,1571,1595]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">15</emphasis>
|
||
), opposite ViraVolta in the Mouth region of the river. These data suggest that two deeply divergent mitochondrial clades, perhaps signaling separate species status, are separated by the Rio Jurua´, at least in its lower reaches. Additional collections of this mouse are badly needed from within the Rio Juruá Basin, as well as elsewhere, before its status can be adequately understood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B2AD83EFCB731B0B422FB14" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2AD83EFCB731B0B49CFB87" blockId="126.[739,1268,662,1742]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: This species was obtained only in terra firme forest in Sherman traps;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B2AD83EFC1B3077B31AFC8F" box="[940,1108,809,832]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
was on the ground, the other two in canopy platforms positioned at 9.3 m and 12.5 m above the ground. We obtained so few specimens of this species that all data must be taken as preliminary, but it appears to occupy a distinctly different habitat than its similar sized relative,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2AD83EFCF830A9B483FBC1" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[847,973,1014,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFCF830A9B42AFBC1" box="[847,868,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFCCE30A9B483FBC1" box="[889,973,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is found nearly exclusively in flooded várzea forest within the Rio Juruá basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2AD83EFCB73710B422FB14" blockId="126.[739,1268,662,1742]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
|
||
REPRODUCTION: All three individuals collected were females,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B2AD83EFC6A3732B331FB4C" box="[989,1151,1132,1155]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="subadult">two subadults</specimenCount>
|
||
that were nulliparous and the third pregnant with three embryos when trapped in May during the wet season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B2AD83FFCB737BFB656FBF6" lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2AD83EFCB737BFB3BEF902" blockId="126.[739,1268,662,1742]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
|
||
KARYOTYPE: 2n = 86; FN = 98 (fig. 88) We karyotype each of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D317BE84B2AD83EFBAF37A0B39DFADA" box="[1048,1235,1278,1301]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of this species that we obtained. Despite deep differences in mtDNA sequences (see fig 86), each of these appeared to have the same karyotype, although the specific determination of the number of arms for many of the very small autosomal elements is, admittedly, equivocal. The autosomal complement consists of seven pairs of small metacentrics and submetacentrics and 35 pairs of medium to small acrocentrics. Although no male specimens were examined, we identify the Xchromosome as a very large subtelocentric, an identification that is consistent with the Xchromosome of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2AD83EFB7035C7B462F901" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2AD83EFB7035C7B462F901" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Oecomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we, and others, have karyotyped
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B2BD83FFF763013B5F3FC7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347501/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" startId="127.[193,231,845,866]" targetBox="[397,1040,191,821]" targetPageId="127">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2BD83FFF763013B5F3FC7D" blockId="127.[167,1271,845,946]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Fig. 88. Karyotypes of two female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B2BD83FFDE63010B44AFCAD" box="[593,772,845,867]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2BD83FFDE63010B5FFFCAC" box="[593,689,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Oecomys</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2n = 86, FN = 98) representing each of the two major mitochondrial DNA clades identified in fig. 86:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2BD83FFC9F3036B475FCB2" bold="true" box="[808,827,872,893]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">A</emphasis>
|
||
: JUR 354, VaiQuemQuer (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2BD83FFB7A3036B3A9FCB2" bold="true" box="[1229,1255,872,893]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">15</emphasis>
|
||
) right bank Rio Jurua´, Estado do Amazonas, Brazil;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2BD83FFD5F30DCB5B7FC58" bold="true" box="[744,761,898,919]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">B</emphasis>
|
||
: JUR 480, Colocação ViraVolta (locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2BD83FFB7A30DCB3A9FC58" bold="true" box="[1229,1255,898,919]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">14</emphasis>
|
||
) left bank Rio Jurua´, Estado do Amazonas, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B2BD83FFF7330B6B656FBF6" blockId="127.[167,695,999,1081]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED (n = 3): (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2BD83FFDF930B9B513FC30" bold="true" box="[590,605,999,1023]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">6</emphasis>
|
||
) 1f — JLP 15675; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2BD83FFEF3375BB625FBD2" bold="true" box="[324,363,1029,1053]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">14)</emphasis>
|
||
1f — JUR 480; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B2BD83FFDF1375BB52DFBD2" bold="true" box="[582,611,1029,1053]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">15</emphasis>
|
||
) 1f — JUR 354.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |