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<document id="FF37D5ACF2E4EBBEB447946E8B5E6BB5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4033.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5ed7ad78-1c25-4690-98d7-df6929e4b01d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289810" ID-ZooBank="9C0A63B6-5532-484D-BBD7-EDD5250D4ABA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461295996980" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Blake, James A." docDate="2015" docId="038D87CDFFB5BC11FF16F9BEFD8FF9EC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04033p093.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4033 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scalibregma Rathke 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFB4FFB5FFB6BC15FF81FFC5FFCEFF98" masterDocTitle="New species of Scalibregmatidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the East Antarctic Peninsula including a description of the ecology and post-larval development of species of Scalibregma and Oligobregma" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698616504309" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AA022120BCEE748E44ADC2FC1EC348D7">New species of Scalibregmatidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the East Antarctic Peninsula including a description of the ecology and post-larval development of species of Scalibregma and Oligobregma</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8376B43257B33B69578540CC3D2CF1AD">Blake, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038D87CDFFB5BC11FF16F9BEFD8FF9EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102449" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127693778" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102449" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87CDFFB5BC11FF16F9BEFD8FF9EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87CDFFB5BC11FF16F9BEFD8FF9EC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="C33E6550FFB5BC16FF16F9BEFDFFF90D" box="[151,561,1658,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB5BC16FF16F9BEFDFFF90D" blockId="3.[151,561,1658,1685]" box="[151,561,1658,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="D0D381B7FFB5BC16FF16F9BEFDFFF90D" bold="true" box="[151,561,1658,1685]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB5BC16FF16F9BEFDFFF90D" bold="true" box="[151,561,1658,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB5BC16FF6FF9BFFDFFF90D" ID-CoL="84TFQ" authority="Rathke, 1843" authorityName="Rathke" authorityYear="1843" box="[238,561,1658,1685]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB5BC16FF6FF9BFFE48F90C" bold="true" box="[238,390,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Scalibregma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB5BC16FE0DF9BEFDFFF90D" author="Rathke" box="[396,561,1659,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Rathke, H. (1843) Beitrage zur Fauna Norwegens. Verhandlungen Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie Naturforscher, 20, 1 - 264. [Breslau] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11613" type="journal article" year="1843">Rathke, 1843</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB5BC16FF16F904FD52F94F" blockId="3.[151,750,1729,1782]" box="[151,668,1729,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB5BC16FF16F904FEEEF94F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1729,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="549F8879FFB5BC16FF16F904FF02F94F" box="[151,204,1729,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
Species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB5BC16FEAFF904FD56F94F" authority="Rathke, 1843" authorityName="Rathke" authorityYear="1843" box="[302,664,1729,1751]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB5BC16FEAFF904FDC7F94F" box="[302,521,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Scalibregma inflatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB5BC16FD8FF904FD56F94F" author="Rathke" box="[526,664,1729,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Rathke, H. (1843) Beitrage zur Fauna Norwegens. Verhandlungen Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie Naturforscher, 20, 1 - 264. [Breslau] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11613" type="journal article" year="1843">Rathke, 1843</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB5BC16FF16F925FD20F96E" blockId="3.[151,750,1729,1782]" box="[151,750,1760,1782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB5BC16FF16F925FECBF96E" bold="true" box="[151,261,1760,1782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Synonym:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB5BC16FE8AF925FDD9F96E" authority="Sars, 1846" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1846" box="[267,535,1760,1782]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Oligobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB5BC16FE8AF925FE6DF96E" box="[267,419,1760,1782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Oligobranchus</emphasis>
Sars, 1846
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB5BC16FDA1F925FD80F96E" box="[544,590,1760,1782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Fide</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB5BC16FDD4F924FD24F96E" author="Hartman" box="[597,746,1760,1782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Hartman, O. (1959) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Allan Hancock Foundation, Occasional Paper, 23, 1 - 628." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman 1959</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E6550FFB5BC16FF16F8E7FD24F877" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB5BC16FF16F8E7FD24F877" blockId="3.[151,1437,1826,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB5BC16FF16F8E7FEDFF8A3" bold="true" box="[151,273,1826,1851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body elongate, arenicoliform. Prostomium T-shaped with lateral horns. Peristomium achaetous, surrounding prostomium dorsally and forming upper and lower lips of mouth ventrally. Parapodia of posterior segments with dorsal and ventral cirri; interramal
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB5BC16FD53F8AFFCD0F81B" box="[722,798,1898,1923]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Pseudoscalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="papilla">papilla</taxonomicName>
present; postsetal lamellae absent. Branchiae present in anterior segments. Setae include capillaries, lyrate setae, and sometimes inconspicuous blunt, pointed, or bifurcated spinous setae anterior to capillaries of setigers 1 or 1‒2, representing homologues of lyrate setae; large conspicuous acicular spines absent. Pygidium with long anal cirri.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E6550FFB2BC11FF46FF52FD8FF9EC" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB2BC11FF46FF52FD65FD80" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FF46FF52FEF5FF28" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</emphasis>
Until recently,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FE6AFF52FD12FF28" box="[491,732,151,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FE6AFF52FD12FF28" box="[491,732,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma inflatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered to be cosmopolitan in its distribution.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FAC9FF52FF2AFF4C" author="Mackie" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, however, demonstrated sufficient variability in European populations to define an additional, closely related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FEC8FF25FDA7FF60" authority="Mackie, 1991" authorityName="Mackie" authorityYear="1991" box="[329,617,223,248]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="celticum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FEC8FF25FE0AFF60" box="[329,452,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. celticum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FE4DFF1AFDA7FF60" author="Mackie" box="[460,617,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Among other observations,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FC2CFF1AFB9CFF60" author="Mackie" box="[941,1106,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
discovered that short slender spines were present anterior to the capillaries of a few anterior noto- and neuropodia anterior to the setigers where lyrate setae occurred. Prior to this study
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FDEAFEE2FD36FED8" box="[619,760,295,320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FDEAFEE2FD36FED8" box="[619,760,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been defined as lacking any
<typeStatus id="549F8879FFB2BC11FBFDFEEDFB62FED8" box="[1148,1196,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
of spinous seta. The spinous setae discovered by Mackie were not the large, curved acicular spines that have been reported for species of
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FF44FEAAFC71FE10" box="[197,959,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FF44FEAAFEA2FE10" box="[197,364,367,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Asclerocheilus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Asclerocheilus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FE09FEAAFDD1FE10" box="[392,543,367,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Oligobregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Oligobregma</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FDBAFEAAFCC8FE10" box="[571,774,367,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Parasclerocheilus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Parasclerocheilus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FC9CFEAAFC75FE10" box="[797,955,367,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Sclerobregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sclerobregma</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FB97FEAAFB62FE10" box="[1046,1196,367,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Sclerocheilus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FB97FEAAFB62FE10" box="[1046,1196,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Sclerocheilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but were instead inconspicuous companions of the capillaries. For
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FD4CFE50FC36FE34" authority="Mackie (1991)" authorityName="Mackie" authorityYear="1991" box="[717,1016,404,429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FD4CFE50FC86FE35" box="[717,840,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. inflatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FCD0FE51FC36FE34" author="Mackie" box="[849,1016,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
found that some of these setae were forked or split on their tips. This observation plus their position in the setal fascicles suggested that they were homologous to the lyrate setae of following segments. Mackie further suggested that the larger recurved spines of other genera were homologous with capillaries.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB2BC11FF46FDE1FAABFD68" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FF46FDE1FEA2FDA4" author="Mackie" box="[199,364,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FE7AFDE1FD25FDA5" box="[507,747,548,573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FE7AFDE1FD25FDA5" box="[507,747,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma inflatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens from the
<typeStatus id="549F8879FFB2BC11FBBFFDE0FBA0FDA5" box="[1086,1134,549,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FB6DFDE0FA88FDA5" box="[1260,1350,549,573]" name="Norway" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Norway</collectingCountry>
as well as from
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FF79FD82FE9AFDF8" box="[248,340,583,608]" name="Sweden" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FEE0FD82FE08FDF8" box="[353,454,583,608]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scotland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FE55FD82FDD5FDF8" box="[468,539,583,608]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Wales</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FDDAFD82FD60FDF8" box="[603,686,583,608]" name="Ireland" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ireland</collectingCountry>
. The second species,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FC28FD8DFBE8FDF8" box="[937,1062,583,608]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="celticum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FC28FD8DFBE8FDF8" box="[937,1062,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. celticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was from
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FB2DFD82FADFFDF8" box="[1196,1297,583,608]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scotland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FA9EFD82FAA8FDF8" box="[1311,1382,583,608]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Wales</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FF16FDA8FF2DFD1C" box="[151,227,621,644]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">France</collectingCountry>
and differed in that the small spinous setae of setigers 1‒2 were blunt-tipped instead of bifurcate. Additionally, eyes were present instead of absent and there were differences in the form of the peristomium, size and distribution of the epidermal pads above the notopodia, and in the number and arrangement of the pygidial cirri.
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FF55FD1DFE80FD68" box="[212,334,727,752]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="celticum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FF55FD1DFE80FD68" box="[212,334,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. celticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was subsequently reported from the Mediterranean by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FC38FD12FB87FD68" author="Cinar" box="[953,1097,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Cinar, M. H. (2005) Polychaetes from the coast of northern Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean Sea), with two new records for the Mediterranean Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 46, 143 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Çinar (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FBFEFD12FAAFFD68" box="[1151,1377,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Lomiri, S., Vani, D., Tomassetti, P., Trabucco, B., Maggi, C., &amp; Nonnis, O. (2012) First record of Scalibregma celticum (Annelida: Polychaeta: Scalibregmatidae) in Italian marine waters. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, 1 - 4. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175526721100100 X" type="journal article">
Lomiri
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FB55FD1CFAC2FD68" box="[1236,1292,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB2BC11FF46FD39FDA4FBE5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FF46FD39FEA2FC8C" author="Mackie" box="[199,364,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
also re-examined
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FDB9FD39FB44FC8C" authority="Bertelsen &amp; Weston, 1980" authorityName="Bertelsen &amp; Weston" authorityYear="1980" box="[568,1162,764,789]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Sclerobregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stenocerum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FDB9FD39FC95FC8C" box="[568,859,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Sclerobregma stenocerum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FCE3FD39FB44FC8C" author="Bertelsen" box="[866,1162,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Bertelsen, R. D. &amp; Weston, D. P. (1980) A new species of Sclerobregma (Polychaeta: Scalibregmatidae) from off the southeastern United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93, 708 - 713. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 107589 (Accessed 19 Oct. 2015)" type="journal article" year="1980">Bertelsen &amp; Weston, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from shelf depths along the southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FED7FCDAFE20FCA0" box="[342,494,799,824]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">United States</collectingCountry>
and found that the anterior acicular spines reported for the species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FA95FCDAFEF0FCC4" author="Bertelsen" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Bertelsen, R. D. &amp; Weston, D. P. (1980) A new species of Sclerobregma (Polychaeta: Scalibregmatidae) from off the southeastern United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93, 708 - 713. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 107589 (Accessed 19 Oct. 2015)" type="journal article" year="1980">Bertelsen &amp; Weston (1980)</bibRefCitation>
were of the small, inconspicuous kind found in
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FCF0FC81FC30FCC5" box="[881,1022,836,861]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FCF0FC81FC30FCC5" box="[881,1022,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species instead of the large, curved acicular spines found on other species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FD24FCA2FC8EFC18" box="[677,832,871,896]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Sclerobregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FD24FCA2FC8EFC18" box="[677,832,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Sclerobregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FCD0FCADFC3FFC18" box="[849,1009,872,896]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Sclerobregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stenocerum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FCD0FCADFC3FFC18" box="[849,1009,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. stenocerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was therefore transferred by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FAC9FCA2FF2FFC3C" author="Mackie" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FE86FC49FE5DFC3D" box="[263,403,908,933]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FE86FC49FE5DFC3D" box="[263,403,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mackie also examined the
<typeStatus id="549F8879FFB2BC11FD52FC49FCFBFC3D" box="[723,821,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FCDDFC48FB72FC3D" authority="Hartman, 1965" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1965" box="[860,1212,908,933]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="branchiatum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FCDDFC48FBC6FC3D" box="[860,1032,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. branchiatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FB91FC48FB72FC3D" author="Hartman" box="[1040,1212,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Hartman, O. (1965) Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications Occasional Paper, 28, 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1965">Hartman, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the type-species of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FF16FC6AFEFCFC50" box="[151,306,943,968]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Sclerobregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FF16FC6AFEFCFC50" box="[151,306,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Sclerobregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from deep water in the western North Atlantic and found short spinous setae anterior to the larger acicular spines of setigers 1 and 2. A similar situation exists in
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FC17FC11FA56FC74" authority="Blake, 1972" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1972" box="[918,1432,980,1005]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Cryptosclerocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="baffinensis">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FC17FC11FB33FC75" box="[918,1277,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Cryptosclerocheilus baffinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FA88FC11FA56FC74" author="Blake" box="[1289,1432,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Blake, J. A. (1972) Two new species of polychaetous annelid worms from Baffin Bay and the Davis Strait. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 71, 127 - 132. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 106891 (Accessed 19 Oct. 2015)" type="journal article" year="1972">Blake, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from deep water in Baffin Bay. This species was reported to have slender, blunt-tipped spines in the noto- and neuropodia of setiger 2; these were replaced by furcate setae from setiger 3 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FB9EFBD9FB6BFBAC" author="Blake" box="[1055,1189,1052,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Blake, J. A. (1972) Two new species of polychaetous annelid worms from Baffin Bay and the Davis Strait. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 71, 127 - 132. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 106891 (Accessed 19 Oct. 2015)" type="journal article" year="1972">Blake 1972</bibRefCitation>
). A re-examination of prepared slides of these spines confirms that these are the same
<typeStatus id="549F8879FFB2BC11FCDDFB85FC42FBC0" box="[860,908,1088,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
of seta reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FBE8FBFAFAC3FBC0" author="Mackie" box="[1129,1293,1087,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
for the three species of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FE8DFBA1FE57FBE5" box="[268,409,1124,1149]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FE8DFBA1FE57FBE5" box="[268,409,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by him.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB2BC11FF46FB42FD9CFA7D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
Following the lead of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FE3EFB42FDA9FB38" author="Mackie" box="[447,615,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Mackie, A. S. Y. (1991) Scalibregma celticum new species (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from Europe, with a redescription of Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 and comments on the genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 268 - 276." type="journal article" year="1991">Mackie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FDF2FB42FCC8FB38" author="Blake" box="[627,774,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Blake, J. A. (2000) Family Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 129 - 144." type="book chapter" year="2000">Blake (2000)</bibRefCitation>
examined specimens from California previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FF3DFB69FE7CFB5D" box="[188,434,1196,1221]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FF3DFB69FE7CFB5D" box="[188,434,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma inflatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described a new species,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FCAAFB68FBB2FB5C" authority="Blake, 2000" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="2000" box="[811,1148,1196,1221]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californicum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FCAAFB68FC13FB5D" box="[811,989,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. californicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FC6AFB69FBB2FB5C" author="Blake" box="[1003,1148,1196,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Blake, J. A. (2000) Family Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 129 - 144." type="book chapter" year="2000">Blake, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. He also suggested that specimens from the
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FE06FB15FE77FB70" box="[391,441,1232,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">U.S.</collectingCountry>
Atlantic coast included at least one new species in addition to
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FB2FFB15FA9EFB70" box="[1198,1360,1232,1256]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Sclerobregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stenocerum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FB2FFB15FA9EFB70" box="[1198,1360,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. stenocerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FF7FFB31FE28FA94" box="[254,486,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Bakken, T., Oug, E. &amp; Kongsrud, J. A. (2014) Occurrence and distribution of Pseudoscalibregma and Scalibregma (Annelida, Scalibregmatidae) in the deep Nordic Seas, with the description of Scalibregma hanseni n. sp. Zootaxa, 3753 (2), 101 - 117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3753.2.1" type="journal article">
Bakken
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FEDAFB30FE5AFA95" box="[347,404,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FDE0FB30FB82FA94" authority="Bakken, Oug &amp; Kongsrud, 2014" authorityName="Bakken, Oug &amp; Kongsrud" authorityYear="2014" box="[609,1100,1268,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hanseni">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FDE0FB30FD1BFA95" box="[609,725,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. hanseni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FD5CFB31FB82FA94" author="Bakken" box="[733,1100,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Bakken, T., Oug, E. &amp; Kongsrud, J. A. (2014) Occurrence and distribution of Pseudoscalibregma and Scalibregma (Annelida, Scalibregmatidae) in the deep Nordic Seas, with the description of Scalibregma hanseni n. sp. Zootaxa, 3753 (2), 101 - 117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3753.2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Bakken, Oug &amp; Kongsrud, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from deep water off
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FABCFB30FA57FA95" box="[1341,1433,1269,1293]" name="Norway" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Norway</collectingCountry>
. These authors also focused on the short, spinous setae anterior to normal capillaries in setigers 1‒2 and found similar spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FEFBFAF9FC40FACC" authority="Hansen, 1879" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1879" box="[378,910,1340,1365]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Pseudoscalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FEFBFAF9FD71FACC" box="[378,703,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pseudoscalibregma parvum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FD5BFAF9FC48FACC" author="Hansen" box="[730,902,1340,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Hansen, G. A. (1879) Annelider fra den norske Nordhavsexpedition i 1876. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaern, 24, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1879">Hansen, 1879</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In my own work, numerous species of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FF16FA9AFE94FAE0" box="[151,346,1375,1400]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Scalibregmatidae</taxonomicName>
have been examined and these short spinous setae, considered homologous to the lyrate setae, have been found in other genera including some with large curved acicular spines. I now believe that most species of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FF39FA62FEB5FA58" box="[184,379,1447,1472]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Scalibregmatidae</taxonomicName>
having lyrate setae will be found to have the same
<typeStatus id="549F8879FFB2BC11FC56FA6CFBC9FA59" box="[983,1031,1449,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
of short spinous setae in segments anterior to where the lyrate setae begin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36DBFFB2BC11FF46FA34FD8FF9EC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
To date, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FE40FA2AFD80F990" box="[449,590,1519,1544]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FE40FA2AFD80F990" box="[449,590,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FD13FA2AFD34F990" box="[658,762,1519,1544]" name="Antarctica" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
waters have been identified in several faunal and ecological accounts as
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FEA3F9D0FE53F9B5" box="[290,413,1556,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FEA3F9D0FE53F9B5" box="[290,413,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">S. inflatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see reference list below). The only original illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D58FFB2BC11FBD2F9D1FB2EF9B5" box="[1107,1248,1556,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Scalibregmatidae" genus="Scalibregma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAC9FFB2BC11FBD2F9D1FB2EF9B5" box="[1107,1248,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Scalibregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FAA6F9D1FA52F9B5" box="[1319,1436,1556,1581]" name="Antarctica" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
appear to be by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B2AFFB2BC11FEDCF9FCFD4BF9C8" author="Knox" box="[349,645,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" refString="Knox, G. A. &amp; Cameron, D. B. (1998) The Marine Fauna of the Ross Sea: Polychaeta. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 108, 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1998">
Knox &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F333764BFFB2BC11FE49F9FDFDE1F9C8" box="[456,559,1592,1616]" name="Cameroon" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Cameron</collectingCountry>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
of the anterior end and a branchiate parapodium from a specimen collected from the Ross Sea in
<specimenCount id="9D22FD52FFB2BC11FE72F999FD8FF9EC" box="[499,577,1628,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CDC9B3EFFB2BC11FE72F999FDF3F9EC" box="[499,573,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.779999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="578.0">578 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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