251 lines
40 KiB
XML
251 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="FAC8A36FA21CFEE6E87BD9863C901A67" ID-CLB-Dataset="2897" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5082.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e821345c-e11b-4789-b3d7-ccf922a03dd7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5792783" ID-ZooBank="D868FB39-82D3-4413-B0FD-33808CE1CCB3" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639991507219" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R." docDate="2021" docId="038D87B5A131A629FF560BB2105DFF6D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5082.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5082 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gonaxia constricta" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="382" masterDocId="FFB4FFCDA137A620FFC10C251544FF94" masterDocTitle="Second records and redescriptions of two rare thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the southwestern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="373" pageNumber="379" updateTime="1699472806903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3146FE7E314CA76BE9929215460B625F">Second records and redescriptions of two rare thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the southwestern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF0440D7B2DF22AAE3988C59571919DB">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="028591E458B06052E4BB2BD3C0051E9F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A4C4C7A2D22B3FB81362937C0933473F">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="19156E8469FA434D9D6AF74CFFE8A79E">5082</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038D87B5A131A629FF560BB2105DFF6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792791" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191682794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5792791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87B5A131A629FF560BB2105DFF6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87B5A131A629FF560BB2105DFF6D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
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<subSubSection id="C33E6528A131A626FF560BB21770F825" box="[151,564,1943,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A131A626FF560BB21770F825" blockId="6.[151,564,1943,2005]" box="[151,564,1943,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
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<heading id="D0D381CFA131A626FF560BB21770F825" bold="true" box="[151,564,1943,1969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A131A626FF560BB21770F825" authority="(Totton, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[151,564,1943,1969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="constricta">
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<emphasis id="B950EAB1A131A626FF560BB21770F825" bold="true" box="[151,564,1943,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
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<emphasis id="B950EAB1A131A626FF560BB2143AF825" bold="true" box="[151,382,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Gonaxia constricta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A131A626FE4C0BB21768F825" author="Totton, A. K." box="[397,556,1943,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref5359" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6528A131A626FF560B9E141EF841" box="[151,346,1979,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A131A626FF560B9E141EF841" blockId="6.[151,564,1943,2005]" box="[151,346,1979,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
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<figureCitation id="131F2A26A131A626FF560B9E15BFF841" box="[151,251,1979,2005]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1808,1832]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox-0="[251,1336,1232,1785]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId-0="figure-467@7.[251,1336,1232,1785]" captionTargetId-1="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). Preserved colony (many cladia were lost). Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792803" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5792803/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
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;
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||
<tableCitation id="C6A60318A131A626FEC60B9E141EF841" box="[263,346,1979,2005]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,296,320]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930), in µm. N.A. stands for not available. *No distinction was made between the stem and cladial internodes and, consequently, the data provided by the author are not interpretable and, therefore, not provided here." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5B662BA13EA629FF560D0D14B8FE1C" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" tableUuid="DF5B662BA13EA629FF560D0D14B8FE1C">Table 2</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6528A130A627FF560CB21172FF78" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A130A627FF560CB21484FF59" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB34118DA130A627FF560CB21484FF59" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8510B2A130A627FF560CB217C5FF3B" author="Totton, A. K." box="[151,641,151,175]" page="181" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" year="1930">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A130A627FF560CB217C5FF3B" authority="Totton, 1930: 181" authorityName="Totton" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,641,151,175]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Symplectoscyphidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="constrictus">
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<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FF560CB21481FF3A" box="[151,453,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Symplectoscyphus constrictus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FE0A0CB217C5FF3B" author="Totton, A. K." box="[459,641,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref5359" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930: 181</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, text-fig. 31, pl. 1 fig. 3.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8510B2A130A627FC4E0CB21107FF3B" author="Ralph, P. M." box="[911,1091,151,175]" page="800" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FC4E0CB21107FF3B" author="Ralph, P. M." box="[911,1091,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="749 - 838" refId="ref5282" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1961) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88 (4), 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961">Ralph, 1961: 800</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig.
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<specimenCount id="9D22FD2AA130A627FBB70CB211DBFF3B" box="[1142,1183,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="generic">14F.</specimenCount>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8510B2A130A627FB780CB210DDFF3B" author="Stepanjants, S. D." box="[1209,1433,151,175]" page="69" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FB780CB210DDFF3B" author="Stepanjants, S. D." box="[1209,1433,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref5320" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Gidroidy vod antarktiki i subantarktiki. In: Rezul'taty biologicheskikh issledovanii sovetskikh antarkticheskikh ekspeditsii, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 22 (30), 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979: 69</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 70.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510B2A130A627FEC10C9014F8FF59" author="Dawson, E. W." box="[256,444,181,205]" page="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FEC10C9014F8FF59" author="Dawson, E. W." box="[256,444,181,205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref4749" refString="Dawson, E. W. (1992) The coelenterate fauna of the New Zealand region: a handlist for curators, students and ecologists. Occasional papers of the Hutton Foundation, New Zealand, 1, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1992">Dawson, 1992: 20</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A130A627FF560CF11172FF78" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,236]" box="[151,1078,212,236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB34118DA130A627FF560CF11172FF78" box="[151,1078,212,236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
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<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FF560CF11435FF78" box="[151,369,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A130A627FF560CF11412FF78" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[151,342,212,236]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="constricta">Gonaxia constricta</taxonomicName>
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—
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8510B2A130A627FEB00CF1177AFF78" author="Vervoort, W." box="[369,574,212,236]" page="140" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FEB00CF1177AFF78" author="Vervoort, W." box="[369,574,212,236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref5403" refString="Vervoort, W. (1993) Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 158, pp. 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort, 1993: 140</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 16D, 17A.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8510B2A130A627FD320CF11176FF78" author="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E." box="[755,1074,212,236]" page="139" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FD320CF11176FF78" author="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E." box="[755,1074,212,236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref5474" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 139</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6528A130A627FF560D3F11C9FECC" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A130A627FF560D3F11C9FECC" blockId="7.[151,1437,282,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
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<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FF560D3F143DFEA0" bold="true" box="[151,377,282,308]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B4C3CFEA130A627FE460D3F11CCFECC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3420010301" collectingDate="2019-09-29" collectorName="Stn. CP" country="New Caledonia" elevation="1081" latitude="-23.633333" location="New Caledonia" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="167.885" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" specimenCount="1">
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MNHN-IK-2019-2090, KANADEEP 2,
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<collectorName id="26D15375A130A627FC8C0D3F16E0FEA1" box="[845,932,282,309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Stn. CP</collectorName>
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5095, off southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3337633A130A627FBB60D3E1063FEA0" box="[1143,1319,282,309]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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, Capucine Bassin,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE105064A130A627FF310D1B1416FECC" box="[240,338,318,344]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" precision="925" value="-23.633333">23°38’ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE105064A130A627FE9E0D1B14A2FECD" box="[351,486,318,345]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="53.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" precision="92" value="167.885">167°53.1’ E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FF9A1063A130A627FE330D1B17C5FECC" box="[498,641,318,344]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" value="2019-09-29">
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<collectingDate id="EFDEE98BA130A627FE330D1B17C5FECC" box="[498,641,318,344]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" value="2019-09-29">29 Sep 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 1087–
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<quantity id="4CDC9B46A130A627FD150D1B166DFECD" box="[724,809,318,345]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.081" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" unit="m" value="1081.0">
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<elevation id="0009D190A130A627FD150D1B166DFECD" box="[724,809,318,345]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.081" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" unit="m" value="1081.0">1081 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, a
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<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FC880D1A1627FECC" box="[841,867,319,344]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">ca</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity id="4CDC9B46A130A627FCB00D1B16ECFECD" box="[881,936,318,345]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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high, sterile colony
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6528A130A627FF060D471677FB2C" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FF060D471415FEE8" bold="true" box="[199,337,354,380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Description</emphasis>
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||
. Colony erect,
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||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FDC50D46175AFEE8" box="[516,542,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">ca</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity id="4CDC9B46A130A627FDEF0D47172CFEE9" box="[558,616,354,381]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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high, of flaccid appearance, unable to support itself when out of liquid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FF610DA315A3FE35" box="[160,231,390,417]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,1232,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-467@7.[251,1336,1232,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). Preserved colony (many cladia were lost). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792803/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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); basally, there are remains of a branched, rhizoid stolon apparently firmly attached to a hard substrate. Stem unbranched, weakly fascicled in its proximal
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC9B46A130A627FD210D8F1658FE51" box="[736,796,426,453]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, then monosiphonic towards the distal tip. Division into internodes almost indistinct, but equivalents of internodes long, slightly geniculate, bearing distally a hydrotheca. Although minor irregularities occur here and there, the stem is composed of successive modules comprising four alternating hydrothecae of which the proximal- and the distalmost ones become axillar through the insertion of two cladial apophyses given off on opposite sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FCCF0E1F1628FDC0" box="[782,876,570,596]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cladia borne on short lateral apophyses of the stem, given off from below the axillar hydrothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FD320E7B1609FDEC" box="[755,845,606,632]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); distally, an oblique node; cladia up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC9B46A130A627FAE10E7B101EFDED" box="[1312,1370,606,633]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, composed of up to 20 hydrothecate internodes; nodes almost indistinct, except for an inconspicuous notch on side where the hydrotheca becomes free from the corresponding internode, a situation also noted in the stem; first cladial internode comparatively longer than subsequent ones, and delimited by a distinct adaxial notch from its corresponding stem apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FE380ECB1736FC9D" box="[505,626,750,777]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); regular internodes moderately long, distinctly geniculate, each bearing a hydrotheca distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FE5A0F3714BDFCB8" box="[411,505,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrothecae similar on stem and cladia; tubular, with straight axes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FAF20F3710CAFCB8" box="[1331,1422,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
), except for the axillar hydrothecae of the stem that are distinctly curved upwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FB890F1311E6FCC4" box="[1096,1186,822,848]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); regular hydrothecae with longitudinal axes forming angles of 80–90° with the internodes above; hydrothecae adnate for about 1/4 their length to the corresponding internodes; ab- and adaxial walls straight; hydrothecal base not closed laterally, but composed of two intrathecal projections of the perisarc: one given off from the end of adnate adaxial wall, while the other projects some distance above into the hydrothecal lumen from the proximal end of abaxial wall; second ridge projects distinctly upwards in regular hydrothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FCF10FCF16CFFB90" box="[816,907,1002,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and downwards in their axillar counterparts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FF61082B15BEFBBC" box="[160,250,1038,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); hydrothecal aperture distal, set transversely; margin composed of three triangular cusps (one adaxial, two latero-abaxial) separated by broad, rounded embayments; aperture broadly triangular in frontal view, closed by three triangular flaps (two latero-adaxial, one abaxial) forming a low roof (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A130A627FBDE08731138FBE4" box="[1055,1148,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydranths preserved in some hydrothecae, but very contracted, provided with 14–16 filiform tentacles. Gonothecae absent. Perisarc straw colored, hydranths white in this ethanol-preserved material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B662BA130A627FF560B351192F8BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5792803" box="[151,1238,1808,1833]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792803/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" startId="7.[151,250,1808,1832]" targetBox="[251,1336,1232,1785]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A130A627FF560B351192F8BC" blockId="7.[151,1238,1808,1833]" box="[151,1238,1808,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FF560B351457F8BD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1808,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A130A627FED80B34173CF8BD" authority="(Totton, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[281,632,1809,1833]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="constricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FED80B341498F8BC" box="[281,476,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Gonaxia constricta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FE280B341734F8BD" author="Totton, A. K." box="[489,624,1809,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref5359" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Preserved colony (many cladia were lost). Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E6528A130A629FF060B511616FF25" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A130A628FF060B511473FE1D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1908,2043]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FF060B511470F81A" bold="true" box="[199,308,1908,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The branching pattern of the stem was inaccurately described in earlier accounts. On one hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FF560BBC1428F826" author="Totton, A. K." box="[151,364,1944,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref5359" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton (1930: 181)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A130A627FE2C0BBC17C4F826" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[493,640,1945,1971]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="constricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A130A627FE2C0BBC17C4F826" box="[493,640,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">G. constricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a “branched species […] with regularly alternate pinnae. Separating each alternating pair of pinnae is a pair of alternating hydrothecae, and in the axil of each pinna a hydrotheca”. On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A130A627FE810BC4176EF86E" author="Vervoort, W." box="[320,554,2016,2043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref5403" refString="Vervoort, W. (1993) Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 158, pp. 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort (1993: 140)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that “between two successive hydrocladia there are two free hydrothecae, in addition there is an axillary hydrotheca at base of each hydrocladium”. Nevertheless, the present material shows a combination of both accounts: although the nodes are indistinct, the stem is composed of successive modules of four alternating hydrothecae, of which the proximal- and distalmost ones become axillar upon the insertion of two cladial apophyses given off on opposite sides; with a few minor exceptions, the arrangement of cladia in conserved at each following module (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A26A13FA628FE010D02175DFED5" box="[448,537,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-141@8.[151,1436,453,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930). A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A similar branching pattern is only met with in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A13FA628FBF40D021008FED5" authority="Vervoort, 1993" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" box="[1077,1356,295,321]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="errans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A13FA628FBF40D0211DBFED4" box="[1077,1183,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">G. errans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A13FA628FB640D021008FED5" author="Vervoort, W." box="[1189,1356,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref5403" refString="Vervoort, W. (1993) Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 158, pp. 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A13FA628FA990D021441FEF1" author="Galea, H. R." pageId="8" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref4893" refString="Galea, H. R. (2016) Notes on some sertulariid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 218, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.218" type="journal article" year="2016">Galea (2016: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4E, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A13FA628FE460D6E1751FEF0" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" box="[391,533,331,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="errans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A13FA628FE460D6E14E6FEF1" box="[391,418,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">G.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A13FA628FE0D0D6E1751FEF0" box="[460,533,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">errans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2016: 15, fig. 4G, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A13FA628FCCD0D6E112DFEF2" authority="Galea, 2016" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2016" box="[780,1129,331,358]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plumularioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A13FA628FCCD0D6E169CFEF1" box="[780,984,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">G. plumularioides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A13FA628FC1F0D6E112DFEF2" author="Galea, H. R." box="[990,1129,331,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref4893" refString="Galea, H. R. (2016) Notes on some sertulariid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 218, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.218" type="journal article" year="2016">Galea, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A13FA628FBBD0D6E1587FE1D" author="Galea, H. R. & Maggioni, D." pageId="8" pageNumber="381" pagination="401 - 429" refId="ref5007" refString="Galea, H. R. & Maggioni, D. (2021) An integrative study of some species of Gonaxia Vervoort, 1993 from off New Caledonia, with the establishment of Gonaxiidae as a new family of thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 401 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Galea & Maggioni (2021: 411</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8A)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B662BA13FA628FF560B181741F855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792805" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5792805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5792805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" startId="8.[151,250,1853,1877]" targetBox="[153,1436,459,1822]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A13FA628FF560B181741F855" blockId="8.[151,1437,1853,1986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A13FA628FF560B181457F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1853,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A13FA628FED80B1B173CF8C2" authority="(Totton, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[281,632,1854,1878]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="constricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A13FA628FED80B1B1498F8C1" box="[281,476,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Gonaxia constricta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A13FA628FE280B1B1734F8C2" author="Totton, A. K." box="[489,624,1854,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref5359" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Portion of stem showing delimited structural module. B. Axillar hydrotheca of the stem. C. Cladial hydrotheca. D. Hydrothecal aperture in frontal view, showing opercular apparatus. E. Cross section through a cladial internode at the level of the hydrothecal base, showing (differently-colored) internal septa. Scale bars: D, E = 100 µm; B, C = 500 µm; A = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A13EA629FF060CB21616FF25" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,250]" box="[199,850,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">The gonothecae of this species still have to be discovered.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E6528A13EA629FF060C9F105DFF6D" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36A3A13EA629FF060C9F105DFF6D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A13EA629FF060C9F141DFF40" bold="true" box="[199,345,186,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Off Three Kings Island [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A13EA629FD470C9E1664FF41" author="Totton, A. K." box="[646,800,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref5359" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D20A13EA629FC8F0C9E11DBFF40" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1930" box="[846,1183,187,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Symplectoscyphidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="constrictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAB1A13EA629FC8F0C9E11DBFF40" box="[846,1183,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Symplectoscyphus constrictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)], off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3337633A13EA629FB2D0C9E10D9FF41" box="[1260,1437,187,213]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study). Occurs at depths between
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC9B46A13EA629FDB30CFB17BBFF6D" box="[626,767,222,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.18" metricValueMax="10.87" metricValueMin="5.49" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="818.0" valueMax="1087.0" valueMin="549.0">549–1087 m</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B52A13EA629FCCD0CFA16EEFF6D" author="Totton, A. K." box="[780,938,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref5359" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and present study, respectively].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |