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<document id="F6481A7279D6FB6240D2644BB1EFD730" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aea71c99-bcbc-432f-9d4c-383baf8af62a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248095" ID-ZooBank="160660EA-C17D-4393-B55D-2A4B59684920" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460684598970" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan &amp; Achterberg, Cornelis Van" docDate="2013" docId="036687DBFFC10D25FF803D73FC25FBD7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03717p468.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3717 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Apsilocera Boucek" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FF5FFFA3FFC00D27FF173F36FFDCFFC7" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Oriental species of Apsilocera Bouček (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), with description of twelve new species" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="449" updateTime="1698350964245" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="77E1A8C737C1C3DADC39AD0E68429376" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A1D4B261A20A49C0CD3AE2C2031999C7">
<mods:title id="CA22BC75AE70140B32742054FE6BB4B5">Revision of the Oriental species of Apsilocera Bouček (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), with description of twelve new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="87427F6B3C52F4EACFF01288EE33F25A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FDEFC9780B863524182F18D1C427E2B2">
<mods:roleTerm id="085143C8658A13E517749CD40C70A2A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D9124AE887B72EA0426ADB693FA6AE95">Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C414A18E564284BA649E144B15805B07" type="personal">
<mods:role id="85EEE2E44128B32C4E65D7CAF8F7FF27">
<mods:roleTerm id="BA633FEE8D69B45E6D2CF4325BD55016">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="316C41C4661CE8CC2C4756B3ACF128F4">Achterberg, Cornelis Van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="798F009C32466D5AD7BE0E05217CFF91">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="45A27DF4AD7CCC49BDB47F16573B91F0" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4B3596532AC3E63E764FC66D1286ED0D">
<mods:title id="D62C4D673A2C88DF8D603326005DC9A1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="955B0D82A31988D14416C29F72085FC8">
<mods:date id="1333D1B9463D5D39C48A86467CED3ECD">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E4B0181F03BB2B06EBE6E71CC6B26A79" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D835E7F032EAE69EC377CCDB8ACAFBAB">3717</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="55052D9892ACB2B9DBF9C8D713F5C620" type="issue">
<mods:number id="AB732CE5DA6DEB7A01D68705F96F119A">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C31C274940A9FE151C22A735CA599D56">448</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C20386E54640234DDBEF99A6ECC101E4">468</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="E52B4856FFA7909C32F0F5B576848CBE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="792E627FD8D5F3B72BFBB49C656D4326" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="36F3B4210CE7536901369201C5F08F0B" type="GBIF-Dataset">aea71c99-bcbc-432f-9d4c-383baf8af62a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FAC21563B77DBB801A65779D4B52226A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="51650290B482F68E4E83D316E64ED89F" type="Zenodo-Dep">248095</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C8EF89489CE76C9447AB4ACB1343A1F" type="ZooBank">160660EA-C17D-4393-B55D-2A4B59684920</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="036687DBFFC10D25FF803D73FC25FBD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6157912" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119577779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6157912" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:036687DBFFC10D25FF803D73FC25FBD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/036687DBFFC10D25FF803D73FC25FBD7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="450" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<subSubSection id="C3D56546FFC10D26FF803D73FB8CFD65" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FF803D73FEA7FD98" blockId="1.[151,379,581,607]" box="[151,379,581,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<heading id="D03881A1FFC10D26FF803D73FEA7FD98" bold="true" box="[151,379,581,607]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FF803D73FEA7FD98" ID-CoL="ZBB" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" box="[151,379,581,607]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FF803D73FEA7FD98" bold="true" box="[151,379,581,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FF803D73FEC4FD98" bold="true" box="[151,280,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Apsilocera</emphasis>
Bouček
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FF803DBAFB8CFD65" blockId="1.[151,1170,652,766]" box="[151,1104,652,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FF803DBAFE11FD65" authority="Boucek, 1956: 319" authorityName="Boucek" authorityPageNumber="319" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,461,652,674]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FF803DBAFED9FD66" box="[151,261,652,673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Apsilocera</emphasis>
Bouček, 1956: 319
</taxonomicName>
–321.
<typeStatus id="5474886FFFC10D26FD1D3DBBFDE0FD65" box="[522,572,653,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FD8E3DBAFC65FD65" authority="Boucek, 1956" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1956" box="[665,953,652,674]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FD8E3DBAFCF8FD66" box="[665,804,652,673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">A. verticillata</emphasis>
Bouček, 1956
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3D56546FFC10D26FF803D9DFB4EFD3A" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FF803D9DFB8CFD07" blockId="1.[151,1170,652,766]" box="[151,1104,682,704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FF803D9DFE72FD07" authority="Boucek, 1988: 425" authorityName="Boucek" authorityPageNumber="425" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,430,682,704]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Buloloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FF803D9DFF3BFD07" box="[151,231,683,704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Buloloa</emphasis>
Bouček, 1988: 425
</taxonomicName>
–426.
<typeStatus id="5474886FFFC10D26FEFB3D9DFDC2FD07" box="[492,542,683,704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FD6B3D9DFCB3FD07" authority="Boucek, 1988" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[636,879,682,704]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FD6B3D9DFD06FD07" box="[636,730,683,704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">B. bidens</emphasis>
Bouček, 1988
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy,
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FB1C3D9DFB96FD07" bold="true" box="[1035,1098,683,704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">syn. n</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FF803DFFFB8AFD19" blockId="1.[151,1170,652,766]" box="[151,1110,713,735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FF803DFFFE64FD18" authority="Boucek, 1988: 428" authorityName="Boucek" authorityPageNumber="428" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,440,713,735]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kratinka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FF803DFFFF2DFD19" box="[151,241,713,734]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Kratinka</emphasis>
Bouček, 1988: 428
</taxonomicName>
–429.
<typeStatus id="5474886FFFC10D26FEE13DFCFDF4FD18" box="[502,552,714,735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FD923DFCFCA9FD18" authority="Boucek, 1988" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[645,885,713,735]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kratinka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FD923DFCFD3CFD19" box="[645,736,713,735]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">K. brevis</emphasis>
Bouček, 1988
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy,
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FB063DFFFB8AFD19" bold="true" box="[1041,1110,713,734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">syn. n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FF803DDEFB4EFD3A" blockId="1.[151,1170,652,766]" box="[151,1170,744,766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FF803DDEFF2DFD3A" box="[151,241,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Bulolosa</emphasis>
Bouček, 1990: 87. Replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FDB43DDEFC5AFD39" authority="Boucek, 1988" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[675,902,744,766]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Buloloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FDB43DDEFD2FFD3A" box="[675,755,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Buloloa</emphasis>
Bouček, 1988
</taxonomicName>
(not Hardy, 1986),
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FB5A3DDEFB4EFD3A" bold="true" box="[1101,1170,744,765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">syn. n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3D56546FFC10D26FF803C1CFAA0F964" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FF803C1CFCCDFCA0" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FF803C1CFECDFC84" bold="true" box="[151,273,810,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body size generally under
<quantity id="4C379B28FFC10D26FD503C1DFD57FC85" box="[583,651,811,835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, body colour dark, mostly black. Reticulation on head and mesosoma shallow, hence body generally shiny (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD2B3C78FD73FCA0" box="[572,687,846,871]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStart-2="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." captionText-2="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 1–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FDAC3C79FCD9FCA0" box="[699,773,847,871]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStart-1="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStart-2="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetBox-2="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." captionText-2="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">19–32</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FFD03C44FD38FAFC" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
Head (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FE063C44FE4EFC4C" box="[273,402,882,907]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStart-1="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 19–30</figureCitation>
) more or less transverse in anterior view (rarely almost as high as wide), with (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA023C44FA44FC4C" box="[1301,1432,882,907]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 19–22</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FF803CA0FEECFC68" box="[151,304,918,943]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">25, 26, 28, 30</figureCitation>
) or without (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FED63CA0FD9DFC68" box="[449,577,918,943]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD5B3CA1FD4FFC68" box="[588,659,919,943]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">27, 29</figureCitation>
) ornamentation, i.e. teeth or crests; gena usually moderately (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA563CA0FF6AFC14" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 19, 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FFD23C8CFECDFC14" box="[197,273,954,979]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">25, 28</figureCitation>
) to strongly (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FEA33C8CFDCCFC14" box="[436,528,954,979]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD373C8DFD46FC14" box="[544,666,955,979]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">27, 29, 30</figureCitation>
) receding towards mouth; scrobes absent; occiput without carina, straight or slightly emarginate in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FDB23CE8FD26FC30" box="[677,762,990,1015]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
); clypeal margin either with small to medium protuberance that is emarginate (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FE663B34FE2AFBDC" box="[369,502,1026,1051]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 21, 22</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD143B35FDFCFBDC" box="[515,544,1027,1051]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">29</figureCitation>
) or not (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD923B34FD02FBDC" box="[645,734,1026,1051]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FDFC3B34FCBEFBDC" box="[747,866,1026,1051]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">25, 26, 28</figureCitation>
), or with one (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FB1C3B34FB82FBDC" box="[1035,1118,1026,1051]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
) or two teeth (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA1E3B34FABDFBDC" box="[1289,1377,1026,1051]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA783B35FA53FBDC" box="[1391,1423,1027,1051]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">30</figureCitation>
); temple from short (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FE663B10FE1FFBF8" box="[369,451,1062,1087]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
) to virtually absent in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FC413B10FC76FBF8" box="[854,938,1062,1087]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
); antennae in both sexes 11263 (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA0D3B10FA52FBF8" box="[1306,1422,1062,1087]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStart-2="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." captionText-2="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 1–15</figureCitation>
), inserted anywhere from centre of face (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD403B7CFD05FBA4" box="[599,729,1098,1123]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 27, 29</figureCitation>
) to almost on vertex (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FCC23B7CFB85FBA4" box="[981,1113,1098,1123]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 25, 30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FB713B7DFB59FBA4" box="[1126,1157,1099,1123]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">32</figureCitation>
), but usually well above center of face, thus scape distinctly exceeding vertex (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FC113B58FC57FB40" box="[774,907,1134,1159]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStart-1="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 19–30</figureCitation>
); both anelli transverse; funicular segments in female longer than broad or rarely quadrate, with one or two rows of sensilla; clava symmetric, not conspicuously wider than funicular segments (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FEEF3B80FD7FFB08" box="[504,675,1206,1231]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 19, 21, 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FDB83B81FD26FB08" box="[687,762,1207,1231]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">27–29</figureCitation>
); funicular segments in male more elongate than in females, each with one or two verticils of long setae (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FDBD3BECFCECFB34" box="[682,816,1242,1267]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 13–18</figureCitation>
); mandible formula 3:4 or 4:4, mandibles sometimes enlarged (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FE103BC8FE83FAD0" box="[263,351,1278,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FE7A3BC8FE38FAD0" box="[365,484,1278,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">25, 26, 29</figureCitation>
); distal tooth sharp (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FDDA3BC8FCFAFAD0" box="[717,806,1278,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FC243BC9FCA1FAD0" box="[819,893,1279,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">27, 29</figureCitation>
), rounded (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FB173BC8FB58FAD0" box="[1024,1156,1278,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 19, 22</figureCitation>
), or distinctly blunt, and then its margin slightly emarginate (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD3C3A14FD5EFAFC" box="[555,642,1314,1339]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD993A14FD04FAFC" box="[654,728,1314,1339]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">25, 26</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FFD03A71FC44F99D" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
Mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FE473A70FE1FFA98" box="[336,451,1350,1375]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStart-2="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." captionText-2="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 1–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FEC73A71FE31FA98" box="[464,493,1351,1375]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">34</figureCitation>
) usually short, moderately arched (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FC6C3A70FC22FA98" box="[891,1022,1350,1375]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 1–3, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FB1D3A71FBC5FA98" box="[1034,1049,1351,1375]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">7</figureCitation>
) to more or less flattened dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FF883A5CFF36FA44" box="[159,234,1386,1411]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FFEE3A5DFEC4FA44" box="[249,280,1387,1411]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">12</figureCitation>
); pronotum short and narrower than mesoscutum, dorsally reduced but carinate; notauli incomplete; frenal line absent, but frenal area indicated by finer reticulation; propodeum slightly to moderately sloping, with very shallow reticulation or smooth; nucha absent or short; median carina present; plicae usually well defined (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA783A84FF6BFA28" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
); upper half of mesepimeron smooth (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD7E3AE0FD01FA28" box="[617,733,1494,1519]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 1–11</figureCitation>
); fore wing with basal cell bare and basal vein usually pilose, occasionally almost bare or with additional hairs next to it; veins not thickened; disc hyaline (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FBCA3ACCFA99F9D4" box="[1245,1349,1530,1555]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA433ACCFA52F9D4" box="[1364,1422,1530,1555]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." captionText-1="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">8–15</figureCitation>
), rarely with a broad infumation below marginal vein (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FDFD3928FCEFF9F1" box="[746,819,1566,1591]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FC283929FC82F9F0" box="[831,862,1567,1591]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">33</figureCitation>
); fore coxae always dark, at least dorsally, mid and hind coxae usually mostly pale (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FD163974FDAFF99C" box="[513,627,1602,1627]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 1–11</figureCitation>
); hind tibia with one spur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FFD03951FAA0F964" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
Metasoma short ovate to acuminate, subsessile; exerted part of ovipositor sheaths usually very short (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA513950FF6AF964" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1396,193,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[171,1399,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248097/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Figs 1– 12</figureCitation>
); tergites not enlarged except sometimes the first; first tergite usually with small depression at base (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC10D26FA0C39BCFAB3F964" box="[1307,1391,1674,1699]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3D56546FFC10D26FFD03998FD59F92C" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D26FFD03998FD59F92C" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FFD03998FEBCF900" bold="true" box="[199,352,1710,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Distribution.</emphasis>
Palaearctic (2 described species), Nearctic (1 described species), Oriental (1 described species, 12 new), Australasian (3 described species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3D56546FFC10D25FFD039C0FC25FBD7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="450" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC10D25FFD039C0FEA0FEDB" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2023]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,1040]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="450" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FFD039C0FE93F8C8" bold="true" box="[199,335,1782,1807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Comments.</emphasis>
The monotypic genus
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FD4B39C0FD1CF8C9" box="[604,704,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Bulolosa</emphasis>
Bouček, 1990, is synonymized here under
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FBAB39C0FF0EF8F4" authority="Boucek, 1956" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FBAB39C0FAE9F8C9" box="[1212,1333,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Apsilocera</emphasis>
Bouček, 1956
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FFCA382CFEF7F8F4" bold="true" box="[221,299,1818,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">syn. n.</emphasis>
The former genus was created for the distinctive species
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FCB8382DFB13F8F4" authority="Boucek, 1988" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[943,1231,1818,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FCB8382DFBC4F8F4" box="[943,1048,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">A. bidens</emphasis>
(Bouček, 1988)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FBCB382CFA9EF8F4" bold="true" box="[1244,1346,1818,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28857A4FFC10D26FBCB382CFA9EF8F4" box="[1244,1346,1818,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, known only from females from
<collectingCountry id="F3D8765DFFC10D26FEB03809FD5EF890" box="[423,642,1854,1879]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Females have a conspicuous projection near each eye in the upper part of the head (Bouček 1988, fig. 745). However, almost all other characters, such as the antennae, shape of the mesosoma and metasoma, wings, etc., are shared with species of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FC6C38B0FC28F859" box="[891,1012,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FC6C38B0FC28F859" box="[891,1012,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only additional character which could separate
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FE51389DFE76F804" box="[326,426,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Bulolosa</emphasis>
from
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FEE2389DFDB2F804" box="[501,622,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FEE2389DFDB2F804" box="[501,622,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is head shape in anterior view—slightly transverse in the former and distinctly transverse in the latter, at least in the previously known species. However,
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC10D26FB5838F9FB33F821" box="[1103,1263,1998,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FB5838F9FB33F821" box="[1103,1263,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">A. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28857A4FFC10D26FBE138F8FAEAF820" box="[1270,1334,1998,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC10D26FBE138F8FAEAF820" bold="true" box="[1270,1334,1998,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="449">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has both ornamentations on the vertex and a very transverse head (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FC263FA1FC57FF77" box="[817,907,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Figs 30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FC8E3FAEFC65FF77" box="[921,953,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">32</figureCitation>
). Moreover, the male of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FBCF3FAEFA8DFF77" box="[1240,1361,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FBCF3FAEFA8DFF77" box="[1240,1361,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">A. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28857A4FFC20D25FA4D3FA1FA40FF77" box="[1370,1436,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FA4D3FA1FA40FF77" bold="true" box="[1370,1436,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FF883F8AFF29FF13" box="[159,245,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), whose female (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FEA93F8AFDD6FF13" box="[446,522,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FD0E3F8AFDEBFF13" box="[537,567,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FD503F8AFDB8FF13" box="[583,612,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,193,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[172,1416,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248101/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">31</figureCitation>
) is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FC893F8AFBD5FF13" box="[926,1033,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FC893F8AFBD5FF13" box="[926,1033,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">A. bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has the characteristic antennae of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FF803FD6FECCFF3F" box="[151,272,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FF803FD6FECCFF3F" box="[151,272,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. the flagellar segments bearing long setae (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FC293FE9FC4AFF3F" box="[830,918,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Thus, no distinctive characters support the validity of
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FE053E32FEAAFEDB" box="[274,374,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Bulolosa</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC20D25FFD03E11FCE5FD6F" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
The monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FED63E1EFD17FE87" authority="Boucek, 1988" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[449,715,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kratinka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FED63E1EFDF9FE87" box="[449,549,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Kratinka</emphasis>
Bouček, 1988
</taxonomicName>
, is also synonymized here under
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FB573E1EFB65FE87" box="[1088,1209,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FB573E1EFB65FE87" box="[1088,1209,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28857A4FFC20D25FBDF3E11FACAFE87" box="[1224,1302,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FBDF3E11FACAFE87" bold="true" box="[1224,1302,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">syn. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
The former genus was also created for a distinctive species,
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FDF43E7AFBD7FEA3" authority="Boucek, 1988" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" box="[739,1035,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kratinka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FDF43E7AFC96FEA3" box="[739,842,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">A. brevis</emphasis>
(Bouček, 1988)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FB0C3E7AFB5AFEA2" bold="true" box="[1051,1158,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28857A4FFC20D25FB0C3E7AFB5AFEA2" box="[1051,1158,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, also known only from females, from
<collectingCountry id="F3D8765DFFC20D25FE2C3E46FDC6FE4F" box="[315,538,367,392]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Females have a conspicuous elevation on the vertex and the distal tooth of the large mandible is blunt and slightly emarginate (Bouček 1988, figs 756–759). However, as above, all other characters are shared with species of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FD563E8EFD66FE17" box="[577,698,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FD563E8EFD66FE17" box="[577,698,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The antennae are inserted only slightly above the middle of the face in
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FFFE3EEAFE96FE33" box="[233,330,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kratinka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FFFE3EEAFE96FE33" box="[233,330,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">A. brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in the few Oriental species described here, which are in many respects similar to
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FA1D3EEAFAB7FE33" box="[1290,1387,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kratinka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FA1D3EEAFAB7FE33" box="[1290,1387,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">A. brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the antennae are inserted very high, in one case almost on the vertex (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FC693EC9FC0AFDDF" box="[894,982,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Figs 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FCF53EC9FB8BFDDF" box="[994,1111,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">25, 26, 28</figureCitation>
). Moreover, the discovery of some species with both conspicuous elevations on the vertex and “normal” mandibles (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FB8D3D12FB29FDFB" box="[1178,1269,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Figs 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FA113D12FAFFFDFB" box="[1286,1315,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[181,1405,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">28</figureCitation>
) blurs the separation between the two described genera. Finally, the male of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FC6D3D7EFBD8FDA7" box="[890,1028,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicristata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FC6D3D7EFBD8FDA7" box="[890,1028,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">A. bicristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28857A4FFC20D25FB1C3D71FB97FDA7" box="[1035,1099,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FB1C3D71FB97FDA7" bold="true" box="[1035,1099,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FB4E3D71FB77FDA7" box="[1113,1195,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), whose female (
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FA7D3D71FF7BFD43" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,195,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,1411,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FFA43D5AFF0CFD43" box="[179,208,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1980,2003]" captionTargetBox="[168,1394,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[168,1396,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248099/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">20</figureCitation>
) is similar in many respects to the female of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FDD03D5AFCF5FD43" box="[711,809,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kratinka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FDD03D5AFCF5FD43" box="[711,809,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">A. brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also has the characteristic antennae of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FBF13D5AFA83FD43" box="[1254,1375,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FBF13D5AFA83FD43" box="[1254,1375,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13F42A48FFC20D25FA793D5AFF69FD6F" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1385,1408]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[154,1439,181,1372]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Apsilocera spp., male, paratype, lateral view (13 – 15) and antennae (16 – 18). 13 A. bicristata; 14 A. cornuta; 15 A. maculata; 16 A. bicristata; 17 A. cornuta; 18 A. maculata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), which further supports the proposed generic synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC20D25FFD03D83FB39FC63" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
In conclusion,
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FE7A3D82FE0DFD0B" box="[365,465,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Bulolosa</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FD1F3D82FDB0FD0B" box="[520,620,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kratinka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FD1F3D82FDB0FD0B" box="[520,620,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Kratinka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem to be derived
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FC593D82FC1BFD0B" box="[846,967,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FC593D82FC1BFD0B" box="[846,967,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with modified heads and mandibles, and therefore retaining these genera as valid would render
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FC163DEEFCA6FD37" box="[769,890,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FC163DEEFCA6FD37" box="[769,890,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paraphyletic. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FB753DEEFB07FD37" box="[1122,1243,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FB753DEEFB07FD37" box="[1122,1243,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be an unexpectedly diverse genus, with many species displaying curious head features, but otherwise being rather uniform regarding other characters. This is not uncommon in
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FC533C29FC00FCFF" box="[836,988,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
. For example, most species of
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FA263C16FF3BFC9A" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Psilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FA263C16FA40FCFF" box="[1329,1436,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Psilocera</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
have an unmodified scutellum, but several species from the Oriental region have a moderate to very large scutellar spine (Sureshan 2001).
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FD1E3C5EFCD4FC47" authority="LaSalle" authorityName="LaSalle" box="[521,776,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FD1E3C5EFD76FC47" box="[521,682,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Zebe cornutus</emphasis>
LaSalle
</taxonomicName>
has a long mesoscutal horn projecting way over the head, but in two other species this feature is only slightly indicated or completely absent (Mitroiu 2011).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7036CDFFC20D25FFD03C86FC25FBD7" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">
In
<taxonomicName id="4CCF4D4EFFC20D25FFF83C86FEB4FC0F" box="[239,360,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Apsilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9BBEADFFFC20D25FFF83C86FEB4FC0F" box="[239,360,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="450">Apsilocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sexual dimorphism is restricted to the shape of antennae and metasoma. The various ornamentations on the vertex and the mandibles show no variation between the sexes, at least concerning the few species where males are known. The function of these structures is unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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