treatments-xml/data/03/C2/40/03C24061FFD1D26BFF0F2440FC39FD8D.xml
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<document id="FC4604311873DEEB66BCE76A2850B1D1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5418.5.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10779739" ID-ZooBank="0DDD7278-0E9C-4979-ACB9-1915D4209282" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1709587587161" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zheng, Xinyi, Watson, Gillian W., Zhang, Jiangtao, Tan, Zhixiang &amp; Wu, SanAn" docDate="2024" docId="03C24061FFD1D26BFF0F2440FC39FD8D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5418.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5418 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5418.5.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Neogreenia MacGillivray 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="407" masterDocId="FFFB3819FFD2D26DFF982175FFF9FFEC" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Neogreenia MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Qinococcidae) with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="404" updateTime="1709734631056" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="259381E02BCB3E3839BA4E8A262E2F49">A review of the genus Neogreenia MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Qinococcidae) with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="493159FAE0D80B00850AA5BF2C0C906D">Zheng, Xinyi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="152AFCA3ED912A1CD8A51CE7CABBEEBE">The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1B1AC7719907D7C066DC8F585E5E4AEF">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B53B5411601E8BA6AB449BAE3069891B">Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7262F63105AAFFD5CA025E850A7577B0">Zhang, Jiangtao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DC2D9058F08BFD0222BCF9DE1D4B22BE">Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D24A60DE2E86D4C02D6DB68B1B6AFBA3">Tan, Zhixiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="46DF3598553553899F7590F3460AB663">Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University; Guiyang, 550025, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="71833651B390B9DD84AC0B3BA1C88E47">Wu, SanAn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB1803492B7B319E333C1B7299D9422D">The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A6842C9E07FFE12D2647810744F3E9E3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A4B2F816E9784D889355A199B7F05F91">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="D09C461BFFD1D26EFF0F2440FD8BFAA3" bold="true" box="[151,626,1333,1359]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF0F2440FD8BFAA3" bold="true" box="[151,626,1333,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD1D26EFF762440FD8BFAA3" ID-CoL="5ZK8" authority="MacGillivray, 1921" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1921" box="[238,626,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF762440FE83FAA3" bold="true" box="[238,378,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Neogreenia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD1D26EFE1A2440FD8BFAA3" author="MacGillivray, A. D." box="[386,626,1333,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refId="ref28243" refString="MacGillivray, A. D. (1921) The Coccidae. Tables for the Identification of the Subfamilies and Some of the More Important Genera and Species, together with Discussions. Scarab Company, Urbana, Illinois, 502 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8556" type="book" year="1921">MacGillivray, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACAD766FFD1D26EFF0F240FFDFEFA7E" author="MacGillivray, A. D." box="[151,519,1402,1426]" page="78" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1921">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD1D26EFF0F240FFDFEFA7E" authority="MacGillivray 1921: 78" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,519,1402,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Paragreenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF0F240FFEEFFA7D" box="[151,278,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Paragreenia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD1D26EFE85240FFDFEFA7E" author="MacGillivray, A. D." box="[285,519,1402,1426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refId="ref28243" refString="MacGillivray, A. D. (1921) The Coccidae. Tables for the Identification of the Subfamilies and Some of the More Important Genera and Species, together with Discussions. Scarab Company, Urbana, Illinois, 502 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8556" type="book" year="1921">MacGillivray 1921: 78</bibRefCitation>
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,
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junior homonym (used in Arachnida, 1907).
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACAD766FFD1D26EFF0F24ECFDF1FA5D" author="MacGillivray, A. D." box="[151,520,1432,1457]" page="474" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1921">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD1D26EFF0F24ECFDF1FA5D" ID-CoL="5ZK8" authority="MacGillivray 1921: 474" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityPageNumber="474" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,520,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF0F24ECFEF5FA5C" box="[151,268,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Neogreenia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD1D26EFE8B24EDFDF1FA5D" author="MacGillivray, A. D." box="[275,520,1432,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refId="ref28243" refString="MacGillivray, A. D. (1921) The Coccidae. Tables for the Identification of the Subfamilies and Some of the More Important Genera and Species, together with Discussions. Scarab Company, Urbana, Illinois, 502 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8556" type="book" year="1921">MacGillivray 1921: 474</bibRefCitation>
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(replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD1D26EFD6224ECFC80FA5C" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1921" box="[762,889,1433,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Paragreenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFD6224ECFC80FA5C" box="[762,889,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Paragreenia</emphasis>
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD1D26EFF0F24C9FDA0FA38" blockId="3.[151,976,1402,1523]" box="[151,601,1468,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7BD659FFD1D26EFF0F24C9FDA0FA38" box="[151,601,1468,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACAD766FFD1D26EFF0F24C9FE40FA39" author="Tang, F. D." box="[151,441,1468,1493]" page="123" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1984">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD1D26EFF0F24C9FE40FA39" authority="Tang, 1984: 123" authorityName="Tang" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,441,1468,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwaniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF0F24C9FEF5FA38" box="[151,268,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Kuwaniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD1D26EFE8A24C8FE40FA39" author="Tang, F. D." box="[274,441,1469,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="122 - 133" refId="ref28335" refString="Tang, F. D. (1984) Observation on the scale insects injurious to forestry of North China. Shanxi Agricultural University Press Research Publication, 2, 122 - 133." type="journal article" year="1984">Tang, 1984: 123</bibRefCitation>
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,
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFE5C24C8FDAAFA38" box="[452,595,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF0F24AEFEE7FA1F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1499,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<typeStatus id="54D04FD5FFD1D26EFF0F24AEFF35FA1F" box="[151,204,1499,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD1D26EFEB224AEFD52FA1F" ID-CoL="448NP" authority="Green, 1896" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1896" box="[298,683,1499,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Monophlebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zeylanicus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFEB224AEFDDCFA1F" box="[298,549,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Monophlebus zeylanicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD1D26EFDB324AEFD52FA1F" author="Green, E. E." box="[555,683,1499,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="2 - 10" refId="ref27929" refString="Green, E. E. (1896) Catalogue of Coccidae collected in Ceylon. Indian Museum Notes, 4, 2 - 10." type="journal article" year="1896">Green, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C371A2FCFFD1D269FF0F2754FCC5F8C5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="description">
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<heading id="D09C461BFFD1D26EFF0F2754FE89F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,368,1569,1595]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF0F2754FE89F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,368,1569,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Genus description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD1D26EFF5F2730FB4EF86C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1569,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF5F2730FE92F9B3" bold="true" box="[199,363,1605,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Adult female.</emphasis>
In life, body elongate,
<quantity id="4C935C92FFD1D26EFDE22730FCFAF98C" box="[634,771,1605,1632]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6499999999999995" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" unit="mm" value="5.6499999999999995" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="3.1">3.18.2 mm</quantity>
long, yellow to orange, bare or scantily covered in mealy white wax; derm membranous. In microscope slide mount, antennae each 10 segmented, located on apex of head, apical segment with a truncated apex. Mouthparts present. Legs developed, each with trochanter bearing 3 or 4 sensory pores on each surface; tibia with tuft of long digitules at distal end; tarsus 1 segmented; claw with 2 or 3 small denticles and a pair of pointed digitules, shorter than claw. Thoracic spiracles each with sclerotized bar and sieve-like disc-pores within atrium. Abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs: anterior 6 pairs each with pores within atrium, posteriormost 2 pairs tube-like. Anal opening simple. Vulva situated on venter of abdominal segment VIII, the opening longitudinal and slit-like, surrounded by wrinkles and 3 apodemes arranged in a triangle. Compound multilocular disc-pores, bilocular compound multilocular disc-pores and simple pores present.
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<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD1D269FF5F26FCFD98FDF5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1569,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD1D26EFF5F26FCFEAEF84F" bold="true" box="[199,343,1929,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Adult male.</emphasis>
In life, body elongate,
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long, wing-span about 4.0 mm; with a dorsal tuft of long waxy filaments on posterior part of body; membranous parts of body yellowish to reddish, sclerotized parts brown, compound eyes black. In microscope slide mount, antennae each 10 segmented and slender; flagellar segments each with many long, hair-like setae. Venter of head with a subpentagonal sclerotization; midcranial ridge lacking; postoccipital suture developed and interrupted. Pronotal ridge sclerotized and uninterrupted; post-tergite with an inverted “π”-like sclerite. Scutellum triangular with a central conical projection on posterior margin. Fore wings each without microtrichia and alar setae, but with sclerotized costal thickening, and pterostigma near wing apex; a line of circular sensoria present on radius; alar lobe fold sclerotized along proximal posterior margin; cubitus anterior sclerotized; cubitus posterior, radial sector and anal fold membranous and clear; media clear and branching at middle. Hind wings each with apex bilobate and several curved hamuli at tip. Legs each with many long and hair-like setae; trochanter with 3 sensory pores on each surface; tarsus 2 segmented; claw with 2 denticles. Caudal extensions absent from abdomen; abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="ED7A69B2FFD6D269FC9D20C2FCDAFE3D" box="[773,803,439,465]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">VI</collectionCode>
and VII each with a group of large dorsal tubular ducts. Penial sheath sclerotized, aedeagus emerging from a ventral slit in penial sheath; eversible endophallus absent. Loculate pores and simple pores present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD6D269FF5F2357FAFBFCD5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD6D269FF5F2357FE4BFDD1" bold="true" box="[199,434,546,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">First-instar nymph.</emphasis>
In life, body elongate,
<quantity id="4C935C92FFD6D269FD212356FCB9FDD1" box="[697,832,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">0.40.7 mm</quantity>
long, body yellow, eyes black; derm membranous. In microscope slide mount, antennae each 7 segmented, with segments
<collectionCode id="ED7A69B2FFD6D269FC3E2332FC3DFD8D" box="[934,964,583,609]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">VI</collectionCode>
and VII expanded. Labium 2 segmented; stylets very long. A pair of sclerotized bars present, each originating from outer basal corner of front coxa and extending almost to antennal base. Legs each with trochanter with 3 sensory pores on each surface; claw with a plantar denticle near extremity, and a pair of capitate claw digitules longer than claw. Thoracic spiracles each with sclerotized bar and 1 sieve-like disc-pore in atrium. One pair of abdominal spiracles present, without pores in atrium. Anal opening simple. Abdominal segments VII and VIII each with 1 circular cicatrix. Bilocular or trilocular pores, and simple and compound multilocular disc-pores present. A pair of long caudal setae present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD6D269FF5F2237FC12FBD9" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD6D269FF5F2237FE3CFCB1" bold="true" box="[199,453,834,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Second-instar nymph</emphasis>
(cyst). In life, body oval,
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long, yellowish; derm membranous. In microscope slide mount, antennae each reduced to small oval plate with several setae. Labium 2 segmented, stylets present. Thoracic spiracles each with a sclerotized bar and several sieve-like disc-pores in atrium. Abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs: anterior 5 pairs each sclerotized and with sieve-like disc-pores within each atrium; posteriormost 3 pairs tube-like, without pores. Anal opening simple. Dorsum of abdomen with large simple pores situated submarginally on parts of some segments; compound multilocular disc-pores present marginally but often absent from posterior segments. Hair-like setae present. Eyes and cicatrices absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD6D269FF5F254BFE70FB05" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD6D269FF5F254BFDF5FBB5" bold="true" box="[199,524,1086,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Third-instar female nymph</emphasis>
(cyst). In life, similar to the second-instar nymph, but larger,
<quantity id="4C935C92FFD6D269FB21254AFAC6FBB5" box="[1209,1343,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="1.1">1.13.8 mm</quantity>
long. In microscope slide mount, abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs, with anterior 6 pairs sclerotized and with sieve-like disc-pores in atria; posteriormost 2 pairs tube-like, without pores within atria. Large simple pore clusters present submarginally on dorsum of each segment; compound multilocular disc-pores significantly more numerous than in second-instar nymph.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD6D269FF5F2587FC46F9E5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD6D269FF5F2587FE0FFAE1" bold="true" box="[199,502,1266,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Third-instar male nymph</emphasis>
(pre-pupa). In life, body very elongate, 2.94.0 mm long, orange; legs and antennae yellowish, eyes black; wing buds absent; derm membranous. In microscope slide mount, antennae each 9 segmented, situated on apex of head. Mouthparts absent. Legs developed, each with trochanter with 3 sensory pores on each surface; tibia with tuft of long hair-like digitules on distal end; claw with 2 denticles. Thoracic spiracles each with a sclerotized bar and sieve-like disc-pores in atrium. Abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs: spiracles on abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="ED7A69B2FFD6D269FE9024D2FEDFFA2D" box="[264,294,1447,1473]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">VI</collectionCode>
and VII or posteriormost 3 pairs with sieve-like disc-pores in atria, others tube-like, without pores. Anal opening simple. Large simple pores present dorsally on submargin. Compound multilocular disc-pores each with 4 or 5 subcentral loculi, present on both surfaces of every segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD6D269FF5F2766FCC5F8C5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD6D269FF5F2766FEB7F9C1" bold="true" box="[199,334,1555,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Male pupa.</emphasis>
In life, body elongate,
<quantity id="4C935C92FFD6D269FDC82766FD2EF9C1" box="[592,727,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="2.0999999999999996" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.9">1.92.3 mm</quantity>
long, with wing buds present; body yellow to orange, abdomen darker, wing buds, antennae and legs yellowish and nearly transparent; derm membranous. In microscope slide mount, antennae each 10 segmented, scape and pedicel with a few hair-like setae, flagellum without setae. Eyes slightly convex. Mouthparts absent. Legs present, each with trochanter with 3 sensory pores on each surface, and claw absent. Spiracles each without pores in atrium; thoracic spiracles each with sclerotized bar.Abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs, each sclerotized and tube-like. With a pair of large wing buds on mesothorax, and a pair of small, rounded wing buds on metathorax. Rudiment of penial sheath present on the end of abdomen. A few compound multilocular disc-pores with 3 or 4 subcentral loculi present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371A2FCFFD6D26BFF5F2646FC36FEF1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD6D268FF5F2646FABEFF15" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD6D269FF5F2646FEC2F8A1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1843,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Remarks.</emphasis>
After examination of the available specimens, we found that tube-like abdominal spiracles were present in adult females and cysts in all the species examined, which was also noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FBF22622FA94F89D" author="Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A." box="[1130,1389,1879,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref27876" refString="Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A. (2018) Ontogenesis, morphology and higher classification of archaeococcids (Homoptera: Coccinea: Orthezioidea). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2018 (2), 1 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2018. supl. 2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Gavrilov-Zimin (2018)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FF0F260EFE73F879" author="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A." box="[151,394,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref28856" refString="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A. (2023 b) Morphology of all the developmental stages of Neogreenia osmanthus (Yang &amp; Hu) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), and transfer of the genera Neogreenia MacGillivray and Jansenus Foldi to the family Qinococcidae. Zootaxa, 5244 (2), 101 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5244.2.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Zheng &amp; Wu (2023b)</bibRefCitation>
, but had been ignored in earlier works (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FCDA260EFC33F879" author="Green, E. E." box="[834,970,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refId="ref27955" refString="Green, E. E. (1922) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Part V. Dulau &amp; Co., London, 472 pp." type="book" year="1922">Green 1922</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FC4C260EFB6CF879" author="Yang, J. K. &amp; Hu, X. P." box="[980,1173,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="29 - 31" refId="ref28753" refString="Yang, J. K. &amp; Hu, X. P. (1994) A new species of Kuwania on Chinese Osmanthus from Guangxi (Homoptera: Margarodidae). Guangxi Sciences, 1 (2), 29 - 31." type="journal article" year="1994">Yang &amp; Hu 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FB07260EFA93F879" author="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J." box="[1183,1386,1914,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refId="ref28369" refString="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J. (1995) The Margarodidae and others of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea of Insecta). Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp." type="book" year="1995">Tang &amp; Hao 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FAED260EFEBBF855" author="Wu, S. A. &amp; Cheng, G. F." pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="62 - 64" refId="ref28510" refString="Wu, S. A. &amp; Cheng, G. F. (2006) A description of a new species of genus Neogreenia MacGillivray from China (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 42, 62 - 64." type="journal article" year="2006">Wu &amp; Cheng 2006</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FEE526EAFDC7F855" author="Wu, S. A. &amp; Nan, N." box="[381,574,1951,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref28556" refString="Wu, S. A. &amp; Nan, N. (2012) Neogreenia lonicera sp. nov., a new species of Margarodidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from China, with a key to species of Neogreenia MacGillivray and placement of the genus in the family Kuwaniidae. Zootaxa, 3274 (1), 43 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3274.1.5" type="journal article" year="2012">Wu &amp; Nan 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In the past, only one developmental cyst stage was reported (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FA9C26EAFF2AF831" author="Wu, S. A. &amp; Cheng, G. F." pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="62 - 64" refId="ref28510" refString="Wu, S. A. &amp; Cheng, G. F. (2006) A description of a new species of genus Neogreenia MacGillivray from China (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 42, 62 - 64." type="journal article" year="2006">Wu &amp; Cheng 2006</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD6D269FE9726B6FE29F831" author="Wu, S. A. &amp; Nan, N." box="[271,464,1987,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref28556" refString="Wu, S. A. &amp; Nan, N. (2012) Neogreenia lonicera sp. nov., a new species of Margarodidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from China, with a key to species of Neogreenia MacGillivray and placement of the genus in the family Kuwaniidae. Zootaxa, 3274 (1), 43 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3274.1.5" type="journal article" year="2012">Wu &amp; Nan 2012</bibRefCitation>
); however, two developmental cyst stages before the adult female were discovered by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD7D268FF0F21E2FE76FF5D" author="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A." box="[151,399,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref28856" refString="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A. (2023 b) Morphology of all the developmental stages of Neogreenia osmanthus (Yang &amp; Hu) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), and transfer of the genera Neogreenia MacGillivray and Jansenus Foldi to the family Qinococcidae. Zootaxa, 5244 (2), 101 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5244.2.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Zheng &amp; Wu (2023b)</bibRefCitation>
. In the present work, it was found that the second-instar nymph differs from the third-instar female nymph by having the anterior 5 abdominal spiracles with sieve-like disc-pores in atrium, whereas in the third-instar female nymph, the anterior 6 abdominal spiracles each have sieve-like disc-pores in the atrium.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD7D268FF0F2669FD6CF8DF" blockId="5.[151,661,1820,1844]" box="[151,661,1820,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD7D268FF0F2669FEEAF8D8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1820,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Generalized life cycle of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD7D268FD812668FD77F8D8" box="[537,654,1821,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD7D268FD812668FD77F8D8" box="[537,654,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Neogreenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD7D268FF5F2617FC3DF804" blockId="5.[151,1436,1890,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
The adult females of genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD7D268FDB82616FD5BF890" box="[544,674,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD7D268FDB82616FD5BF890" box="[544,674,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Neogreenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from the other 3 genera in family
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD7D268FF0F26F3FEC8F84C" authorityName="Wu. Including" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,305,1926,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Qinococcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Qinococcidae</taxonomicName>
by having a combination of the following features: antennae developed and 10 segmented; legs developed; abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs: anterior 6 pairs each with sieve-like disc-pores within atrium, and posteriormost 2 pairs tube-like, without pores (Wu &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD7D268FCB826BBFC41F804" author="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A." box="[800,952,1998,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="355 - 368" refId="ref28797" refString="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A. (2023 a) A new genus and species of the scale insect family Qinococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) from China. Zootaxa, 5264 (3), 355 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5264.3.4" type="journal article" year="2023">Zheng 2023a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD4D26BFF5F21E2FC36FEF1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
Of the seven species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFE4D21E2FDAEFF5C" box="[469,599,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFE4D21E2FDAEFF5C" box="[469,599,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Neogreenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, six are known only from
<collectingCountry id="F37CB1E7FFD4D26BFC1C21E2FC32FF5D" box="[900,971,151,177]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">China</collectingCountry>
. The Chinese species share the following characteristics with the
<typeStatus id="54D04FD5FFD4D26BFE3321CEFE22FF39" box="[427,475,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFDD021CEFD1DFF39" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[584,740,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zeylandica">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFDD021CEFD1DFF39" box="[584,740,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">N. zeylandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: adult female with 10 segmented antennae; developed legs; mouthparts present; anterior six abdominal spiracles developed and with sieve-like disc-pores within atria; and first-instar nymphs with 7 segmented antennae, each with extremity truncated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371A2FCFFD4D26BFF5F2053FC39FD8D" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD4D26BFF5F2053FBB7FE19" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFF5F2053FEDEFEAC" bold="true" box="[199,295,294,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFEB42052FDFAFEAD" box="[300,515,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFEB42052FE57FEAC" box="[300,430,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Neogreenia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
live under the bark of woody hosts.They reproduce sexually or parthenogenetically.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFF0F203EFE61FE89" baseAuthorityName="Yang &amp; Hu" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[151,408,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osmanthus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFF0F203EFE61FE89" box="[151,408,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Neogreenia osmanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFE3D203EFDEDFE89" authorityName="Tang" authorityYear="1995" box="[421,532,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zizyphi">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFE3D203EFDEDFE89" box="[421,532,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">N. zizyphi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFDD2203EFD2DFE89" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[586,724,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zeylanica">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFDD2203EFD2DFE89" box="[586,724,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">N. zeylanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known to be bisexual; after emergence, adult females crawl on the bark to find a site for copulation and oviposition (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD4D26BFC89201AFC0CFE65" author="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A." box="[785,1013,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref28856" refString="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A. (2023 b) Morphology of all the developmental stages of Neogreenia osmanthus (Yang &amp; Hu) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), and transfer of the genera Neogreenia MacGillivray and Jansenus Foldi to the family Qinococcidae. Zootaxa, 5244 (2), 101 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5244.2.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Zheng &amp; Wu 2023b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD4D26BFB98201AFB34FE65" author="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J." box="[1024,1229,366,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refId="ref28369" refString="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J. (1995) The Margarodidae and others of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea of Insecta). Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp." type="book" year="1995">Tang &amp; Hao 1995</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD4D26BFA90201AFA69FE65" author="Green, E. E." box="[1288,1424,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refId="ref27955" refString="Green, E. E. (1922) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Part V. Dulau &amp; Co., London, 472 pp." type="book" year="1922">Green 1922</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD4D26BFF0F20E6FE68FE41" author="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A." box="[151,401,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref28856" refString="Zheng, X. Y. &amp; Wu, S. A. (2023 b) Morphology of all the developmental stages of Neogreenia osmanthus (Yang &amp; Hu) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), and transfer of the genera Neogreenia MacGillivray and Jansenus Foldi to the family Qinococcidae. Zootaxa, 5244 (2), 101 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5244.2.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Zheng &amp; Wu (2023b)</bibRefCitation>
reported that males of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFD3920E6FCC4FE41" baseAuthorityName="Yang &amp; Hu" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[673,829,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osmanthus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFD3920E6FCC4FE41" box="[673,829,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">N. osmanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represented a very low percentage (ca. 0.8%) of the population. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFE3220C2FDC7FE3D" box="[426,574,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophorica">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFE3220C2FDC7FE3D" box="[426,574,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">N. sophorica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is parthenogenetic; the females do not move but remain under the bark at maturity (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8C86FFD4D26BFE9D20AEFE41FE19" author="Han, X. M. &amp; Zhao, X. J. &amp; Cheng, G. F. &amp; Liu, Y. &amp; Wu, S. A." box="[261,440,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" pagination="847 - 849" refId="ref27982" refString="Han, X. M., Zhao, X. J., Cheng, G. F., Liu, Y. &amp; Wu, S. A. (2007) Bionomics of Neogreenia sophorica. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2007 (6), 847 - 849." type="journal article" year="2007">
Han
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFEA420AEFE94FE19" box="[316,365,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
). Adult females of all species lay their eggs under the bark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4F177FFD4D26BFF5F208AFC39FD8D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
The general life cycle is illustrated in
<figureCitation id="1350EDF2FFD4D26BFDF4208AFD49FDF5" box="[620,688,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,284,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-69@5.[151,1436,273,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Generalized life cycle of Neogreenia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10779743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10779743/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
. Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B8AF4FFD4D26BFCA4208AFC47FDF4" box="[828,958,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neogreenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F2D65FFD4D26BFCA4208AFC47FDF4" box="[828,958,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Neogreenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
go through four developmental stages (the first-instar crawler,
<specimenCount id="9D6D3AFEFFD4D26BFEED2356FDEBFDD1" box="[373,530,547,573]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="immature">two immature</specimenCount>
cyst stages and adult); the males go through five stages (the first-instar crawler, an immature cyst stage, third-instar nymph (pre-pupa), pupa, and adult).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>