220 lines
24 KiB
XML
220 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E07792D683D662BEEF166474243B0956">Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10B0403B04F4CDF65922E5584DF062E0">Kanga, Kouassi Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4AC11C2AB6F476EAC3142693B51F40B">Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale (BioEcoTrop), Daloa, BP 150, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="462A778FAF2924240A70E6AA94184FE5">Kouamé, N’Goran Germain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E7C858CA748AEA25E362DEECE978FFF7">Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale (BioEcoTrop), Daloa, BP 150, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1CA6F7613C3AA715956BA7C7CA4B2822" type="email">ngoran_kouame@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FA8D0EF97D4E84FFB832D6397437BBD1">Zogbassé, Parfait</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C89D5735F659E9665045EE4DEDAF861D">Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale (BioEcoTrop), Daloa, BP 150, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9C3748947BEBBC78EFD9B9BC238D706D">Gongomin, Basseu Aude-Inès</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED4D41000E7C923D61EE225E2945119C">Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale (BioEcoTrop), Daloa, BP 150, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="60D6A31C209B3A08773523D47169BB7D">Agoh, Konan Laurent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8ED7B10C10A0DB318D01F7910E94CFC0">Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale (BioEcoTrop), Daloa, BP 150, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7BEFA56FEDE24EE82CD67B610FC44816">Kouamé, Akoua Michèle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C3D4FEC49C3EEEBB5350EC43C87DC768">Université Nangui Abrogoua, Pôle de Recherche Pêche et Aquaculture, UFR-SGE, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3BBC55C10F66083F3FA47A7ADECA18D3">Konan, Jean Christophe B. Y. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="35C22FE9FDF3775F0841274B17B436D7">Université Nangui Abrogoua, Pôle de Recherche Pêche et Aquaculture, UFR-SGE, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E4B3B9626CAF4A47C9DE31E5358C87C8">Adepo-Gourène, Abouo Béatrice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="462CF99EDF390814F1A6A38CD27BF394">Université Nangui Abrogoua, Pôle de Recherche Pêche et Aquaculture, UFR-SGE, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A83EDC8B72981C31EF799128B11FB8B7">Gourène, Germain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4DBFDA9E6B0336E7DC4B127003AC1418">Université Nangui Abrogoua, Pôle de Recherche Pêche et Aquaculture, UFR-SGE, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, COTE D’IVOIRE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="64AF12B853554AD9AE1A714F172FBA1D">Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="859BD476F388873218B95CAB06674B4E">Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, GERMANY</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="97EA5A38CA4DEC88BC3CBEC3BA5DFA15">Amphibian & Reptile Conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B793BEF911B009ACBD28AD2CF8047C42">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="830BEEFFBA6ED9372E631CC77CF64B11">e 275</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="2961E0740C8CC02528F7931CEA65D3CC">15</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EEFC14FFB6FFCBFCE6821FA5B47B3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11287248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11287248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EEFC14FFB6FFCBFCE6821FA5B47B3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EEFC14FFB6FFCBFCE6821FA5B47B3D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection id="C35D1E89FFB6FFC8FCE6821FA16A7C7E" box="[791,1282,1357,1381]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF84D02FFB6FFC8FCE6821FA16A7C7E" blockId="9.[791,1395,1357,1958]" box="[791,1282,1357,1381]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName id="4C473681FFB6FFC8FCE6821FA16A7C7E" ID-CoL="47FB6" authority="(Angel, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Angel" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[791,1282,1357,1381]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Nimbaphrynoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="B9339110FFB6FFC8FCE6821FA00B7C7E" bold="true" box="[791,1123,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis</emphasis>
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(Angel, 1943)
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</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="498383E0FFB6FFC8FCE6823CA7087C9D" box="[791,864,1390,1414]" country="Liberia" name="Nimba" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Nimba</collectingRegion>
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Toad
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35D1E89FFB6FFC8FCE682DFA0717CBD" box="[791,1049,1421,1446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF84D02FFB6FFC8FCE682DFA0717CBD" blockId="9.[791,1395,1357,1958]" box="[791,1049,1421,1446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B9339110FFB6FFC8FCE682DFA7127CBE" bold="true" box="[791,890,1421,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Material</emphasis>
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: No voucher.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35D1E89FFB6FFCBFBD482DFA5B47B3D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF84D02FFB6FFCBFBD482DFA5B47B3D" blockId="9.[791,1395,1357,1958]" lastBlockId="10.[141,746,141,550]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B9339110FFB6FFC8FBD482DFA0C87CBE" bold="true" box="[1061,1184,1421,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Comments</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B9339110FFB6FFC8FB4482DCA7F07CDD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a unique toad, being viviparous and endemic to a very limited range of a total of
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on the ridges of the Mounts
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between
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3500D92FFB6FFC8FAEE82BCA1077F1D" box="[1311,1391,1518,1542]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F3500D92FFB6FFC8FCB7815CA7AE7F3D" box="[838,966,1550,1574]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD630F3FFB6FFC8FC27815CA01A7F3E" author="Lamotte M." box="[982,1138,1549,1574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="355 - 413" refId="ref21118" refString="Lamotte M. 1959. Observations ecologiques sur les populations naturelles de Nectophrynoides occidentalis (Fam. Bufonidae). Bulletin Biologique 4: 355 - 413." type="journal article" year="1959">Lamotte 1959</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD630F3FFB6FFC8FB8E815CA7D87F5D" author="Lamotte M & Sanchez-Lamotte C." pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="111 - 122" refId="ref21533" refString="Lamotte M, Sanchez-Lamotte C. 1999. Adaptation aux particularites climatiques du cycle biologique d'un anoure tropical, Nectophrynoides occidentalis Angel, 1943 (Bufonidae). Alytes 16: 111 - 122." type="journal article" year="1999">Lamotte and Sanchez-Lamotte 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD630F3FFB6FFC8FC4C817CA0FB7F5D" author="Hillers A & Loua NS & Rodel MO" box="[957,1171,1582,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="13 - 19" refId="ref20409" refString="Hillers A, Loua NS, Rodel MO. 2008 b. Assessment of the distribution and conservation status of the viviparous toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis, on Monts Nimba, Guinea. Endangered Species Research 5: 13 - 19." type="journal article" year="2008">Hillers et al. 2008b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD630F3FFB6FFC8FB6E817CA71C7F7D" author="Sandberger-Loua L & Doumbia J & Rodel MO" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="15 - 21" refId="ref23515" refString="Sandberger-Loua L, Doumbia J, Rodel MO. 2016. Conserving the unique to save the diverse. Identifying key environmental determinants for the persistence of the viviparous Nimba Toad in a West African World Heritage Site. Biological Conservation 198: 15 - 21." type="journal article" year="2016">Sandberger-Loua et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD630F3FFB6FFC8FC72811CA7D57F7D" author="Sandberger-Loua L & Muller H & Rodel MO" box="[899,957,1614,1638]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="105 - 133" refId="ref23666" refString="Sandberger-Loua L, Muller H, Rodel MO. 2017. A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba Toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93: 105 - 133." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
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). The toads live in montane grasslands above
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asl, where they go into dormancy during the dry season (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD630F3FFB6FFC8FC2881DCA0147FBE" author="Lamotte M." box="[985,1148,1677,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="355 - 413" refId="ref21118" refString="Lamotte M. 1959. Observations ecologiques sur les populations naturelles de Nectophrynoides occidentalis (Fam. Bufonidae). Bulletin Biologique 4: 355 - 413." type="journal article" year="1959">Lamotte 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hillers et al. 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD630F3FFB6FFC8FCE681FCA07D7FDD" author="Sandberger L & Hillers A & Doumbia J & Loua NS & Brede C & Rodel MO" box="[791,1045,1710,1734]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref23610" refString="Sandberger L, Hillers A, Doumbia J, Loua NS, Brede C, Rodel MO. 2010. Rediscovery of the Liberian Nimba Toad, Nimbaphrynoides liberiensis (Xavier, 1978) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), and reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa 2355: 56 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">Sandberger et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473681FFB6FFC8FBDB81FCA11B7FDD" baseAuthorityName="Angel" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[1066,1395,1710,1734]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Nimbaphrynoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339110FFB6FFC8FBDB81FCA11B7FDD" box="[1066,1395,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises two subspecies isolated by a forested mountain ridge: the larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473681FFB6FFC8FC3E81BCA0837E1D" box="[975,1259,1774,1798]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Nimbaphrynoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="occidentalis" subSpecies="liberiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339110FFB6FFC8FC3E81BCA0837E1D" box="[975,1259,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">N. occidentalis liberiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to one site in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3500D92FFB6FFC8FC5A805CA7937E3D" box="[939,1019,1806,1830]" name="Liberia" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473681FFB6FFC8FBB8805CA1007E3D" box="[1097,1384,1806,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Nimbaphrynoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="occidentalis" subSpecies="occidentali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339110FFB6FFC8FBB8805CA1007E3D" box="[1097,1384,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">N. occidentalis occidentali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s occurs in a few sub-populations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3500D92FFB6FFC8FB5C807CA0927E5D" box="[1197,1274,1838,1862]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3500D92FFB6FFC8FAC8807CA73C7E7D" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD630F3FFB6FFC8FC90801CA03D7E7D" author="Sandberger L & Hillers A & Doumbia J & Loua NS & Brede C & Rodel MO" box="[865,1109,1870,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref23610" refString="Sandberger L, Hillers A, Doumbia J, Loua NS, Brede C, Rodel MO. 2010. Rediscovery of the Liberian Nimba Toad, Nimbaphrynoides liberiensis (Xavier, 1978) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), and reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa 2355: 56 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">Sandberger et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473681FFB6FFC8FB22801CA7F07E9D" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Nimbaphrynoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="occidentalis" subSpecies="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339110FFB6FFC8FB22801CA7F07E9D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">N. occidentalis occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFE0E7FFB6FFC8FC4A803FA07D7E9E" box="[955,1045,1901,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="1235.0">1,235 m</quantity>
|
||
asl, on very humid steep slopes in the montane grassland (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE732BC5FFB6FFC8FBC580DFA0AA7EBE" box="[1076,1218,1933,1957]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="35.555" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" precision="1" value="7.592583">07°35.555’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE732BC5FFB6FFC8FB3F80DFA1067EBE" box="[1230,1390,1933,1957]" degrees="008" direction="west" minutes="25.788" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" precision="1" value="-8.4298">008°25.788’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFE0E7FFB5FFCBFF7C87DFA48779BE" box="[141,239,141,165]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="1235.0">1,235 m</quantity>
|
||
asl).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D41868BFFB5FFCBFECD87DCA5B779BD" box="[316,479,142,166]" count="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" type="juvenile">Four juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D41868BFFB5FFCBFDD787DCA6CE79BD" box="[550,678,142,166]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
were discovered under rocks. The sizes of the juveniles ranged from 12.0‒14.0 mm while the female measured 23.0 mm. The basic dorsal color of the juveniles was dark brown, with a somewhat irregular mixture of light brown and white spots. Their snout, eyelids, and legs were colored light brown. The juveniles showed a pattern typical for adult males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137C5187FFB5FFCBFEEA863CA51A789D" box="[283,370,366,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[141,176,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[214,1323,141,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-23@11.[212,1323,141,1821]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Bufonids from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis juvenile (A); N. occidentalis female (B); Sclerophrys maculata male (C), the yellow color is only exhibited by some males during breeding; S. maculata female (D); S. regularis male (E); S. regularis female (F); S. togoensis male (G); S. togoensis female (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11287138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11287138/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the female had a nearly uniform light brown dorsal color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137C5187FFB5FFCBFDE186DCA60178BD" box="[528,617,398,422]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[141,176,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[214,1323,141,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-23@11.[212,1323,141,1821]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Bufonids from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis juvenile (A); N. occidentalis female (B); Sclerophrys maculata male (C), the yellow color is only exhibited by some males during breeding; S. maculata female (D); S. regularis male (E); S. regularis female (F); S. togoensis male (G); S. togoensis female (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11287138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11287138/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The main threat for this species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3500D92FFB5FFCBFE6B86FCA67178DD" box="[410,537,430,454]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
is bush fires in the dry season. A detailed assessment of the distribution and population sizes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C473681FFB5FFCBFE8386BCA6C07B1D" box="[370,680,494,518]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Nimbaphrynoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="occidentalis" subSpecies="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9339110FFB5FFCBFE8386BCA6C07B1D" box="[370,680,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">N. occidentalis occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3500D92FFB5FFCBFF7C855CA5637B3D" box="[141,267,526,550]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
is urgently needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |