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<document id="6D0B59F8434BDF52302382237AB8881B" ID-CLB-Dataset="53758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55cb0aa4-25b5-43fc-b545-54697a22b641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8043342" ID-ZooBank="DE9C1F18-5CEE-4968-9991-075B977966FE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686836004935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E. &amp; Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2023" docId="161B87CDBA400A23FF54FB61FB7B5DF3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5303.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5303 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Toxorhynchites (Afrorhynchus) viridibasis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="EA22FFB5BA330A57FFC3FFAFFF915A05" masterDocTitle="The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1699524690436" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="62BD2EFB2438C3BA6FB82ABDA0A1570D">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58C2BFC0439B00C5A9EF880690C4A140">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="27615095977E97A2F423514BB1A9A1CF">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CD816987960267566A488384B7E7F003">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="556D8E040EC0A7B0E49A031EED75192A">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CD1405BE5107F92831E3E2B24F21E04F">5303</mods:number>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA400A23FF54FB61FB7B5DF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064287" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA400A23FF54FB61FB7B5DF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA400A23FF54FB61FB7B5DF3" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA400A24FF54FB61FCB55EED" box="[151,804,1230,1257]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA400A24FF54FB61FCB55EED" blockId="115.[151,804,1230,1257]" box="[151,804,1230,1257]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<heading id="C54581B7BA400A24FF54FB61FCB55EED" bold="true" box="[151,804,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FF54FB61FCB55EED" ID-CoL="8FGQ9" authority="(Edwards)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[151,804,1230,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis" subGenus="Afrorhynchus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FF54FB61FCB55EED" bold="true" box="[151,804,1230,1257]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FF54FB61FEC05EEC" bold="true" box="[151,337,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FEA0FB61FD9C5EEC" bold="true" box="[355,525,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Afrorhynchus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FDDEFB61FD085EEC" bold="true" box="[541,665,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">viridibasis</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA400A24FF54FABCFE635FA3" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA400A24FF54FABCFC6B5F6D" blockId="115.[151,1437,1299,1446]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FEC9FABCFDB15F2E" ID-CoL="8FGQ9" authority="(Edwards, 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[266,544,1299,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FEC9FABCFEE45F2E" bold="true" box="[266,373,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">viridibasis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FE41FABCFD885F2E" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[386,537,1299,1323]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref154211" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935) Mosquito notes. - XII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 26 (2), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038116" type="journal article" year="1935">Edwards, 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—original combination:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FCDDFABCFB105F2E" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[798,1153,1299,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="aeneus" variety="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FCDDFABCFC755F2E" box="[798,996,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Megarhinus aeneus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FBD5FABCFB105F2E" box="[1046,1153,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">viridibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(specific status by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FA87FABCFA0C5F2E" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1348,1437,1299,1323]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards</bibRefCitation>
1941). Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FE59FA9DFDB45F4C" box="[410,549,1330,1354]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FDF2FA9DFCA45F4F" box="[561,821,1330,1354]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FC83FA9DFC5D5F4F" box="[832,972,1330,1354]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FC1BFA9DFB9B5F4F" box="[984,1034,1330,1354]" name="Serbia" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Mali</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FBD5FA9DFBF45F4F" box="[1046,1125,1330,1354]" name="Nigeria" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FBB3FA9DFB645F4F" box="[1136,1269,1330,1354]" name="South Sudan" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FAC3FA9DFAD35F4F" box="[1280,1346,1330,1354]" name="Sudan" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FA8EFA9DFA0D5F4F" box="[1357,1436,1330,1354]" name="Uganda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FF0DFAFFFE3F5F6C" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[206,430,1360,1385]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FEFDFAFEFEFA5F6D" box="[318,363,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
); also
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FE2CFAFFFCE65F6C" box="[495,887,1360,1385]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA400A24FF54FAC0FE635FA3" blockId="115.[151,1437,1299,1446]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
subspecies
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FECFFAC0FEF85F82" bold="true" box="[268,361,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">voltaicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FEB3FAC0FE6C5F82" author="Ribeiro, H." box="[368,509,1391,1415]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="224 - 232" refId="ref175063" refString="Ribeiro, H. (2005) Three new species and one new subspecies of Toxorhynchites (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42 (3), 224 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 42.3.224" type="journal article" year="2005">Ribeiro, 2005</bibRefCitation>
—original combination:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FD38FAC0FA9D5F82" ID-CoL="8FGQB" authorityName="Ribeiro" authorityYear="2005" box="[763,1292,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viridibasis" subGenus="Afrorhynchus" subSpecies="voltaicus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FD38FAC0FC055F82" box="[763,916,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FC66FAC0FBBF5F82" box="[933,1070,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Afrorhynchus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FBFDFAC0FA9D5F82" box="[1086,1292,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">viridibasis voltaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FF04FA21FEDE5FA0" box="[199,335,1422,1446]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FE9FFA21FE765FA3" author="Ribeiro, H." box="[348,487,1422,1446]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="224 - 232" refId="ref175063" refString="Ribeiro, H. (2005) Three new species and one new subspecies of Toxorhynchites (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42 (3), 224 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 42.3.224" type="journal article" year="2005">Ribeiro 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA400A23FF54FA7BFB7B5DF3" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="description">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA400A24FF54FA7BFCBD5CC3" blockId="115.[151,1437,1492,2023]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FF54FA7BFEDC5FEA" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[151,333,1492,1519]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref154211" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935) Mosquito notes. - XII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 26 (2), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038116" type="journal article" year="1935">Edwards (1935)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FE0EFA7BFDD25FEB" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[461,579,1492,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FE0EFA7BFDD25FEB" box="[461,579,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">viridibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as a variety of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FCC5FA7BFBEC5FEB" authority="Evans, 1926" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1926" box="[774,1149,1492,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FCC5FA7BFC745FEB" box="[774,997,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Megarhinus aeneus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FC2CFA7AFBEC5FEB" author="Evans, A. M." box="[1007,1149,1492,1519]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="97 - 108" refId="ref154942" refString="Evans, A. M. (1926) Notes on Freetown mosquitos, with descriptions of new and little-known species. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 20 (1), 97 - 108, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1926.11684481" type="journal article" year="1926">Evans, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA400A24FB0CFA7AFAAA5FEB" box="[1231,1339,1492,1519]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
females collected in
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FEDDFA57FEE95C17" box="[286,376,1528,1554]" name="Uganda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA400A24FE68FA56FE4A5C16" box="[427,475,1529,1555]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">type</typeStatus>
specimen from
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA400A24FD4DFA57FD625C17" box="[654,755,1528,1554]" country="Uganda" name="Kampala" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Kampala</collectingRegion>
and the second female from
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA400A24FBF0FA57FBEA5C17" box="[1075,1147,1528,1554]" country="Uganda" name="Soroti" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Soroti</collectingRegion>
. The description was very brief and did not include illustrations. In addition to a slightly more detailed description of the
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA400A24FB64F9B2FAA15C33" box="[1191,1328,1564,1591]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FAF9F9B3FF735C5F" author="Edwards, F. W." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
provided a very brief description of a dubious adult male, stating: “Although the male is damaged I think it must belong to the same species as the females: it is clearly quite different from the male of
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FB01F9CBFAA95C7B" box="[1218,1336,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">erythrurus</emphasis>
, but it is quite possible that both
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FE62F927FD865CA7" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[417,535,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FE62F927FD865CA7" box="[417,535,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">viridibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FD8EF926FD0A5CA7" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1926" box="[589,667,1673,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FD8EF926FD0A5CA7" box="[589,667,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">aeneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be regarded as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FBF4F927FB0F5CA7" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1079,1182,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FBF4F927FB0F5CA7" box="[1079,1182,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">lutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the available material is too scanty for any conclusion to be formed of the point.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA400A23FF04F97FFBA65B8D" blockId="115.[151,1437,1492,2023]" lastBlockId="116.[151,1437,150,2038]" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FF04F97FFEE15CEE" author="Ribeiro, H." box="[199,368,1744,1771]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="224 - 232" refId="ref175063" refString="Ribeiro, H. (2005) Three new species and one new subspecies of Toxorhynchites (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42 (3), 224 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 42.3.224" type="journal article" year="2005">Ribeiro (2005)</bibRefCitation>
based the description of subspecies
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FCDFF97FFC105CEF" box="[796,897,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">voltaicus</emphasis>
on a single adult male captured on 18.7.54 at Banankélédage (Banankeledaga), cercle (circle, area) Bobo-Dioulasso,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FC37F95BFBEA5D0B" box="[1012,1147,1780,1806]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Haute-Volta</collectingCountry>
(now
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA400A24FB14F95BFAE65D0B" box="[1239,1399,1780,1806]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
)— Banankeledaga is a village located near the city of Bobo-Dioulasso, the capital of Houet Province. Ribeiro did not mention how he identified the specimen as being conspecific with the female of the nominate form, but he distinguished the two subspecies in a key for the identification of males of species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FAC6F8CFFEA45D9B" authority="Ribeiro, 1992" authorityName="Ribeiro" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Afrorhynchus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FAC6F8CFFA0D5D7F" box="[1285,1436,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Afrorhynchus</emphasis>
Ribeiro, 1992
</taxonomicName>
. Oddly, the two subspecies keyed out in different couplets, with the nominate subspecies keying out in a couplet with
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FE98F806FD7D5DC7" authority="(van Someren, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="van Someren" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[347,748,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruwenzori">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FE98F806FE695DC7" box="[347,504,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Tx. ruwenzori</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FDC4F807FD725DC7" author="van Someren, E. C. C." box="[519,739,1960,1986]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="128 - 132" refId="ref183377" refString="van Someren, E. C. C. (1948) Ethiopian Culicidae: Some new mosquitoes from Uganda. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 17 (9 - 10), 128 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1948. tb 00902. x" type="journal article" year="1948">van Someren, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and subspecies
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FC61F807FB965DC7" box="[930,1031,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">voltaicus</emphasis>
keying out in a couple in which the alternate character state leads to two consecutive couplets that identify
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A24FC0BF862FB6D5DE3" authority="Ribeiro, 1992 b" authorityName="Ribeiro" authorityYear="1992" box="[968,1276,1996,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capelai">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FC0BF862FBD75DE3" box="[968,1094,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Tx. capelai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA400A24FB8CF863FB6D5DE3" author="Ribeiro, H." box="[1103,1276,1996,2022]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref175004" refString="Ribeiro, H. (1992 b) On the terrestrial and riverine fauna of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe. VII - Description of Toxorhynchites capelai sp. nov. (Diptera, Culicidae). Garcia de Orta, Serie de Zoologia, 19 (1 - 2), 135 - 128." type="journal article" year="1992">Ribeiro, 1992b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA400A23FAC9F862FEFB5AB4" authority="(Theobald, 1901a)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" order="Diptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA400A24FAC9F862FA0C5DE3" box="[1290,1437,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Tx. lutescens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FF5CFF38FEF35AB4" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[159,354,151,177]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FE6BFF38FD775AB4" authority="Ribeiro, 2005" authorityName="Ribeiro" authorityYear="2005" box="[424,742,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zairensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FE6BFF38FDA85AB5" box="[424,569,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Tx. zairensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FD87FF38FD775AB4" author="Ribeiro, H." box="[580,742,150,177]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="224 - 232" refId="ref175063" refString="Ribeiro, H. (2005) Three new species and one new subspecies of Toxorhynchites (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42 (3), 224 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 42.3.224" type="journal article" year="2005">Ribeiro, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Scaling on the mesokatepisternum was used to distinguish subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FED4FF14FE1C5AD0" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[279,397,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FED4FF14FE1C5AD0" box="[279,397,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">viridibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from subspecies
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FD90FF14FD295AD0" box="[595,696,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
and the other three species: In the nominate subspecies, “Golden scales on mesokatepisternum restricted to the lower portion of the sclerite [sternum]”; in subspecies
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FACAFF70FAFF5AFC" box="[1289,1390,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
, “A patch of golden scales present on the upper portion of the mesokatepisternum, at base of prealar knob”. According to
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FF77FE88FEFA5B44" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[180,363,295,321]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, the female of the nominate form has “much of the pre-alar area (except the knob) clothed with white scales.” It is uncertain whether the prealar area of the male also has white scaling as Edwards only mentioned that the male “resembles
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA470A23FE71FEC0FE565B8C" box="[434,455,367,393]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
in colouring of body and legs (thorax much denuded).”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA470A23FF04FE3DFEF558CF" blockId="116.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
In the diagnosis of
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FE61FE3DFD965BA9" box="[418,519,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
, Ribeiro mentioned that the male also differed from the male of the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FAD3FE3DFAD15BA9" box="[1296,1344,402,428]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
form in having “a purple third tergum” and the coloration of the maxillary palpus, which is “extensively golden” in the nominate form and “mainly purplish golden with violet reflections” in
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FC13FE76FBA45BF6" box="[976,1077,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
.
<location id="9B6D6000BA470A23FB85FE75FBF65BF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA400A23FF54FB61FB7B5DF3:9B6D6000BA470A23FB85FE75FBF65BF1" box="[1094,1127,474,500]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="For" name="He" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">He</location>
noted that “No significant differences were found between the male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FD3BFE51FC305812" authorityName="Ribeiro" authorityYear="2005" box="[760,929,509,535]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="viridibasis" variety="voltaicus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FD3BFE51FC305812" box="[760,929,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Tx. v. voltaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and those of the male
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FB67FE51FACF5812" box="[1188,1374,509,535]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="aeneus" variety="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FB67FE51FACF5812" box="[1188,1374,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Tx. v. viridibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Coquilhatville,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FE8BFD8EFE04583E" box="[328,405,545,571]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Congo</collectingCountry>
” [Coquilhatville is the former name of present-day Mbandaka, a city on the
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FAC9FD8EFAC4583E" box="[1290,1365,545,571]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Congo</collectingCountry>
River in
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FF7BFDEBFD10585A" box="[184,641,580,607]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
].
<collectingMunicipality id="7E69ACA1BA470A23FD55FDEAFD2C585A" box="[662,701,581,607]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">For</collectingMunicipality>
clarity,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FCDCFDEBFC47585A" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[799,982,580,607]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the maxillary palpus of the questionable male of the nominate form that he examined was “as in
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FC66FDC7FB9D5887" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[933,1036,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FC66FDC7FB9D5887" box="[933,1036,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">lutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, which he described as having the “shaft and penultimate segment golden beneath, only tip of latter dark, and with some golden scales above, terminal segment all dark”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA470A23FF04FD7BFB5059A5" blockId="116.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FDDBFD7CFCC558EB" authority=", Edwards (1935)" authorityName=", Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[536,852,723,750]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FDDBFD7CFD1F58E8" box="[536,654,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">viridibasis</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FD5DFD7CFCC558EB" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[670,852,723,750]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref154211" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935) Mosquito notes. - XII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 26 (2), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038116" type="journal article" year="1935">Edwards (1935)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
characterized the female as having the “First three abdominal segments almost entirely green-scaled, contrasting with the remainder, which are purple.” In 1941, he more precisely described the abdominal terga: “Abdomen with first three tergites [terga I–III] clothed with metallic green scales, a slight admixture of purple scales on the third, rest purple.” Although this pertains to females, it suggests that the third tergum may not always be entirely green-scaled and could prove to be predominately or entirely purple on inspection of a much larger number of specimens; perhaps more so in males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA470A23FF04FC05FCEB5E2A" blockId="116.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
The larva and pupa of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FE19FC04FDEF59C1" authorityName=", Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[474,638,938,964]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FE19FC04FDEF59C1" box="[474,638,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Tx. viridibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FCAAFC05FC6D59C0" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[873,1020,938,965]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref165539" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1945) Observations on the distribution and taxonomy of Culicidae (Diptera) in the Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 95 (1), 1 - 24, 2 maps. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1945. tb 00259. x" type="book chapter" year="1945">Lewis (1945</bibRefCitation>
, southern
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FBBBFC05FB5159C1" box="[1144,1216,938,964]" name="Sudan" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sudan</collectingCountry>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FAC5FC05FA0959C1" author="Wolfs, J." box="[1286,1432,938,964]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref185211" refString="Wolfs, J. (1947) Description des larves et des nymphes de quelques megarhines. M. phytophagus Theobald, M. viridibasis Edwards, et M. aeneus Theobald [sic, Evans]. Recueil de Travaux de Sciences Medicales au Congo Belge, 6, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1947">Wolfs (1947</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FF54FC61FDB359ED" box="[151,546,974,1000]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
), and minor details of the larva were provided by Hamon (1954,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FB35FC61FA0059ED" box="[1270,1425,974,1000]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
). In each case, larvae were reared to adults, which were used to identify the species. Wolfs apparently described the larva from exuviae associated with two individually reared males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA470A23FF04FB96FB305FBC" blockId="116.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
It is noteworthy that the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FE17FB96FDA75E56" box="[468,566,1081,1107]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FD56FB96FD6B5E56" box="[661,762,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FC5CFB96FBD55E51" author="Ribeiro, H." box="[927,1092,1081,1108]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="224 - 232" refId="ref175063" refString="Ribeiro, H. (2005) Three new species and one new subspecies of Toxorhynchites (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42 (3), 224 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 42.3.224" type="journal article" year="2005">Ribeiro (2005)</bibRefCitation>
was collected and identified as
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FF54FBF2FEA75E73" authorityName=", Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,310,1116,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FF54FBF2FEA75E73" box="[151,310,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Tx. viridibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by J. Hamon, who recorded the following: “we obtained an
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FC17FBF2FBBF5E73" box="[980,1070,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">ex larva</emphasis>
[from a larval rearing] specimen which allows us to add the following indications to the descriptions of Lewis and Wolfs: head seta B [seta 6-C] has 5 branches; the subventral bristle of the siphon [seta 1-S] is bifid on one side and simple [single] on the other [translated from the French].” For comparison,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FD70FB67FCD85EE7" author="Wolfs, J." box="[691,841,1224,1250]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref185211" refString="Wolfs, J. (1947) Description des larves et des nymphes de quelques megarhines. M. phytophagus Theobald, M. viridibasis Edwards, et M. aeneus Theobald [sic, Evans]. Recueil de Travaux de Sciences Medicales au Congo Belge, 6, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1947">Wolfs (1947)</bibRefCitation>
indicted that setae 6-C and 1-S are both 4-branched in larvae from
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FEFEFB44FD635F03" box="[317,754,1259,1286]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, whereas
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FCA3FB44FC675F03" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[864,1014,1259,1286]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref165539" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1945) Observations on the distribution and taxonomy of Culicidae (Diptera) in the Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 95 (1), 1 - 24, 2 maps. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1945. tb 00259. x" type="book chapter" year="1945">Lewis (1945)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that specimens from
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FA95FB44FA0D5F00" box="[1366,1436,1259,1285]" name="Sudan" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sudan</collectingCountry>
have seta 6-C with 2 or 3 branches “near the tip” and seta 1-S single, but “may have 1 or 2 branches near its tip.” It was not obvious until now that the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FDE1FA9CFD155F48" box="[546,644,1331,1357]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FD24FA9CFCDD5F48" box="[743,844,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
is one of the
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA470A23FC26FA9CFBC65F48" box="[997,1111,1331,1357]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
which Hamon (1954) reared from larvae collected in an area that “forms approximately a circle with a radius of 50 kilometers and is entirely included in the administrative subdivision of Bobo Dioulasso [translated from the French].” Therefore, one of the larval exuviae examined by Hamon (1954) is the larval exuviae of the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FC6EFA31FB9E5FBD" box="[941,1039,1438,1464]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FBF7FA31FB085FBD" box="[1076,1177,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA470A23FF04FA6DFB7B5DF3" blockId="116.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
Based on the scant morphological data listed above, it would seem that subspecies
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FBBFFA6DFB705FD9" box="[1148,1249,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
differs from the nominate form principally in features of the adults—abdominal tergum III entirely with purple scales (entirely green or with a few intermixed purple scales in the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FD22F9A5FC805C21" box="[737,785,1546,1572]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
form), upper mesokatepisternal scale-patch comprised of golden scales (these scales white in the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FD97F981FD155C4D" box="[596,644,1582,1608]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
form), maxillary palpus of the male mainly clothed in purplish golden scales with violet reflections (mainly clothed in golden scales in the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FC57F9FEFC555C6E" box="[916,964,1617,1643]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
form). Because the interpretation of color is subjective and dependent on lighting, and may be variable within a species, we consider such differences to be of questionable value in recognizing species-group taxa. With regard to the larva, the paucity of information shows that the larva of
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FEDCF913FE155CD3" box="[287,388,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
shares the single or bifid seta 1-S with the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FCA9F912FC0B5CD2" box="[874,922,1725,1751]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
form in
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FC3FF913FBD45CD3" box="[1020,1093,1724,1750]" name="Sudan" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, and both differ from the form in
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FF77F94FFDF25CFF" box="[180,611,1760,1786]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
in which this seta is 4-branched. There seems to be a greater difference in the branching of seta 6-C, which has two or three apical branches in Sudanese larvae and is four- and five-branched in larvae from
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA470A23FEF9F887FD775D47" box="[314,742,1832,1858]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
and the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA470A23FC80F886FCE25D46" box="[835,883,1833,1859]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
locality of subspecies
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FBADF887FB425D47" box="[1134,1235,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
, respectively. It is impossible to know whether these differences are attributable to variation across the range of a single species or an indication of a potential species complex. In the absence of firm evidence, we feel it is prudent at this time to formally consider
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FF3FF83BFEF05DAB" box="[252,353,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
as nothing more than a local morphological variant of the nominotypical form:
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FB0CF83BFB615DD7" bold="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FB0CF83BFAA75DAA" bold="true" box="[1231,1334,1940,1967]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FAFFF83BFF405DD7" author="Ribeiro, H." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="224 - 232" refId="ref175063" refString="Ribeiro, H. (2005) Three new species and one new subspecies of Toxorhynchites (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Afrotropical Region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42 (3), 224 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 42.3.224" type="journal article" year="2005">Ribeiro, 2005</bibRefCitation>
, junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FDFFF817FB615DD7" authority="(Edwards, 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[572,1264,1976,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridibasis" subGenus="Afrorhynchus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FDFFF817FD7F5DD6" bold="true" box="[572,750,1976,2003]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FD3EF817FC0E5DD6" bold="true" box="[765,927,1976,2003]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Afrorhynchus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FC6CF817FBB45DD6" bold="true" box="[943,1061,1976,2003]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">viridibasis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA470A23FBF7F817FB765DD7" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1076,1255,1976,2002]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref154211" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935) Mosquito notes. - XII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 26 (2), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038116" type="journal article" year="1935">Edwards, 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Consequently,
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FF54F873FF6D5DF3" box="[151,252,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">voltaicus</emphasis>
should be removed from the species of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA470A23FD7FF873FCF75DF3" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[700,870,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA470A23FD7FF873FCF75DF3" box="[700,870,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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