196 lines
35 KiB
XML
196 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="7A38B4FF6B52593D878851A0D9A65BFA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62cf6c3b-ca7b-45df-ad3c-91e62eed2cdd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240135" ID-ZooBank="D6418B13-4C6C-4BE7-AFF8-371A3CF024E5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461202355580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Menard, Katrina L." docDate="2015" docId="03A0FD38FFEF3571FF60F965FF173FB7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03973p158.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3973 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spanagonicus Berg" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FF998540FFEE3573FFF7FFACFFE1380C" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Spanagonicus Berg (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Nasocorini) with the description of novel antennal characters, the description of a new species from Central America, and a key to currently known taxa" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1698601064161" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="34F13F72330F3567734A48E92CEAEBFF">A review of the genus Spanagonicus Berg (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Nasocorini) with the description of novel antennal characters, the description of a new species from Central America, and a key to currently known taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A4C020AEF9A229D50622F1D7B057A165">Menard, Katrina L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F59CC8600C3D8B932DEDF21520E9D5D0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F09BB150831E35DF546EF7735EE66D1F">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="565AB7964DF924B088B74B7A414B19FC">3973</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A0FD38FFEF3571FF60F965FF173FB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6101154" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119629493" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6101154" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0FD38FFEF3571FF60F965FF173FB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0FD38FFEF3571FF60F965FF173FB7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<subSubSection id="C3131FA5FFEF3572FF60F965FEFD3F09" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEF3572FF60F965FE673EEF" blockId="1.[151,390,1737,1797]" box="[151,390,1737,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<heading id="D0FEFB42FFEF3572FF60F965FE673EEF" bold="true" box="[151,390,1737,1763]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0937ADFFEF3572FF60F965FE673EEF" ID-CoL="7JWP" ID-ENA="568014" authority="Berg" authorityName="Berg" box="[151,390,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Spanagonicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEF3572FF60F965FE673EEF" bold="true" box="[151,390,1737,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEF3572FF60F965FEA33EEF" bold="true" box="[151,322,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Spanagonicus</emphasis>
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Berg
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEF3572FF60F940FEFD3F09" blockId="1.[151,390,1737,1797]" box="[151,284,1772,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEF3572FF60F940FEFD3F09" box="[151,284,1772,1797]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionStartId-3="14.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionStartId-4="15.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionStartId-5="16.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1419,205,1851]" captionTargetBox-1="[180,1419,202,1921]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1436,193,1449]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetBox-4="[306,1285,193,1892]" captionTargetBox-5="[276,1325,196,1871]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1852]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[159,1427,193,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1450]" captionTargetId-3="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetId-4="figure@15.[306,1285,193,1898]" captionTargetId-5="figure@16.[276,1325,196,1872]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="15" captionTargetPageId-5="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus photos Spanagonicus Berg species. A. male S. albofasciatus (Reuter) B. female S. albofasciatus, macropterous C. female S. albofasciatus, brachypterous D. male S. argentinus E. female S. argentinus F. male S. aricanus G. female S. aricanus H. male S. schusterus I. female S. schusterus. J. female S. tiquensis (Image from the Museo de La Plata online holotype database). Images not to scale; see Table 2 for measurements." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Spanagonicus Berg species. Spanagonicus albofasciatus: A. endosoma, B. left paramere, C. phallotheca; S. argentinus: D. endosoma, E. left paramere, F. phallotheca; S. aricanus: G. endosoma, H. left paramere, I. phallotheca; S. schusterus n. sp.: J. endosoma, K. left paramere, L. phallotheca." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Female genitalia of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. anterior view of vestibulum, B. dorsal view of vestibulum, C. dorsal view of posterior wall, D. posterior view of posterior wall. sre—sclerotized rings extensions. vs—vestibular sclerites. sr—sclerotized rings. ls—lateral sclerites. pw—posterior wall." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron microscopy images of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. Lateral head and thorax view of male S. albofasciatus, B. Lateral view of second antennal segment of male S. albofasciatus, C. spatulate setae on ventral surface of second antennal segment in male S. albofasciatus, D. lateral view of female S. albofasciatus. Magnifications at base of images." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Transmission electron microscopy images of a cross-section of the second antennal segment in Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. Female S. albofasciatus, B. Male S. albofasciatus. Cuticle for dorsal surface of the second antennal segment and ventral surface associated with the spatulate setae in male S. albofasciatus are indicated. Scale bars are equivalent to 1 micron." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Transmission electron microscopy images of a cross-section of the second antennal segment in Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. Male S. albofasciatus dorsal cuticular surface, highlighting the basicornis setae and associated structures. B. Male S. albofasciatus ventral cuticular surface, highlighting the layers of cuticle and spatulate setae internal morphology. cucuticle p—pores, tr—trichogen cells, to—tormogen cells. Scale bars are equivalent to 1 micron." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/240136/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/240137/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/240138/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/240139/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/240140/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/240141/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figures 1–6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3131FA5FFEF3572FF60F899FC403FAA" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEF3572FF60F899FDA63F65" blockId="1.[151,1435,1844,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB196B00FFEF3572FF60F899FDA63F65" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0937ADFFEF3572FF60F899FE5E3F46" ID-CoL="7JWP" authority="Berg 1883: 78" authorityName="Berg" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,447,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Spanagonicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEF3572FF60F899FEC43F46" box="[151,293,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Spanagonicus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA86A3FFFEF3572FEDBF899FE5E3F46" author="Berg" box="[300,447,1844,1866]" page="78" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEF3572FEDBF899FE7B3F46" author="Berg" box="[300,410,1844,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" refString="Berg, C. (1883) Addenda et emendanda ad Hemiptera Argentinae (2). Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 16, 5 - 32, 73 - 87, 105 - 125, 180 - 191, 231 - 241, 285 - 294." type="journal article" year="1883">Berg 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 78
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(n. gen.);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA86A3FFFEF3572FDDCF898FD163F46" author="Carvalho" box="[555,759,1844,1866]" page="142" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" year="1958">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEF3572FDDCF898FD273F46" author="Carvalho" box="[555,710,1844,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. (1958) A catalogue of the Miridae of the world. Part II. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 45, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1958">Carvalho 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 142
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</treatmentCitation>
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(Cat.);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA86A3FFFEF3572FCB0F898FBFD3F46" author="Maldonado" box="[839,1052,1844,1866]" page="86" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEF3572FCB0F898FC193F46" author="Maldonado" box="[839,1016,1844,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" refString="Maldonado Capriles, J. (1969) The Miridae of Puerto Rico (Insecta, Hemiptera). University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper, 45, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1969">Maldonado 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 86
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</treatmentCitation>
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(descr., key to spp.);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA86A3FFFEF3572FB0BF898FA7A3F46" author="Alayo" box="[1276,1435,1844,1866]" page="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEF3572FB0BF898FA993F46" author="Alayo" box="[1276,1400,1844,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" refString="Alayo, D. P. (1974) Los Hemipteros de Cuba. Parte XIII. Familia Miridae. Torreia, 32, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1974">Alayo 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 22
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</treatmentCitation>
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(diag.);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA86A3FFFEF3572FEE0F8FFFE233F65" author="Schuh" box="[279,450,1875,1897]" page="429" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEF3572FEE0F8FFFE733F65" author="Schuh" box="[279,402,1875,1897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" refString="Schuh, R. T. (1984) Revision of the Phylinae (Hemiptera, Miridae) of the Indo-Pacific. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 177 (1), 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1984">Schuh 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 429
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</treatmentCitation>
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(diag., disc.)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEF3572FF60F8DDFC403FAA" blockId="1.[151,1435,1844,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB196B00FFEF3572FF60F8DDFC403FAA" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0937ADFFEF3572FF60F8DDFE293F8B" authority="Reuter 1907: 24" authorityName="Reuter" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,456,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Leucopoecila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEF3572FF60F8DDFEC13F8B" box="[151,288,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Leucopoecila</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA86A3FFFEF3572FED2F8DEFE293F8B" author="Reuter" box="[293,456,1905,1927]" page="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" year="1907">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEF3572FED2F8DEFE443F8B" author="Reuter" box="[293,421,1905,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" refString="Reuter, O. M. (1907) Capsidae novae in insula Jamaica mense Aprilis 1906 a D. E. P. Van Duzee collectae. Ofversigt af Finska Vetenskapssocietetens Forhandlingar, 49 (5), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1907">Reuter 1907</bibRefCitation>
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: 24
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(n. gen., syn. by Carvalho, 1952:66);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA86A3FFFEF3572FCBDF8DDFBF23F8B" author="Carvalho" box="[842,1043,1905,1927]" page="142" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" year="1958">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEF3572FCBDF8DDFC053F8B" author="Carvalho" box="[842,996,1905,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. (1958) A catalogue of the Miridae of the world. Part II. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 45, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1958">Carvalho 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 142
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</treatmentCitation>
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<typeStatus id="54B2F28CFFEF3572FF60F83DFF283FAA" box="[151,201,1937,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0937ADFFEF3572FED1F83DFD4B3FAA" ID-CoL="6Z7TH" authority="Berg, 1883" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1883" box="[294,682,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Spanagonicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provincialis">
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEF3572FED1F83DFDD33FAA" box="[294,562,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Spanagonicus provincialis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEF3572FDCFF83DFD4B3FAA" author="Berg" box="[568,682,1936,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" refString="Berg, C. (1883) Addenda et emendanda ad Hemiptera Argentinae (2). Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 16, 5 - 32, 73 - 87, 105 - 125, 180 - 191, 231 - 241, 285 - 294." type="journal article" year="1883">Berg, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original description.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3131FA5FFEC3571FF60FF3BFAD038D9" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEC3571FF60FF3BFAD038D9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FF60FF3BFEF038BC" bold="true" box="[151,273,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0937ADFFEC3571FEEDFF34FE5638A3" box="[282,439,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Spanagonicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FEEDFF34FE5638A3" box="[282,439,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Spanagonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by its small size, primarily dark brown coloration, inflated first and second antennal segments, and tuft of setae on posterolateral margin of the secondary gonopore in males.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3131FA5FFEC3571FF30FF73FC413E96" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEC3571FF30FF73FEB73CE7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FF30FF73FE9538F4" bold="true" box="[199,372,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Redescription.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FE70FF73FE2038F4" box="[391,449,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FE25FF73FDF338F4" box="[466,530,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[157,1419,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus photos Spanagonicus Berg species. A. male S. albofasciatus (Reuter) B. female S. albofasciatus, macropterous C. female S. albofasciatus, brachypterous D. male S. argentinus E. female S. argentinus F. male S. aricanus G. female S. aricanus H. male S. schusterus I. female S. schusterus. J. female S. tiquensis (Image from the Museo de La Plata online holotype database). Images not to scale; see Table 2 for measurements." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240136/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A, D, F, H): Relatively small in size, generally ovoid in shape, length 2.1–2.7. COLORATION: Body dark brown to black; hemelytron light brown and nearly transparent to dark brown, sometimes with white markings on the clavus and corium; membrane brown, sometimes with lateral margins adjacent to apex of cuneus light brown to white, veins of cell dark brown; head dark brown to black; first antennal segment basally light yellow, apically dark brown to completely dark brown, second antennal segment dark brown to reddish brown; remaining segments dark brown; thorax and abdomen dark brown; evaporatory gland primarily dark brown, sometimes with light brown posterior and ventral margins; coxae and femora reddish brown to dark brown, tibiae golden to dark brown in coloration, basal tarsal segments golden to dark brown, apical segments dark brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum smooth, pronotum and scutellum impunctate. Vestiture is comprised of: simple adpressed dark brown setae covering the entire body surface; a tuft of relatively long dark setae on posterolateral surface of gonopore; two pairs of relatively long setae on interior surface of first antennal segment; and a ventral patch of spatulate attachment setae on the ventral surface of second antennal segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FA98FDC0FF443AA4" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron microscopy images of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. Lateral head and thorax view of male S. albofasciatus, B. Lateral view of second antennal segment of male S. albofasciatus, C. spatulate setae on ventral surface of second antennal segment in male S. albofasciatus, D. lateral view of female S. albofasciatus. Magnifications at base of images." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240139/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C; see Discussion). STRUCTURE: Head transverse, weakly exserted and not concave on posterior margin; eyes relatively large, taking up at least half height of head in lateral view, posterior margin of eyes partially surpasses anterior margin of pronotum; vertex visible in lateral view, interocular space less than one-half total dorsal width of head; clypeus weakly visible in dorsal view; apex of rostrum extends past hind-coxae; first antennal segment inflated, inverted-cup shaped to inverted bottle-shaped, second antennal segment inflated, ranging from mildly inflated medially to football-shaped with ventral surface with spatulate setae patch, remaining antennal segments narrow, third segment longest, fourth approximately 2/3 length of third segment; pronotal collar absent, pronotum trapezoidal, dorsally smooth, calli not visible to weakly developed, weak demarcation of anterior and posterior portions; mesonotum exposed; scutellum transverse, smooth; hemelytral margins straight, weakly tapering towards apex of wing, cuneus right-triangular in shape, well developed deflection; membrane well developed, with one cell; hind femora relatively robust; pulvilli small, parempodia setiform in tarsal claw; gonopore tapering apically, no ventral keel present, taking up less than 1/4th total area of abdomen. GENITALIA: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FF68FBEEFF023C57" box="[159,227,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[180,1419,202,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[159,1427,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Spanagonicus Berg species. Spanagonicus albofasciatus: A. endosoma, B. left paramere, C. phallotheca; S. argentinus: D. endosoma, E. left paramere, F. phallotheca; S. aricanus: G. endosoma, H. left paramere, I. phallotheca; S. schusterus n. sp.: J. endosoma, K. left paramere, L. phallotheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) Endosoma tubular, C-shaped, well developed horse-collar shaped secondary gonopore present subapically, membrane extending apically and tapering to a point (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FCFCFBCAFCB13C73" box="[779,848,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[180,1419,202,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[159,1427,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Spanagonicus Berg species. Spanagonicus albofasciatus: A. endosoma, B. left paramere, C. phallotheca; S. argentinus: D. endosoma, E. left paramere, F. phallotheca; S. aricanus: G. endosoma, H. left paramere, I. phallotheca; S. schusterus n. sp.: J. endosoma, K. left paramere, L. phallotheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, D, G, J); right paramere small, leaf-shaped with medial, apical point; left paramere typical phyline in shape, posterior arm tapering to point, angled slightly downward relative to anterior arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FDC3FB02FD9B3CCB" box="[564,634,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[180,1419,202,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[159,1427,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Spanagonicus Berg species. Spanagonicus albofasciatus: A. endosoma, B. left paramere, C. phallotheca; S. argentinus: D. endosoma, E. left paramere, F. phallotheca; S. aricanus: G. endosoma, H. left paramere, I. phallotheca; S. schusterus n. sp.: J. endosoma, K. left paramere, L. phallotheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, E, H, K); phallotheca smooth, C-shaped, relatively narrow at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FF68FB7EFF023CE7" box="[159,227,1234,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[180,1419,202,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[159,1427,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Spanagonicus Berg species. Spanagonicus albofasciatus: A. endosoma, B. left paramere, C. phallotheca; S. argentinus: D. endosoma, E. left paramere, F. phallotheca; S. aricanus: G. endosoma, H. left paramere, I. phallotheca; S. schusterus n. sp.: J. endosoma, K. left paramere, L. phallotheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F, I, L).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEC3571FF30FB5AFF283E7B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FF30FB5AFEC53D03" box="[199,292,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FEC4FB5AFE9C3D03" box="[307,381,1270,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[157,1419,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus photos Spanagonicus Berg species. A. male S. albofasciatus (Reuter) B. female S. albofasciatus, macropterous C. female S. albofasciatus, brachypterous D. male S. argentinus E. female S. argentinus F. male S. aricanus G. female S. aricanus H. male S. schusterus I. female S. schusterus. J. female S. tiquensis (Image from the Museo de La Plata online holotype database). Images not to scale; see Table 2 for measurements." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240136/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C, E, G, I, J) Ovoid in shape, sometimes brachypterous, length 2.1–2.7. COLORATION: As in males. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Second antennal segment lacking ventral spatulate setae patch, and posterolateral margin of abdomen lacking patch of long setae. Remaining surface and vestiture as in males. STRUCTURE: Interocular space relatively wider and eyes smaller in females compared to males; first antennal segment inverted bottle-shaped, second antennal segment thickened relative to other segments but not inflated as in males, third and fourth segments narrow and linear; remaining structure attributes as in males. FEMALE GENITALIA: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FEB2FA62FE683DEB" box="[325,393,1486,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1449]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1450]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female genitalia of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. anterior view of vestibulum, B. dorsal view of vestibulum, C. dorsal view of posterior wall, D. posterior view of posterior wall. sre—sclerotized rings extensions. vs—vestibular sclerites. sr—sclerotized rings. ls—lateral sclerites. pw—posterior wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240138/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) Dorsal labiate plate with small but well developed sclerotized rings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FB45FA62FB163DEB" box="[1202,1271,1486,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1449]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1450]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female genitalia of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. anterior view of vestibulum, B. dorsal view of vestibulum, C. dorsal view of posterior wall, D. posterior view of posterior wall. sre—sclerotized rings extensions. vs—vestibular sclerites. sr—sclerotized rings. ls—lateral sclerites. pw—posterior wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240138/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B), sclerotized rings surrounded by sclerites extending anteriorly and dorsally to arms of rami (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FBDEFA5EFB8D3E07" box="[1065,1132,1522,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1449]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1450]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female genitalia of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. anterior view of vestibulum, B. dorsal view of vestibulum, C. dorsal view of posterior wall, D. posterior view of posterior wall. sre—sclerotized rings extensions. vs—vestibular sclerites. sr—sclerotized rings. ls—lateral sclerites. pw—posterior wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240138/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A); posterior wall of bursa copulatrix with a pair of sclerites at sides of the posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FC4BF9BAFBE53E23" box="[956,1028,1558,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1449]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1450]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female genitalia of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. anterior view of vestibulum, B. dorsal view of vestibulum, C. dorsal view of posterior wall, D. posterior view of posterior wall. sre—sclerotized rings extensions. vs—vestibular sclerites. sr—sclerotized rings. ls—lateral sclerites. pw—posterior wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240138/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C), weakly sclerotized and weakly protruding dorsally along posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FD71F996FD283E5F" box="[646,713,1594,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1449]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1450]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female genitalia of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. anterior view of vestibulum, B. dorsal view of vestibulum, C. dorsal view of posterior wall, D. posterior view of posterior wall. sre—sclerotized rings extensions. vs—vestibular sclerites. sr—sclerotized rings. ls—lateral sclerites. pw—posterior wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240138/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D); vulva surrounded by a pair of small triangular sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133250ABFFEC3571FA98F996FF443E7B" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1449]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1450]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female genitalia of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. A. anterior view of vestibulum, B. dorsal view of vestibulum, C. dorsal view of posterior wall, D. posterior view of posterior wall. sre—sclerotized rings extensions. vs—vestibular sclerites. sr—sclerotized rings. ls—lateral sclerites. pw—posterior wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240138/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEC3571FF30F92EFC413E96" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1979]" box="[199,928,1666,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FF30F92EFEF03E97" bold="true" box="[199,273,1666,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||
Variable (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68B7995FFEC3571FE47F92EFDE23E97" box="[432,515,1666,1691]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[151,235,152,174]" captionText="TABLE 1. Host plant records of Spanagonicus albofasciatus. Sources of records: [1] Hernandez and Henry, 2010; [2] Knight, 1968; [3] Alayo, 1974; [4] Maldonado, 1969; [5] Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates)." pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.). Host records from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0937ADFFEC3571FD03F92FFC783E97" box="[756,921,1666,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Spanagonicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albisignatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FD03F92FFC783E97" box="[756,921,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">S. albisignatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3131FA5FFEC3571FF30F90AFB543EB3" box="[199,1205,1702,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEC3571FF30F90AFB543EB3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1979]" box="[199,1205,1702,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FF30F90AFE813EB3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1702,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
North and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E0CBEFFEC3571FDD0F90AFD6B3EB3" box="[551,650,1702,1727]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Caribbean, and introduced to Hawaii and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E0CBEFFEC3571FB9EF90BFB503EB3" box="[1129,1201,1703,1727]" name="Guam" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3131FA5FFEC3571FF30F966FF173FB7" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB64C2EFFEC3571FF30F966FF173FB7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FF30F966FEAD3EEF" bold="true" box="[199,332,1738,1763]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Illustrations of the male genitalia in this genus in earlier literature appear to be based on broken or impartial endosomas; all species observed in this genus thus far not only have a visible secondary gonopore (e.g. missing in illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0937ADFFEC3571FE58F8BFFDB53F27" box="[431,596,1810,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Spanagonicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albisignatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FE58F8BFFDB53F27" box="[431,596,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">S. albisignatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEC3571FD80F8BEFC7D3F27" author="Hernandez" box="[631,924,1810,1835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" refString="Hernandez, L. M. & Henry, T. J. (2010) The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia and Moscow, 212 pp." type="book" year="2010">Hernandez & Henry 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but a membranous extension that tapers into a point (e.g. missing in illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0937ADFFEC3571FDB5F89BFD063F43" box="[578,743,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Spanagonicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albisignatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D903CFFEC3571FDB5F89BFD063F43" box="[578,743,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">S. albisignatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9831DFFFEC3571FCFBF89AFC773F43" author="Schuh" box="[780,918,1846,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" refString="Schuh, R. T. (1984) Revision of the Phylinae (Hemiptera, Miridae) of the Indo-Pacific. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 177 (1), 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1984">Schuh 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When complete specimens of all species are viewed across the genus, there is little variation. The main source of variation in this genus appears to be the exterior coloration, the shape and size of the second antennal segment in males, and the level of brachyptery in the females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |