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<mods:title id="D0F4DAF84223AB5E114123C734C42670">A taxonomic revision of Anthothela (Octocorallia: Scleraxonia: Anthothelidae) and related genera, with the addition of new taxa, using morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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Moore &amp; Miller 
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Moore, Alderslade &amp; Miller
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Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., holotype: A. Colony fragments; B. Polyp bunch." captionText-1="FIGURE 43. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: A. Extended polyp; B. Polyp bunch (a. bent polyp)" captionText-10="FIGURE 52. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Portion of colony (a. projecting sclerites on calyces); B. Entire colony growing on sponge spicules; C. Extended polyp; D. Polyp head with points arrangement. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." captionText-11="FIGURE 53. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059, sclerites: A. Point; B. Neck; C. Probably intermediate. (A – C. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." captionText-12="FIGURE 54. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Tentacular sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites; C. Pinnule sclerites; D. Pharyngeal sclerites. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr P. Alderslade)." captionText-13="FIGURE 55. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059, sclerites: A. Calyx; B. Cortex. (A – B. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." captionText-2="FIGURE 44. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: A – B. Cross-section of medulla." captionText-3="FIGURE 45. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: Arrangement of sclerites in points and on polyp neck." captionText-4="FIGURE 46. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: Point." captionText-5="FIGURE 47. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: Tentacular and point sclerites in situ." captionText-6="FIGURE 48. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: A. Tentacle rachis (a. sclerites with one curved tip); B – D. Pinnules." captionText-7="FIGURE 49. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: Calyx." captionText-8="FIGURE 50. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: A. Pharynx; B. Cortex." captionText-9="FIGURE 51. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: Medulla." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842373/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842375/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/842393/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/842395/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/842397/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/842399/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842377/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/842379/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/842381/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/842383/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/842385/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/842387/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/842389/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/842391/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs. 42–55</figureCitation>
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, stn. 0 4, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E03FFF2FC68E7267905DD0D" box="[948,1070,782,807]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="55" value="113.966">113.966°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E03FFF2FB5DE72679E7DD0C" box="[1153,1228,782,807]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="570.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FB5DE72679E7DD0C" box="[1153,1228,782,807]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="570.0">570 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E03FFF2FB06E72778BCDD0D" box="[1242,1431,778,807]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2002-03-20">
<date id="FF8C103B3E03FFF2FB06E72778BCDD0D" box="[1242,1431,778,807]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2002-03-20">20th March 2002</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E03FFF2FF4BE7197903DD45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203763" collectingDate="2005-11-30" collectionCode="WAM, CSIRO" collectorName="Perth Canyon, SE &amp; RV Southern Surveyor" elevation="1000" latitude="-31.965" location="Southern Surveyor" longLatPrecision="47" longitude="115.105" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E03FFF2FF4BE7197C60DD60" bold="true" box="[151,331,817,842]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E03FFF2FF4BE7197DF4DD60" box="[151,223,817,842]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">WAM</collectionCode>
Z90585,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26C7532D3E03FFF2FE85E7197F05DD60" box="[345,558,817,842]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Perth Canyon, SE</collectorName>
Indian Ocean, 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193E03FFF2FD30E71A7E95DD60" box="[748,958,817,842]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E03FFF2FC0CE71A7908DD60" box="[976,1059,818,842]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">CSIRO</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26C7532D3E03FFF2FBECE71A7812DD63" box="[1072,1337,817,842]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
RV 
<location id="8EED60203E03FFF2FBBEE7197812DD63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E03FFFEFF4BE63E7DD2D958:8EED60203E03FFF2FBBEE7197812DD63" box="[1122,1337,817,842]" latitude="-31.965" longLatPrecision="47" longitude="115.105" name="Southern Surveyor" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Western Australia">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E03FFF2FBBEE7197812DD63" box="[1122,1337,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Southern Surveyor</emphasis>
</location>
</collectorName>
, stn. 73 (SS 
<date id="FF8C103B3E03FFF2FF60E77E7C3EDD45" box="[188,277,854,879]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="10-05-20">200510</date>
/073-020), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E03FFF2FE4CE77E7F23DD45" box="[400,520,854,879]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="5" value="-31.965">31.9650°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E03FFF2FDC8E77E7FA6DD45" box="[532,653,854,879]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="55" value="115.105">115.105°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E03FFF2FD01E77F7E1FDD45" box="[733,820,855,879]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FD01E77F7E1FDD45" box="[733,820,855,879]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E03FFF2FC9CE77F7903DD45" box="[832,1064,851,879]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2005-11-30">
<date id="FF8C103B3E03FFF2FC9CE77F7903DD45" box="[832,1064,851,879]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2005-11-30">30th November 2005</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E03FFFCFF1BE7527E65DF87" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E03FFF2FF1BE7527C70DDB9" blockId="66.[151,1437,671,2032]" box="[199,347,890,915]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E03FFF2FF1BE7527C70DDB9" bold="true" box="[199,347,890,915]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Description:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E03FFF2FF1BE7B47921DAAD" blockId="66.[151,1437,671,2032]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E03FFF2FF1BE7B47C42DD9F" bold="true" box="[199,361,924,949]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Colony form:</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="548988593E03FFF2FE7AE7B47F23DD9F" box="[422,520,924,949]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is broken into 6 small, irregular pieces of branches, all with calyces and polyps (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E03FFF2FF43E7977DD9DDF2" box="[159,242,959,984]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1995,2017]" captionTargetBox="[248,1344,193,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[236,1351,193,1973]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 42. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., holotype: A. Colony fragments; B. Polyp bunch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842373/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
A). It is not possible to confidently reconstruct the shape or size of the colony, however the slightly twisted nature of the branches and the many bifurcation points indicate the colony form was probably tangled with irregular branching. The pieces of colony range in length from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FCB7E02D7EFADA37" box="[875,977,1029,1054]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
to 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FC24E02D7976DA37" box="[1016,1117,1029,1054]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="24.6">24.6 mm</quantity>
and all are narrow (
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FA9BE02E7DEFDA6B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.2 mm</quantity>
) and relatively delicate. The branches are usually circular in cross-section although they tend to flatten or distort at bifurcation points and where calyces arise. One piece has some evidence of anastomoses. All the colony pieces are in good condition with many intact polyps and undamaged surfaces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E03FFF2FF1BE0BA7FFADB39" blockId="66.[151,1437,671,2032]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
On three of the colony pieces, calyces are crowded into clavate terminal bunches with no space between the bases (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E03FFF2FF3BE09C7C6BDAE7" box="[231,320,1204,1229]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1995,2017]" captionTargetBox="[248,1344,193,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[236,1351,193,1973]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 42. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., holotype: A. Colony fragments; B. Polyp bunch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842373/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
B). Proximal to the terminal bunches and on the remainder of the colony pieces, calyces occur sparsely, on all sides of the branches and project at right angles. There are sections of the branches which have no calyces; the largest of these spaces is 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FDE7E0D27FBADB38" box="[571,657,1274,1298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E03FFF2FF1BE13579E2DB1C" blockId="66.[151,1437,671,2032]" box="[199,1225,1309,1334]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E03FFF2FF1BE1357C0FDB1C" bold="true" box="[199,292,1309,1334]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Colour:</emphasis>
There is no record of live colour for this specimen; it is now light beige in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E03FFF2FF1BE1687E3AD89C" blockId="66.[151,1437,671,2032]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E03FFF2FF1BE1687C93DB73" bold="true" box="[199,440,1344,1369]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Polyps and Calyces:</emphasis>
Calyces are large relative to the branch diameter, and range from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FB74E168781BDB72" box="[1192,1328,1344,1369]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
in height and 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FF1AE14B7C13DB51" box="[198,312,1379,1404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
in width. They tend to be conical, and are clearly differentiated from the polyp neck and head by the arrangement and alignment of the sclerites (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E03FFF2FD40E1AD7FD9DBB4" box="[668,754,1413,1438]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="68.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1971]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[190,1397,193,1979]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 43. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: A. Extended polyp; B. Polyp bunch (a. bent polyp)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842375/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
A), which are small, crowded, arranged longitudinally and project out from the surface of the calyx giving it a prickly appearance. In contrast, immediately above the calyx lip, on the polyp neck and head much larger sclerites are arranged transversely, covering the polyp neck with no obvious thinning of the dense arrangement as is usually the case in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E03FFF2FC08E1C67964D82D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[980,1103,1518,1543]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E03FFF2FC08E1C67964D82D" box="[980,1103,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anthothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. These large sclerites continue obliquely to longitudinally up eight well-defined and quite spectacular points. All polyps are exsert with little or no invagination of the neck region and often with the polyp head bent over (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E03FFF2FB98E21C79BDD867" box="[1092,1174,1588,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="68.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1971]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[190,1397,193,1979]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 43. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: A. Extended polyp; B. Polyp bunch (a. bent polyp)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842375/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
Ba), protruding 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FA94E21D7DE8D845" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.2 mm</quantity>
from the lip of the calyx and having a diameter of approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FC7DE2707901D845" box="[929,1066,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.2 mm</quantity>
. The eight tentacles fold over the mouth of the polyp creating eight rounded ridges on the top of the polyp head. There are approximately 10 pinnules arranged in a single row along each side of the tentacles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E03FFF2FF1BE2E878B6D9DA" blockId="66.[151,1437,671,2032]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E03FFF2FF1BE2E87CE2D8F3" bold="true" box="[199,457,1728,1753]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Medulla and Cortex:</emphasis>
The branches of the colony are composed of a central medulla, made up of tightly packed longitudinally arranged sclerites, that is surrounded by a cortex that is approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E03FFF2FB16E2CC787FD8D1" box="[1226,1364,1764,1788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
thick. The cortex and medulla are separated by a crowded series of adjacent longitudinal canals which encircle the medulla, allowing it to be easily separated from the cortex. A cross-section taken at the widest available part of the branches clearly shows the boundary canals, with no obvious, internal coelenteric canals (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E03FFF2FB55E36479F7D94E" box="[1161,1244,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="69.[151,250,665,687]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,193,644]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1435,193,644]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 44. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: A – B. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842377/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
A). In a narrower part of the colony, another cross-section demonstrates the same clear boundary canals with perhaps some indistinct canals in the central medulla (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E03FFF2FE3AE3BA7F13D980" box="[486,568,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="69.[151,250,665,687]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,193,644]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1435,193,644]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 44. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: A – B. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842377/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
B) which are more likely a thinning of the sclerites rather than defined canals. The body cavities of the polyps along the branches terminate at the medulla while the gastric canals of the polyps that are arranged in bunches at the tips of some branches tend to extend internally down the branch a short distance.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733E02FFF3FF4BE3E3796ED9CB" box="[151,1093,1995,2017]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842373/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" targetBox="[248,1344,193,1969]" targetPageId="67">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E02FFF3FF4BE3E3796ED9CB" blockId="67.[151,1093,1995,2017]" box="[151,1093,1995,2017]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E02FFF3FF4BE3E37C34D9CB" bold="true" box="[151,287,1995,2017]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E02FFF3FEF9E3E37F26D9CB" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,1995,2017]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E02FFF3FEF9E3E37F26D9CB" box="[293,525,1995,2017]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E02FFF3FDCFE3E37F67D9CB" box="[531,588,1995,2017]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E02FFF3FDCFE3E37F67D9CB" bold="true" box="[531,588,1995,2017]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype: A. Colony fragments; B. Polyp bunch.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E05FFF4FF4BE3F879E3D9CC" box="[151,1224,2000,2022]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842375/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" targetBox="[196,1388,193,1971]" targetPageId="68">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E05FFF4FF4BE3F879E3D9CC" blockId="68.[151,1224,2000,2022]" box="[151,1224,2000,2022]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E05FFF4FF4BE3F87C0BD9CC" bold="true" box="[151,288,2000,2022]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 43.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E05FFF4FEF9E3F87F26D9CC" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,2000,2022]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E05FFF4FEF9E3F87F26D9CC" box="[293,525,2000,2022]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E05FFF4FDC5E3F87F79D9CC" box="[537,594,2000,2022]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E05FFF4FDC5E3F87F79D9CC" bold="true" box="[537,594,2000,2022]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype: A. Extended polyp; B. Polyp bunch (a. bent polyp)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E04FFF5FF4BE6B1792DDC85" box="[151,1030,665,687]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842377/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[159,1423,193,644]" targetPageId="69">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E04FFF5FF4BE6B1792DDC85" blockId="69.[151,1030,665,687]" box="[151,1030,665,687]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E04FFF5FF4BE6B17C34DC85" bold="true" box="[151,287,665,687]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E04FFF5FEF9E6B17F26DC85" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,665,687]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E04FFF5FEF9E6B17F26DC85" box="[293,525,665,687]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E04FFF5FDC5E6B17F79DC85" box="[537,594,665,687]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E04FFF5FDC5E6B17F79DC85" bold="true" box="[537,594,665,687]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype: A–B. Cross-section of medulla.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E04FFF5FF4BE27A79CED842" box="[151,1253,1618,1640]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842379/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[197,1386,726,1597]" targetPageId="69">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E04FFF5FF4BE27A79CED842" blockId="69.[151,1253,1618,1640]" box="[151,1253,1618,1640]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E04FFF5FF4BE27A7C34D842" bold="true" box="[151,287,1618,1640]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E04FFF5FEF9E27A7F26D842" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,1618,1640]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E04FFF5FEF9E27A7F26D842" box="[293,525,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E04FFF5FDC5E27A7F79D842" box="[537,594,1618,1640]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E04FFF5FDC5E27A7F79D842" bold="true" box="[537,594,1618,1640]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype: Arrangement of sclerites in points and on polyp neck.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E04FFF5FF1BE2A77FFFD9C6" blockId="69.[151,1437,1679,2028]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E04FFF5FF1BE2A77C1ED882" bold="true" box="[199,309,1679,1704]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sclerites:</emphasis>
The polyps and calyces are covered with a dense layer of crowded sclerites which are mostly tuberculate sticks and spindles on the polyp head and spiky thorn clubs on the calyx and colony surface. On the polyp head sclerites are very large, relative to the polyp, and are not as crowded as elsewhere on the colony. The largest sclerites are crescents or bent tuberculate hockey-sticks, with the straight, longest part of the sclerite arranged longitudinally in the points and the proximal portion curving to be transverse at the base of the points (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E04FFF5FF43E36B7DD0D976" box="[159,251,1859,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="68.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1971]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[190,1397,193,1979]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 43. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: A. Extended polyp; B. Polyp bunch (a. bent polyp)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842375/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs. 43</figureCitation>
A; 45). Some have roots (or small branches) at the base and many have a serrated, thorny tip (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E04FFF5FACEE36B784FD976" box="[1298,1380,1859,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="70.[151,250,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,193,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1435,193,1993]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 46. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: Point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842381/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
) that can project out from the polyp head and above the back of the folded tentacles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E04FFF5FBC2E34F7958D9AA" box="[1054,1139,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox="[197,1386,726,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[196,1388,724,1599]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 45. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: Arrangement of sclerites in points and on polyp neck." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842379/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). There is no true collaret, rather curved spindles are arranged transversely and obliquely down the polyp neck with no diminution of the sclerite cover at the neck area. Sclerites in the points range in size from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E04FFF5FC1EE387794DD9ED" box="[962,1126,1967,1991]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.90 mm</quantity>
approximately, while those from the neck are slightly smaller (
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).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733E07FFF6FF4BE3F77E4AD9DF" box="[151,865,2015,2037]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842381/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" targetBox="[155,1431,193,1977]" targetPageId="70">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E07FFF6FF4BE3F77E4AD9DF" blockId="70.[151,865,2015,2037]" box="[151,865,2015,2037]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E07FFF6FF4BE3F77C34D9DF" bold="true" box="[151,287,2015,2037]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E07FFF6FEF9E3F77F26D9DF" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,2015,2037]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E07FFF6FEF9E3F77F26D9DF" box="[293,525,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E07FFF6FDC5E3F77F79D9DF" box="[537,594,2015,2037]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E07FFF6FDC5E3F77F79D9DF" bold="true" box="[537,594,2015,2037]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, sclerites: Point.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E06FFF7FF4BE0577911DABF" box="[151,1082,1151,1173]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842383/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" targetBox="[151,1435,196,1121]" targetPageId="71">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E06FFF7FF4BE0577911DABF" blockId="71.[151,1082,1151,1173]" box="[151,1082,1151,1173]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E06FFF7FF4BE0577C34DABF" bold="true" box="[151,287,1151,1173]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E06FFF7FEF9E0577F26DABF" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,1151,1173]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E06FFF7FEF9E0577F26DABF" box="[293,525,1151,1173]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E06FFF7FDC5E0577F79DABF" box="[537,594,1151,1173]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E06FFF7FDC5E0577F79DABF" bold="true" box="[537,594,1151,1173]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype: Tentacular and point sclerites in situ.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E06FFF7FF1BE0957C10DBA3" blockId="71.[151,1437,1212,2029]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
From the tip of the points, sclerites continue obliquely along the tentacle rachis (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E06FFF7FBBCE094799EDAFF" box="[1120,1205,1212,1237]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1121]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[151,1435,193,1129]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: Tentacular and point sclerites in situ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842383/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). These sclerites are bent or straight tuberculate rods and sticks and spindles often with the shorter, curved end (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E06FFF7FB75E0C879D0DAD2" box="[1193,1275,1248,1273]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[177,1400,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 48. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: A. Tentacle rachis (a. sclerites with one curved tip); B – D. Pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842385/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
Aa) extending onto the tentacle flanks towards the pinnules. Straight sclerites are more commonly along the middle ridge of the tentacle rachis. The sclerites diminish in size along the tentacle; on the proximal end, the largest sclerites are approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E06FFF7FEE3E1647C88DB4E" box="[319,419,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
long grading to the distal end of the tentacle where the smallest sclerites are approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E06FFF7FF4BE1587DD0DBA2" box="[151,251,1392,1416]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E06FFF7FF1BE1BD7E19D84A" blockId="71.[151,1437,1212,2029]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
In the pinnules, sclerites are crowded longitudinally and are delicate and easily broken (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E06FFF7FB1AE1BC7835DB87" box="[1222,1310,1428,1453]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1121]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[151,1435,193,1129]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: Tentacular and point sclerites in situ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842383/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). Spatulate clubs are common, with a tapered handle and a broad, spatulate, almost leaf-like end, that is oriented distad in the pinnules (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E06FFF7FED0E1F47C4EDBDF" box="[268,357,1500,1525]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[177,1400,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 48. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: A. Tentacle rachis (a. sclerites with one curved tip); B – D. Pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842385/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
B). These sclerites vary in length from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E06FFF7FC9AE1F57EDBDBDE" box="[838,1008,1501,1525]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.22" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.32 mm</quantity>
and the handle can be narrow and cylindrical or wide and flat. The smaller sclerites grade from spatulate clubs to simple tuberculate rods. There are also short flat rods (
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E06FFF7FEAFE20D7F22D816" box="[371,521,1573,1597]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.1 mm</quantity>
long) with sparse tubercles and narrow curved sticks and spindles (
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E06FFF7FB24E20D78B7D816" box="[1272,1436,1573,1597]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.175" valueMax="0.21" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.21 mm</quantity>
long) inter-dispersed with the spatulate clubs (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E06FFF7FD41E2607FC4D84A" box="[669,751,1608,1633]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[177,1400,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 48. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: A. Tentacle rachis (a. sclerites with one curved tip); B – D. Pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842385/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
C, D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E06FFF7FF1BE2447FF6D913" blockId="71.[151,1437,1212,2029]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Calyces are covered in a dense and prickly layer of sclerites, almost all of which are small, bent, tuberculate thorn clubs (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E06FFF7FEF8E2B87C5CD882" box="[292,375,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[168,1406,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[164,1406,193,1941]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 49. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: Calyx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842387/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
), orientated with the foliaceous, thorny tips distal on the calyx and angled out from the surface giving the calyx its prickly appearance. For the smaller sclerites there is some gradation between thorn clubs and those which are less developed at the tip and could be termed a wart club. Most calyx sclerites range from 
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, however there are some smaller, straight, tuberculate sticks and spindles mingled with the thorn clubs, which only reach approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E06FFF7FDD4E3087F47D912" box="[520,620,1824,1848]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E06FFF7FF1BE36D7E13D9AB" blockId="71.[151,1437,1212,2029]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Very small sclerites with conical spines occur in the pharynx (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E06FFF7FC5EE36C7EFED977" box="[898,981,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[173,1411,193,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[170,1412,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 50. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: A. Pharynx; B. Cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842389/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
A). They are quite numerous and tend to occur in bunches. The size ranges from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E06FFF7FD89E3407FD3D9AA" box="[597,760,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.499999999999998" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.08499999999999999" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.12 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E06FFFBFF1BE3A47C4CDBBB" blockId="71.[151,1437,1212,2029]" lastBlockId="75.[151,1437,1329,2038]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
The cortex contains sclerites very similar to those in the calyx—small, bent, warty thorn clubs with quite complex, at times foliose, spear-tips (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E06FFF7FD92E3987F8ED9E3" box="[590,677,1968,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[173,1411,193,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[170,1412,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 50. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: A. Pharynx; B. Cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842389/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
B). They are tightly packed with the tips projecting out from the surface giving the branches a very prickly appearance. Size does not vary much with most of the sclerites being from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFF09E11A7C52DB63" box="[213,377,1330,1354]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.31" valueMax="0.43" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.43 mm</quantity>
long but occasionally there are some up to 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFCB5E1197EE5DB63" box="[873,974,1329,1354]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
long and as small as 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFB1EE11A7801DB63" box="[1218,1322,1330,1354]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
. Amongst these short thorn clubs are some simple, tuberculate sticks and spindles (of a similar length) but the thorn clubs are far more common.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733E09FFF8FF4BE3837DDED9CA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842385/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" targetBox="[180,1396,193,1922]" targetPageId="72">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E09FFF8FF4BE3837DDED9CA" blockId="72.[151,1436,1963,2016]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E09FFF8FF4BE3837C09D9EB" bold="true" box="[151,290,1963,1985]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 48.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E09FFF8FEF7E3837F3DD9EB" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[299,534,1963,1985]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E09FFF8FEF7E3837F3DD9EB" box="[299,534,1963,1985]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E09FFF8FDF9E3837F4AD9EB" box="[549,609,1963,1985]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E09FFF8FDF9E3837F4AD9EB" bold="true" box="[549,609,1963,1985]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, sclerites: A. Tentacle rachis (a. sclerites with one curved tip); B–D. Pinnules.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E08FFF9FF4BE3907E43D9E4" box="[151,872,1976,1998]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842387/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" targetBox="[168,1406,193,1926]" targetPageId="73">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E08FFF9FF4BE3907E43D9E4" blockId="73.[151,872,1976,1998]" box="[151,872,1976,1998]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E08FFF9FF4BE3907C34D9E4" bold="true" box="[151,287,1976,1998]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 49.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E08FFF9FEF9E3907F26D9E4" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,1976,1998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E08FFF9FEF9E3907F26D9E4" box="[293,525,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E08FFF9FDC5E3907F79D9E4" box="[537,594,1976,1998]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E08FFF9FDC5E3907F79D9E4" bold="true" box="[537,594,1976,1998]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, sclerites: Calyx.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E0BFFFAFF4BE3E47924D9C8" box="[151,1039,1996,2018]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842389/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" targetBox="[173,1411,193,1959]" targetPageId="74">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0BFFFAFF4BE3E47924D9C8" blockId="74.[151,1039,1996,2018]" box="[151,1039,1996,2018]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0BFFFAFF4BE3E47C34D9C8" bold="true" box="[151,287,1996,2018]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 50.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0BFFFAFEF9E3E47F26D9C8" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,1996,2018]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0BFFFAFEF9E3E47F26D9C8" box="[293,525,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E0BFFFAFDC5E3E47F79D9C8" box="[537,594,1996,2018]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0BFFFAFDC5E3E47F79D9C8" bold="true" box="[537,594,1996,2018]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, sclerites: A. Pharynx; B. Cortex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E0AFFFBFF4BE0DC7EABDB20" box="[151,896,1268,1290]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842391/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" targetBox="[156,1427,193,1231]" targetPageId="75">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0AFFFBFF4BE0DC7EABDB20" blockId="75.[151,896,1268,1290]" box="[151,896,1268,1290]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0AFFFBFF4BE0DC7C34DB20" bold="true" box="[151,287,1268,1290]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0AFFFBFEF9E0DC7F26DB20" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,525,1268,1290]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0AFFFBFEF9E0DC7F26DB20" box="[293,525,1268,1290]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E0AFFFBFDC5E0DC7F79DB20" box="[537,594,1268,1290]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0AFFFBFDC5E0DC7F79DB20" bold="true" box="[537,594,1268,1290]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, sclerites: Medulla.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0AFFFBFF1BE1B57878D86C" blockId="75.[151,1437,1329,2038]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
The medulla is composed of tightly packed, longitudinally arranged sclerites—mostly sparsely tuberculate sticks and spindles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFEAAE1E97CE2DBF0" box="[374,457,1473,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,193,1231]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[152,1435,193,1246]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 51. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype, sclerites: Medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842391/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). Occasionally there are larger sticks and spindles with only sparse tubercles, often with branches, forks and fused areas. Most sclerites are from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFCEEE1CD7EF2DBD7" box="[818,985,1509,1534]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.365" valueMax="0.53" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.53 mm</quantity>
long although many of those sampled showed evidence of breakage. It was difficult to ensure these long sclerites remained undamaged during sampling so the prevalence of these cannot be estimated. Occasionally there are small spindles only 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFB50E20679C9D86F" box="[1164,1250,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0AFFFBFF1BE2797E72D840" blockId="75.[151,1437,1329,2038]" box="[199,857,1617,1642]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Sclerites are uniformly transparent under transmitted light.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0AFFFCFF1BE25D7CE5DF15" blockId="75.[151,1437,1329,2038]" lastBlockId="76.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0AFFFBFF1BE25D7C6AD8A4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1653,1678]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Variation:</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0AFFFBFEA6E25E7CF6D8A4" box="[378,477,1654,1678]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, WAM 
<accessionNumber id="9461AB183E0AFFFBFDEFE25D7FA6D8A4" box="[563,653,1653,1678]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z13059" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="EnaNcbi">Z13059</accessionNumber>
, is membranous only, thinly encrusting large, straight sponge spicules (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFF43E2B17DDAD898" box="[159,241,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,517,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1435,517,1899]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 52. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Portion of colony (a. projecting sclerites on calyces); B. Entire colony growing on sponge spicules; C. Extended polyp; D. Polyp head with points arrangement. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842393/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
A, B). It is from a site close to where the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0AFFFBFD63E2B17E0AD898" box="[703,801,1689,1714]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected and was found at a similar depth. There is a similarly obvious delineation between the calyx and the polyp body (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFC60E2957925D8FC" box="[956,1038,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,517,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1435,517,1899]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 52. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Portion of colony (a. projecting sclerites on calyces); B. Entire colony growing on sponge spicules; C. Extended polyp; D. Polyp head with points arrangement. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842393/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
A, C) and no retracted polyps were noted. Straightened out, the largest polyp is 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFD5AE2C97FECD8D3" box="[646,711,1761,1786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long with the head 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFC7AE2CA7ED7D8D3" box="[934,1020,1762,1786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFBB0E2CA79E9D8D3" box="[1132,1218,1762,1786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
wide. The sclerites on the points and neck region are smaller than those of the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0AFFFBFCF7E32D7EA6D934" box="[811,909,1797,1822]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(the largest measured at 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0AFFFBFB79E32D7821D934" box="[1189,1290,1797,1822]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
) and slightly more crowded (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFE90E3017C8AD968" box="[332,417,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,517,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1435,517,1899]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 52. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Portion of colony (a. projecting sclerites on calyces); B. Entire colony growing on sponge spicules; C. Extended polyp; D. Polyp head with points arrangement. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842393/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
C, D) but the serrated ridges and thorny tubercles on the distal tips of the point sclerites resemble those of the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0AFFFBFE4EE3657CDFD94C" box="[402,500,1869,1894]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFDD9E3657F7CD94C" box="[517,599,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[155,1438,231,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[155,1439,231,1807]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 53. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059, sclerites: A. Point; B. Neck; C. Probably intermediate. (A – C. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842395/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
A) as do those sclerites from the neck (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFBC4E3657946D94C" box="[1048,1133,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[155,1438,231,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[155,1439,231,1807]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 53. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059, sclerites: A. Point; B. Neck; C. Probably intermediate. (A – C. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842395/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
B). Between each group of point sclerites there are two small intermediate sclerites which are narrow, curved spindles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFB36E3597869D9A0" box="[1258,1346,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[155,1438,231,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[155,1439,231,1807]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 53. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059, sclerites: A. Point; B. Neck; C. Probably intermediate. (A – C. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842395/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
C). The arrangement of sclerites in the tentacles is similar to that in the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0AFFFBFCBCE3BD7EE9D984" box="[864,962,1941,1966]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFC0EE3BD790FD984" box="[978,1060,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1249,1271]" captionTargetBox="[147,1427,219,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[147,1431,219,1227]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 54. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Tentacular sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites; C. Pinnule sclerites; D. Pharyngeal sclerites. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842397/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
A) with bent tuberculate rods and bars (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0AFFFBFF00E3917C1ED9F8" box="[220,309,1977,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1249,1271]" captionTargetBox="[147,1427,219,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[147,1431,219,1227]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 54. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Tentacular sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites; C. Pinnule sclerites; D. Pharyngeal sclerites. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842397/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
B) arranged obliquely along the aboral side of the tentacle rachis and down onto the flanks, diminishing in size towards the distal tip, and the pinnules packed with spatulate clubs arranged longitudinally (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0DFFFCFF43E4BF7DDFDE9A" box="[159,244,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1249,1271]" captionTargetBox="[147,1427,219,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[147,1431,219,1227]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 54. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Tentacular sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites; C. Pinnule sclerites; D. Pharyngeal sclerites. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842397/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
C). Some small rodlets with sparse, simple tubercles were found in the pharynx (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0DFFFCFB49E4BF79C1DE9A" box="[1173,1258,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1249,1271]" captionTargetBox="[147,1427,219,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[147,1431,219,1227]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 54. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Tentacular sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites; C. Pinnule sclerites; D. Pharyngeal sclerites. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842397/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
D). The calyces have well-developed, foliose thorn clubs similar to those in the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0DFFFCFCA9E4947EFCDEFF" box="[885,983,188,213]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0DFFFCFC34E4947917DEFF" box="[1000,1084,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1435,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 55. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059, sclerites: A. Calyx; B. Cortex. (A – B. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842399/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
A), which project out from the surface giving it a prickly appearance (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0DFFFCFDBCE4F77F9DDED2" box="[608,694,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,517,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1435,517,1899]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 52. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059: A. Portion of colony (a. projecting sclerites on calyces); B. Entire colony growing on sponge spicules; C. Extended polyp; D. Polyp head with points arrangement. (A – D. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842393/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
Aa). The basal membrane of the colony contains predominantly rodlets, up to 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E0DFFFCFEECE52C7CADDF36" box="[304,390,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E0DFFFCFE12E52C7F0ADF37" box="[462,545,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1435,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 55. Anthothela aldersladei n. sp., WAM Z 13059, sclerites: A. Calyx; B. Cortex. (A – B. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842399/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
B). The larger spindles and small foliose, thorn clubs shown in the lower part of this figure are not common.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0DFFFCFF1BE5647E65DF87" blockId="76.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">The other paratype colony is also membranous only, growing on straight sponge spicules, but otherwise corresponds well with the holotype. Interestingly, it is geographically separated from the other two specimens, occurring in the Perth Canyon off southern Western Australia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E0DFFFEFF1BE59F7CF7DB7F" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0DFFFCFF1BE59F7FABDFE5" blockId="76.[151,1436,151,464]" box="[199,640,439,464]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0DFFFCFF1BE59F7C49DFFA" bold="true" box="[199,354,439,464]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Distribution:</emphasis>
Western Australian coast
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733E0DFFFCFF4BE3A87C3FD9F9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842393/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" targetBox="[151,1435,517,1891]" targetPageId="76">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0DFFFCFF4BE3A87C3FD9F9" blockId="76.[151,1437,1920,2003]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0DFFFCFF4BE3A87C0BD9BC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1920,1942]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 52.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0DFFFCFEFBE3A87F24D9BC" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[295,527,1920,1942]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0DFFFCFEFBE3A87F24D9BC" box="[295,527,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E0DFFFCFDC9E3A87F64D9BC" box="[533,591,1920,1942]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0DFFFCFDC9E3A87F64D9BC" bold="true" box="[533,591,1920,1942]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, WAM 
<accessionNumber id="9461AB183E0DFFFCFD7DE3A87FD8D9BC" box="[673,755,1920,1942]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z13059" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="EnaNcbi">Z13059</accessionNumber>
: A. Portion of colony (a. projecting sclerites on calyces); B. Entire colony growing on sponge spicules; C. Extended polyp; D. Polyp head with points arrangement. (A–D. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E0CFFFDFF4BE30C7CE4D973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842395/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" targetBox="[155,1438,231,1799]" targetPageId="77">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0CFFFDFF4BE30C7CE4D973" blockId="77.[151,1436,1828,1881]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0CFFFDFF4BE30C7C08D910" bold="true" box="[151,291,1828,1850]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 53.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0CFFFDFEF0E30C7F3CD910" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[300,535,1828,1850]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0CFFFDFEF0E30C7F3CD910" box="[300,535,1828,1850]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E0CFFFDFDFDE30C7F75D910" box="[545,606,1828,1850]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0CFFFDFDFDE30C7F75D910" bold="true" box="[545,606,1828,1850]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, WAM 
<accessionNumber id="9461AB183E0CFFFDFD69E30C7E2CD910" box="[693,775,1828,1850]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z13059" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="EnaNcbi">Z13059</accessionNumber>
, sclerites: A. Point; B. Neck; C. Probably intermediate. (A–C. Courtesy of Dr. P. Alderslade).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E0FFFFEFF4BE0C97E90DB3C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842397/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" targetBox="[147,1427,219,1217]" targetPageId="78">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0FFFFEFF4BE0C97E90DB3C" blockId="78.[151,1436,1249,1302]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFF4BE0C97C08DADD" bold="true" box="[151,291,1249,1271]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 54.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFEF0E0C97F3CDADD" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[300,535,1249,1271]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFEF0E0C97F3CDADD" box="[300,535,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E0FFFFEFDFDE0C97F76DADD" box="[545,605,1249,1271]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFDFDE0C97F76DADD" bold="true" box="[545,605,1249,1271]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, WAM 
<accessionNumber id="9461AB183E0FFFFEFD69E0C97E2CDADD" box="[693,775,1249,1271]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z13059" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="EnaNcbi">Z13059</accessionNumber>
: A. Tentacular sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites; C. Pinnule sclerites; D. Pharyngeal sclerites. (A–D. Courtesy of Dr P. Alderslade).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0FFFFEFF1BE1157CF7DB7F" blockId="78.[151,1437,1341,1906]" box="[199,476,1341,1366]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFF1BE1157C32DB7C" bold="true" box="[199,281,1341,1366]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Depth:</emphasis>
570–600 metres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E0FFFFEFF1BE1497949D92C" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0FFFFEFF1BE1497951DBB7" blockId="78.[151,1437,1341,1906]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFF1BE1497C16DB50" bold="true" box="[199,317,1377,1402]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species is different to other species in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFC75E149790FDB50" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[937,1060,1377,1402]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFC75E149790FDB50" box="[937,1060,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Anthothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having such large sclerites on the neck and in the points and predominately small thorn clubs in the calyces and cortex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0FFFFEFF1BE181797ED804" blockId="78.[151,1437,1341,1906]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
The 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0FFFFEFF21E1827C76DBE8" box="[253,349,1450,1474]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is membranous only. Colony form has been such a large part of historical determinations in octocorals that linking this colony with scleraxonians which are predominantly branched is not immediately intuitive. In the absence of a medulla, the presence of spatulate clubs in the pinnules, well-developed calyces and clavate sclerites can provide a trigger to assess specimens with regards to 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFC0EE23D797ED804" box="[978,1109,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFC0EE23D797AD804" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[978,1105,1557,1582]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Anthothela</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0FFFFEFF1BE2127949D92C" blockId="78.[151,1437,1341,1906]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
It was only possible to obtain successful sequences of the two mitochondrial gene regions 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFB0CE212780CD87B" box="[1232,1319,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">mtMutS</emphasis>
and igr1– 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFF4BE2767DE7D85C" box="[151,204,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">cox1</emphasis>
from the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0FFFFEFE9CE2757C8DD85C" box="[320,422,1629,1654]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Across the length of the two gene regions combined there was only a single nucleotide difference from a clade consisting of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFD88E2AA7FD3D8B0" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[596,760,1665,1690]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFD88E2AA7FD3D8B0" box="[596,760,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFCE4E2AA7E99D8B0" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Benham" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[824,946,1665,1690]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vickersi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFCE4E2AA7E99D8B0" box="[824,946,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A. vickersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E0FFFFEFC62E2A97902D8B0" box="[958,1065,1665,1690]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFC62E2A97902D8B0" bold="true" box="[958,1065,1665,1690]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
specimens. In the phylogenetic analysis this was sufficient for the 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFDF6E28E7FE1D894" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[554,714,1701,1726]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFDF6E28E7FE1D894" box="[554,714,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A. aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E0FFFFEFD0FE28D7E3ED894" box="[723,789,1701,1726]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFD0FE28D7E3ED894" bold="true" box="[723,789,1701,1726]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
specimen to be positioned outside the 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFB05E28E7DC5D8C8" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFB05E28E7850D894" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1241,1403,1701,1726]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">A. grandiflora</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFA5BE28D7DC5D8C8" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Benham" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vickersi">A. vickersi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
clade but with low support. A single nucleotide in a single specimen may be no more than sequencing error so further attempts to sequence other specimens are necessary for a more robust result.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E0FFFFEFF1BE3397DD2D958" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E0FFFFEFF1BE3397DD2D958" blockId="78.[151,1437,1341,1906]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFF1BE3397C7AD900" bold="true" box="[199,337,1809,1834]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species is named in honour of Dr Philip Alderslade, the first author’s PhD supervisor, who originally recognised the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E0FFFFEFE65E31E7F31D964" box="[441,538,1846,1870]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
as a possible 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E0FFFFEFD67E31D7E1DD964" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[699,822,1845,1870]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E0FFFFEFD67E31D7E1DD964" box="[699,822,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Anthothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and used the specimen as the catalyst for this revision.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>