285 lines
36 KiB
XML
285 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="9B86A12E7BA70B3E3F22B3D6FF7FF67A" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FFEFFFDDFCFB22C5FB238D2F" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Sturnira tildae de la Torre 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="124" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="673B313FEA04707ACBE524368D1A0748">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3F849C7E47E69435214FB225D369EAD0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="649F52CB815C671C624A207B38401DF4">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="05E6A3821953C67092D4BA9EDDA94CA7">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2A2581BC972444205E1B0075CB7A5E82">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93218AE7CBEA2BF4C5736898DF2E2D46">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DE7B80F8789A0EAA671DCFBB7D178724">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6EB39FEFA12F3BE25DDDA1059FD93F6A">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6B4F619B81B3002171840E26F633CE42">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="47AA6AF450E3B1F36D90F78C0C9522A4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="91FA543BA75B905110B633F9EF0B60DD">237</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="18D6E36CEE1B1CD808EA041A8C0FB75D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4545052</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FFEFFFDDFCFB22C5FB238D2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546521" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FFEFFFDDFCFB22C5FB238D2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FFEFFFDDFCFB22C5FB238D2F" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFEFFFDCFCFB22C5FBC989D6" box="[777,1090,214,238]" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEFFFDCFCFB22C5FBC989D6" blockId="124.[777,1090,214,266]" box="[777,1090,214,238]" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">
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<heading id="9C47FA6AFFEFFFDCFCFB22C5FBC989D6" box="[777,1090,214,238]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFCFB22C5FBC989D6" ID-CoL="5384B" authority="de la Torre" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[777,1090,214,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFCFB22C5FC3D89D5" box="[777,950,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">Sturnira tildae</emphasis>
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de la Torre
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFEFFFDCFC9022E5FC628831" box="[866,1001,247,266]" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEFFFDCFC9022E5FC628831" blockId="124.[777,1090,214,266]" box="[866,1001,247,266]" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">
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<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FFEFFFDCFC9022E5FC628831" box="[866,1001,247,266]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="120.[120,158,1669,1690]" captionStartId-1="121.[154,192,1509,1530]" captionStartId-2="122.[120,158,1371,1392]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1120,214,1642]" captionTargetBox-1="[335,1031,214,1488]" captionTargetBox-2="[254,1037,212,1348]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@120.[170,1123,208,1648]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@121.[327,1034,208,1488]" captionTargetId-2="figure-16@122.[250,1042,208,1349]" captionTargetPageId-0="120" captionTargetPageId-1="121" captionTargetPageId-2="122" captionText-0="Fig. 48. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the skull of Sturnira lilium (AMNH 266232; male) from Paracou. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull of S. tildae (AMNH 267461; male) from Paracou. Note the species differences in incisor morphology, size and shape of the molars, and relative breadth of the mesopterygoid fossa and mastoid region. Scale bars = 10 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 49. Lateral views of the skull and lower jaw of (A) Sturnira lilium (AMNH 266232; male) and (B) S. tildae (AMNH 267461; male). Scale bars = 10 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 50. Oblique view of the lower jaw of (A) Sturnira lilium (AMNH 266232; male) and (B) S. tildae (AMNH 267461; male). Note the different morphologies of the lingual cusps on the molar teeth: lilium is characterized by tall lingual cusps that are separated by a deep vertical notch on m1 and m2; by contrast, these cusps are lower and separated by shallower notches in tildae. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545156" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545158" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545160" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4545156/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4545158/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4545160/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">Figures 48–50</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFEFFFDCFD492332FB2C8B1A" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEFFFDCFD492332FB2C8B1A" blockId="124.[670,1199,288,1455]" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFFEFFFDCFC4F2332FB2C8B1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467308" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">14 females (AMNH *266240, *266241, *266251, *267167, *267460, *268554, *268556, *268557, *268560, 268561; MNHN *1998.615, *1998.616, *1998.617, *1998.618) and 11 males (AMNH *266243, *266244, *266247, *266253, *267461, *268558, *268559; MNHN *1998.619, *1998.620, *1998.621, *1998.622); see table 45 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFEFFFDDFD49203AFE5C8D3A" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEFFFDCFD49203AFC578AA4" blockId="124.[670,1199,288,1455]" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">
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IDENTIFICATION: Characters that we found useful for distinguishing
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFC312057FBE58B67" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[963,1134,581,604]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFC312057FBE58B67" box="[963,1134,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">Sturnira tildae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFD6C2071FC898B41" box="[670,770,610,634]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFD6C2071FD268B41" box="[670,685,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFD4C2071FC898B41" box="[702,770,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">lilium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are discussed in the preceding species account and will not be repeated here. Descriptions and comparative measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFD3120A9FCA28BE9" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[707,809,698,722]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFD3120A9FD598BE9" box="[707,722,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFD1520A9FCA28BE9" box="[743,809,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">tildae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be found in
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEFFFDCFBF820A8FCF98BD4" author="Goodwin, G. G. & A. M. Greenhall" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="124" pageNumber="124" pagination="191 - 301" part="122" refId="ref94360" refString="Goodwin, G. G., and A. M. Greenhall 1961. A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 122: 191 - 301." title="A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology" type="journal article" year="1961">Goodwin and Greenhall (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEFFFDCFC7B20CAFB928BD4" author="Hill, J. E." box="[905,1049,728,751]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" pagination="553 - 572" part="28" refId="ref95469" refString="Hill, J. E. 1964. Notes on bats from British Guiana, with the description of a new genus and species of Phyllostomidae. Mammalia 28: 553 - 572." title="Notes on bats from British Guiana, with the description of a new genus and species of Phyllostomidae" type="journal article" year="1964">Hill (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEFFFDCFBDD20CAFC008A37" author="Marinkelle, C. J. & A. Cadena" journalOrPublisher="J Mammal." pageId="124" pageNumber="124" pagination="235 - 237" part="52" refId="ref97348" refString="Marinkelle, C. J., and A. Cadena 1971. Remarks on Sturnira tildae in Colombia. J Mammal. 52: 235 - 237." title="Remarks on Sturnira tildae in Colombia" type="journal article" year="1971">Marinkelle and Cadena (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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, Husson (1978),
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEFFFDCFB9720E7FC6E8A12" author="Genoways, H. H. & S. L. Williams" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="124" pageNumber="124" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways and Williams (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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, Swanepoel and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEFFFDCFD6C2122FC0D8A7C" author="Genoways, H. H. & S. L. Williams" box="[670,902,816,839]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="124" pageNumber="124" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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, Brosset and Charles Dominique (1990), and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEFFFDCFC4C215FFB218A5F" author="Ochoa, J. & P. J. Soliano & D. Lew & M. Ojeda" box="[958,1194,845,868]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" pagination="393 - 400" part="57" refId="ref98726" refString="Ochoa, J., P. J. Soliano, D. Lew, and M. Ojeda 1993. Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela. Mammalia 57: 393 - 400." title="Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela" type="journal article" year="1993">Ochoa et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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. No subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFC862179FC5D8AB9" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[884,982,874,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFC862179FC088AB9" box="[884,899,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFC662179FC5D8AB9" box="[916,982,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">tildae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are currently recognized (Koopman, 1994).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEFFFDCFD4921B7FC978DB2" blockId="124.[670,1199,288,1455]" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">
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Our Paracou material agrees well with most (not all, see below) previous qualitative descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFCA721F2FB8A8ACC" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[853,1025,992,1015]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFCA721F2FB8A8ACC" box="[853,1025,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">Sturnira tildae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and measurements of our vouchers fall within the range of size variation previously reported for the species. In all of our specimens, m1 and m2 have low lingual cusps separated by a shallow notch.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEFFFDCFD492682FC908C94" blockId="124.[670,1199,288,1455]" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">
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As noted in the preceding account,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEFFFDCFBA52682FBC78DFF" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990: 536)</bibRefCitation>
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indicat ed that some of the smaller French Guianan specimens they identified as
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFC0D26FAFB258DC4" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[1023,1198,1256,1279]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFC0D26FAFB258DC4" box="[1023,1198,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">Sturnira tildae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had lower molars with ‘‘serrated’’ lingual margins (i.e., with tall cusps separated by a deep vertical notch on each tooth), a condition not seen in our material. Their systematic conclusions also differed significantly from ours:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEFFFDDFD4A27D5FE568873" blockId="124.[696,1198,1479,1762]" lastBlockId="125.[155,656,213,328]" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">
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Several of our specimens share the measurements and characteristics of a third species described in 1980 by Davis,
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFD0827E5FCFE8F31" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[762,885,1527,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFD0827E5FCFE8F31" box="[762,885,1527,1546]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">Sturnira luisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Davis compares the morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFD25241DFD748F19" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[727,767,1551,1570]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFD25241DFD748F19" box="[727,767,1551,1570]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">luisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with that of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFC79241DFC4A8F19" box="[907,961,1551,1570]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFC79241DFC4A8F19" box="[907,961,1551,1570]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">lilium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but, concerning
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFB81241DFB238F19" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[1139,1192,1551,1570]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFB81241DFB238F19" box="[1139,1192,1551,1570]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, says nothing more than [that]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFC1B2435FB9A8F01" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[1001,1041,1575,1594]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFC1B2435FB9A8F01" box="[1001,1041,1575,1594]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFD4A242DFD668F69" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[696,749,1599,1618]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFD4A242DFD668F69" box="[696,749,1599,1618]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimens collected by us which correspond to the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFC312445FC608F51" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[963,1003,1623,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFC312445FC608F51" box="[963,1003,1623,1642]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFBAF2445FB198F51" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[1117,1170,1623,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFBAF2445FB198F51" box="[1117,1170,1623,1642]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of small size... in our series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFC02247DFBAE8FB9" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[1008,1061,1647,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFC02247DFBAE8FB9" box="[1008,1061,1647,1666]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a continuum exists between these small specimens and the bigger ones, whose size corresponds to the classical descriptions. The serrated condition of the lingual edges of the lower molars is given as distinctive of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEFFFDCFB9624DDFB078FD9" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[1124,1164,1743,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEFFFDCFB9624DDFB078FD9" box="[1124,1164,1743,1762]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="124">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Davis; the lower molars of our small specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFF6922FFFF5B883B" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[155,208,237,256]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFF6922FFFF5B883B" box="[155,208,237,256]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show the same characteristics.... This feature is characteristic of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE8F2317FE2E8823" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[381,421,261,280]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE8F2317FE2E8823" box="[381,421,261,280]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE262317FD828823" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[468,521,261,280]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE262317FD828823" box="[468,521,261,280]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFDE72317FD1B8823" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[533,656,261,280]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFDE72317FD1B8823" box="[533,656,261,280]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">Sturnira luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably represents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFEAB230FFE05880B" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[345,398,285,304]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFEAB230FFE05880B" box="[345,398,285,304]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of small size, the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFD84230FFF3A8873" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFD84230FFF3A8873" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE502327FE5C8873" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[418,471,309,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE502327FE5C8873" box="[418,471,309,328]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEEFFDDFF722376FE5C8D3A" blockId="125.[128,657,356,1763]" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">
|
||
We are not convinced by this argument, which seems to be based entirely on molar morphology and body size. The form of the skull, particularly of the zygomatic arches, is very different in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE9023C8FE2F88CA" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[354,420,474,497]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE9023C8FE2F88CA" box="[354,420,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE0223C8FDA988CA" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[496,546,474,497]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE0223C8FDA988CA" box="[496,546,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As described and figured by Davis (1980) and confirmed by our observations,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE2F2006FD848B10" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[477,527,532,555]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE2F2006FD848B10" box="[477,527,532,555]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by zygomatic arches with maxillary processes that are not bowed outward, producing a triangular appearance when the arches are seen in dorsal or ventral view. In contrast, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFECA20B5FEF18B85" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[312,378,679,702]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFECA20B5FEF18B85" box="[312,378,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE3420B5FD818B85" box="[454,522,679,702]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE3420B5FD818B85" box="[454,522,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">lilium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have outwardly bowed maxillary processes, so that the zygomatic outline appears much less triangular. The shape of the dental arcade also differs among these taxa: whereas the maxillary toothrows arch outward in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFDEA2128FDD18A6A" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[536,602,826,849]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFDEA2128FDD18A6A" box="[536,602,826,849]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFF722145FF4F8A55" box="[128,196,855,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFF722145FF4F8A55" box="[128,196,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">lilium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the upper toothrows are nearly parallel in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFF2B2166FE808AB0" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[217,267,884,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFF2B2166FE808AB0" box="[217,267,884,907]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Davis, 1980; personal obs.). Pending documentation of a graded series of intermediates between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE6021BDFE5F8AFD" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[402,468,943,966]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE6021BDFE5F8AFD" box="[402,468,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFDE021BDFDCF8AFD" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1980" box="[530,580,943,966]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFDE021BDFDCF8AFD" box="[530,580,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">luisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these morphologically distinctive taxa should still be regarded as valid species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFEEFFDDFF6F2615FB238D2F" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEEFFDDFF6F2615FE738CA6" blockId="125.[128,657,356,1763]" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">
|
||
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We recorded 54 captures (possibly including some recaptures) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFF722650FEA78D62" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[128,300,1090,1113]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFF722650FEA78D62" box="[128,300,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">Sturnira tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Paracou, of which 51 were in groundlevel mistnets and 3 were in elevated nets. Of the 51 groundlevel captures, 1 was in welldrained primary forest, 7 were in swampy primary forest, 11 were in creekside primary forest, 1 was in closedcanopy secondary growth, 27 were in manmade clearings, and 4 were over roadside puddles. Of the three elevatednet captures, one was at 5–8 m above a treefall in creekside primary forest, and the other two were at 10– 13 m above a narrow dirt road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEEFFDDFF6C27B6FF338F9C" blockId="125.[128,657,356,1763]" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Comparing groundlevel capturehabitat frequencies between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE8927D0FE578CE2" authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[379,476,1474,1497]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE8927D0FE578CE2" box="[379,476,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">Sturnira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species at Paracou (table 46), we note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE0027CDFDDC8CCD" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[498,599,1503,1526]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE0027CDFD8A8CCD" box="[498,513,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFDE727CDFDDC8CCD" box="[533,599,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was captured significantly more often in primary forest than was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFEB02408FE2C8F0A" box="[322,423,1562,1585]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFEB02408FEDA8F0A" box="[322,337,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE912408FE2C8F0A" box="[355,423,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">lilium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a result consistent with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEEFFDDFF3C242AFF468F57" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique’s (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
conclusions about these species based on sampling at other French Guianan localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEEFFDDFF6F24BCFB238D2F" blockId="125.[128,657,356,1763]" lastBlockId="125.[704,1233,757,1044]" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">
|
||
In addition to captures positively identified as either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFF0124DEFE2F8FD8" box="[243,420,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFF0124DEFE2F8FD8" box="[243,420,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">Sturnira lilium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFE2624DEFDBC8FD8" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[468,567,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE2624DEFE688FD8" box="[468,483,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFE0724DEFDBC8FD8" box="[501,567,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">tildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the characters described above, we also recorded 10 unvouchered captures of ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEEFFDDFBC32101FB198A11" authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[1073,1170,787,810]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEEFFDDFBC32101FB198A11" box="[1073,1170,787,810]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="125">Sturnira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.’’ in groundlevel mistnets: 2 in welldrained primary forest, 2 in swampy primary forest, 2 in creekside primary forest, 3 in manmade clearings, and 1 over a roadside puddle. Presumably these bats represented one or both of the species documented by our voucher material, but diagnostic traits were not recorded before the animals were released.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |