611 lines
80 KiB
XML
611 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document id="DD2FC9CEF4F78E9B39EFCF6AD3B15ADE" ID-CLB-Dataset="22324" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2013.44" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a181b793-ed62-4840-b065-95cbf0522801" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814003" ID-ZooBank="F7FD3319-AD9D-4DBB-9755-C541759C0D66" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588863564371" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Berning, Björn" docDate="2013" docId="324587E8FF85D8218A0FFA14FCCB4D54" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2013-44.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 44" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Characodoma strangulatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="CE7CFF90FF8AD8358818FFF3FFC94B01" masterDocTitle="New and little-known Cheilostomata (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata) from the NE Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698838897150" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F524ADE12389595D0FE77F0A92C3B932">New and little-known Cheilostomata (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata) from the NE Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9C29E9C374F4D94D0FE5FAD99A2CA361" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="91263A790AFE841B19DEFA7B321015D9">Berning, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A8F1383CC0A18C89535943AEBEE5DD5C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="818264BE63B41AE8CC897C115CC80BC9">
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<mods:date id="C64DAA09319CA5B79CAE3A6BEB447E43">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9CAC2E281132509D618AF20247581C67">2013-05-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6C4709EBB5A12C05AD42973A2C861EBD">44</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="15A02EB73029295E8324F7B2059FAF26" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2013.44</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="324587E8FF85D8218A0FFA14FCCB4D54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3815236" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163975779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3815236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:324587E8FF85D8218A0FFA14FCCB4D54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/324587E8FF85D8218A0FFA14FCCB4D54" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF85D83A8A0FFA14FCA64D24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D83A8A0FFA14FBD44D03" blockId="15.[535,1053,1511,1573]" box="[535,1053,1511,1538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="E11B8192FF85D83A8A0FFA14FBD44D03" box="[535,1053,1511,1538]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF85D83A8A0FFA14FBD44D03" ID-CoL="69PYV" authority="(Calvet, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[535,1053,1511,1538]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A8A0FFA14FCA54D03" bold="true" box="[535,876,1511,1538]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Characodoma strangulatum</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF85D83A8B64FA14FBDD4D03" author="Calvet" box="[892,1044,1511,1538]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="154 - 166" refId="ref12584" refString="Calvet L. 1906. Note preliminaire sur les bryozoaires recueillis par les expeditions du Travailleur (1881 - 1882) et du Talisman (1883). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 12: 154 - 166." type="journal article" year="1906">Calvet, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D83A8ADDF9F9FCA64D24" blockId="15.[535,1053,1511,1573]" box="[709,879,1546,1573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
Fig. 5,
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||
<tableCitation id="F76E0345FF85D83A8B00F9F9FCA64D24" box="[792,879,1546,1573]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="18.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@18.[189,1401,442,945]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in µm) of skeletal characters of Characodoma strangulatum (Calvet, 1906), taken from the syntype specimens MNHN 492, 493 and 2471 (see text for morphometric variability between specimens). Due tothe convex colony surface, zooecialmeasurements of the extremely elongated latero-abfrontal zooids could not be taken. SD = standard deviation, N = number of measurements." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 5</tableCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF85D83A88A5F9BEFD3A4C10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D83A88A5F9BEFD0E4D66" blockId="15.[189,711,1612,1639]" box="[189,711,1612,1639]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AFC11D0FF85D83A88A5F9BEFD0E4D66" box="[189,711,1612,1639]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitation id="3B4D10EFFF85D83A88A5F9BEFD0B4D66" author="Calvet L." box="[189,706,1612,1639]" page="158" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1906">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF85D83A88A5F9BEFD0B4D66" authority="Calvet, 1906: 158" authorityName="Calvet" authorityPageNumber="158" authorityYear="1906" box="[189,706,1612,1639]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A88A5F9BEFE2F4D67" box="[189,486,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Myriozoum strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF85D83A89F6F9BFFD0B4D66" author="Calvet" box="[494,706,1612,1639]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="154 - 166" refId="ref12584" refString="Calvet L. 1906. Note preliminaire sur les bryozoaires recueillis par les expeditions du Travailleur (1881 - 1882) et du Talisman (1883). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 12: 154 - 166." type="journal article" year="1906">Calvet, 1906: 158</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D83A88A5F97DFC634DA6" blockId="15.[189,1399,1677,1809]" box="[189,938,1677,1704]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AFC11D0FF85D83A88A5F97DFC634DA6" box="[189,938,1677,1704]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF85D83A88A5F97DFE2F4DA6" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[189,486,1677,1703]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A88A5F97DFE2F4DA6" box="[189,486,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Myriozoum strangulatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3B4D10EFFF85D83A8A1CF97EFD184DA6" author="Calvet L." box="[516,721,1677,1703]" page="427" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1907">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF85D83A8A1CF97EFD184DA6" author="Calvet" box="[516,721,1677,1703]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="355 - 495" refId="ref12626" refString="Calvet L. 1907. Bryozoaires. Expeditions scientifiques du " Travailleur " et du " Talisman " pendant les annees 1880 - 1883 8: 355 - 495." type="journal article" year="1907">Calvet 1907: 427</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 26, figs 11-12.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D83A88A5F943FE5C4DEF" blockId="15.[189,1399,1677,1809]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AFC11D0FF85D83A88A5F943FE5C4DEF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF85D83A88A5F943FDC54DCB" ID-CoL="VWVS" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[189,524,1712,1738]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Cleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A88A5F943FDC54DCB" box="[189,524,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cleidochasma strangulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3B4D10EFFF85D83A8A29F943FCFC4DCB" author="Harmelin J. - G." box="[561,821,1712,1739]" page="1067" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1977">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF85D83A8A29F943FCFC4DCB" author="Harmelin" box="[561,821,1712,1739]" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref13094" refString="Harmelin J. - G. 1977. Bryozoaires du Banc de la Conception (nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I du " Jean Charcot ". Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3 e serie 492: 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin 1977: 1067</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, text-fig. 25, pl. 2, figs 1, 4, 7. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3B4D10EFFF85D83A8CFEF943FE584DEF" author="Harmelin J. - G. & d'Hondt J. - L." page="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1992">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF85D83A8CFEF943FE584DEF" author="Harmelin & d'Hondt" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="23 - 67" refId="ref13219" refString="Harmelin J. - G. & d'Hondt J. - L. 1992. Bryozoaires des parages de Gibraltar (campagne oceanographique BALGIM, 1984). 1 - Cheilostomes. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 e serie 14: 23 - 67." type="journal article" year="1992">Harmelin & d‘Hondt 1992: 29</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D83A88A5F904FD3A4C10" blockId="15.[189,1399,1677,1809]" box="[189,755,1783,1809]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AFC11D0FF85D83A88A5F904FD3A4C10" box="[189,755,1783,1809]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF85D83A88A5F904FDC14C10" ID-CoL="69PYV" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[189,520,1783,1809]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A88A5F904FDC14C10" box="[189,520,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Characodoma strangulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3B4D10EFFF85D83A8A3EF904FD264C10" author="Rosso A." box="[550,751,1783,1809]" page="429" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1999">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF85D83A8A3EF904FD264C10" author="Rosso" box="[550,751,1783,1809]" firstAuthor="Rosso" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="415 - 437" refId="ref14342" refString="Rosso A. 1999. Recent and fossil species of Characodoma Maplestone, 1900 (Bryozoa) from the Mediterranean with description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 33 (3): 415 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300326" type="journal article" year="1999">Rosso 1999: 429</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF85D82588A5F8CBFC6D4809" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D83A88A5F8CBFE634C53" blockId="15.[189,426,1848,1874]" box="[189,426,1848,1874]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<heading id="E11B8192FF85D83A88A5F8CBFE634C53" bold="true" box="[189,426,1848,1874]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A88A5F8CBFE634C53" bold="true" box="[189,426,1848,1874]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D83A88F2F894FE544C80" blockId="15.[189,1399,1895,2027]" box="[234,413,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A88F2F894FE544C80" bold="true" box="[234,413,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF85D83A88F2F894FE864C80" box="[234,335,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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||
series
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF85D82588A5F878FED44A6D" blockId="15.[189,1399,1895,2027]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1399,267,364]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF85D83A88A5F878FEDE4CA4" box="[189,279,1931,1957]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
492, a single colony fragment on slide,
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||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A8AFBF879FCAE4CA5" box="[739,871,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Travailleur</emphasis>
|
||
Dr. 49,
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||
<date id="CE52103EFF85D83A8BD0F878FB9E4CA5" box="[968,1111,1930,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1882-08-07">7 Aug. 1882</date>
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||
, Canary Islands,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF85D83A8D06F879FAAB4CA4" box="[1310,1378,1930,1957]" degrees="29" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55555" value="29.0">29° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF85D83A88A5F85EFEE44CC9" box="[189,301,1965,1992]" degrees="16" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-16.133333">16°08’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF85D83A8920F85EFE5A4CC9" box="[312,403,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF85D83A8987F85DFE304CC9" box="[415,505,1966,1992]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
493, a single colony fragment on slide,
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A8BD1F85EFB844CC6" box="[969,1101,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Travailleur</emphasis>
|
||
Dr. 38,
|
||
<date id="CE52103EFF85D83A8CB2F85EFAF24CC6" box="[1194,1339,1965,1991]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1882-07-30">30 Jul. 1882</date>
|
||
, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF85D83A88A5F822FEE34CEA" box="[189,298,2001,2027]" name="Morocco" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF85D83A892DF822FE074CEA" box="[309,462,2001,2027]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="30" value="34.225002">34°13’30’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF85D83A89F4F822FD944CEA" box="[492,605,2001,2027]" degrees="07" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-7.7166667">07°43’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF85D83A8A70F823FD7F4CEA" box="[616,694,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.36" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="636.0">636 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF85D83A8ADAF822FCD54CEA" box="[706,796,2001,2027]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
947, a single colony fragment on slide,
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF85D83A8CEAF823FABF4CEB" box="[1266,1398,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Travailleur</emphasis>
|
||
Dr. 38,
|
||
<date id="CE52103EFF9AD8258902FEF8FE784A24" box="[282,433,267,293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1882-07-30">30 Jul. 1882</date>
|
||
, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF9AD82589E1FEFFFDAF4A27" box="[505,614,268,294]" name="Morocco" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF9AD8258A6CFEF8FCD94A27" box="[628,784,267,294]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="30" value="34.225002">34°13’30’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF9AD8258B2AFEF8FC6C4A27" box="[818,933,267,294]" degrees="07" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-7.7166667">07°43’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF9AD8258BABFEF8FBCA4A27" box="[947,1027,267,294]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.36" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="636.0">636 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF9AD8258C09FEFFFBA24A27" box="[1041,1131,268,294]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2471, a single colony fragment on slide,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9AD8258981FEDCFDF84A48" authority="Dr." authorityName="Dr." box="[409,561,303,329]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD8258981FEDCFDCD4A48" box="[409,516,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Talisman</emphasis>
|
||
Dr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
96,
|
||
<date id="CE52103EFF9AD8258A7CFEDDFD3E4A48" box="[612,759,302,329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1883-07-15">15 Jul. 1883</date>
|
||
, off Cap d’Arguin (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF9AD8258BC6FEDDFBAC4A48" box="[990,1125,302,329]" name="Mauritania" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF9AD8258C61FEDCFB2A4A48" box="[1145,1251,303,329]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="19.3">19°18’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF9AD8258D19FEDCFABB4A48" box="[1281,1394,303,329]" degrees="18" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-18.016666">18°01’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF9AD82588A5FEA1FED04A6D" box="[189,281,338,364]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="2330.0">2330 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9AD82588F2FE60FE6F4AAC" blockId="16.[189,1398,403,535]" box="[234,422,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD82588F2FE60FE6F4AAC" bold="true" box="[234,422,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9AD82588A5FE44FDF74916" blockId="16.[189,1398,403,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF9AD82588A5FE44FEDE4AD0" box="[189,279,439,465]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
15487, several colony fragments,
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD8258ABAFE45FD3E4AD1" box="[674,759,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Balgim</emphasis>
|
||
DW07,
|
||
<date id="CE52103EFF9AD8258B40FE45FC3A4AD1" box="[856,1011,438,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1984-05-29">29 May 1984</date>
|
||
, SW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF9AD8258C36FE45FB5D4AD1" box="[1070,1172,438,464]" name="Portugal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF9AD8258C87FE45FAD44AD0" box="[1183,1309,438,465]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="46.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="36.768333">36°46.1’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF9AD8258D2FFE45FF104AF5" degrees="9" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-9.45">9°27’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF9AD82588FEFE29FE4C4AF5" box="[230,389,474,500]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1415" metricValueMax="1.144" metricValueMin="1.139" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1141.5" valueMax="1144.0" valueMin="1139.0">1139-1144 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF9AD825898AFE29FE254AF5" box="[402,492,474,500]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
19804, several colony fragments,
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD8258B9DFE29FC134AF5" box="[901,986,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Balgim</emphasis>
|
||
CP92,
|
||
<date id="CE52103EFF9AD8258C2BFE29FB764AF5" box="[1075,1215,474,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1984-06-08">8 Jun. 1984</date>
|
||
, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF9AD8258D1DFE29FABB4AF5" box="[1285,1394,474,500]" name="Morocco" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF9AD82588A5FE0EFEF44916" box="[189,317,509,535]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="24.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="34.405">34°24.3’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD85039FF9AD8258943FE0EFE1A4916" box="[347,467,509,535]" degrees="7" direction="west" minutes="30.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="-7.505">7°30.3’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF9AD82589C7FE0EFDF34916" box="[479,570,509,535]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.182" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1182.0">1182 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9AD82588A5FDCDFC6D4809" blockId="16.[189,1399,574,777]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
While clearly stating that the original material comprised specimens from the Travailleur (stations Dr. 38, 49) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9AD825895FFD92FE7B497A" box="[327,434,609,635]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Talisman</taxonomicName>
|
||
(station Dr. 96) cruises,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9AD8258AC8FD92FCA3497A" author="Calvet" box="[720,874,609,635]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="154 - 166" refId="ref12584" refString="Calvet L. 1906. Note preliminaire sur les bryozoaires recueillis par les expeditions du Travailleur (1881 - 1882) et du Talisman (1883). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 12: 154 - 166." type="journal article" year="1906">Calvet (1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9AD8258B6EFD91FC7B497D" author="Calvet" box="[886,946,610,636]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="355 - 495" refId="ref12626" refString="Calvet L. 1907. Bryozoaires. Expeditions scientifiques du " Travailleur " et du " Talisman " pendant les annees 1880 - 1883 8: 355 - 495." type="journal article" year="1907">1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) did not indicate type specimens when introducing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9AD8258954FD76FDBC499E" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[332,629,645,671]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD8258954FD76FDBC499E" box="[332,629,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Myriozoum strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The listing of
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF9AD8258B32FD76FC4D499E" box="[810,900,645,671]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
2471 as “
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF9AD8258BE0FD76FBA0499E" box="[1016,1129,645,671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
” by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9AD8258CB8FD76FEC249C3" author="Tricart & d'Hondt" firstAuthor="Tricart" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref14597" refString="Tricart S. & d'Hondt J. - L. 2009. Catalogue des specimens-types de Bryozoaires, Brachiopodes, Pterobranches et Enteropneustes du Departement " Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques " (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris). Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux 11: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="2009">Tricart & d’Hondt (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was obviously for mere curatorial purposes and violates Article 74.7.3 (see also Declaration 44) of the
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCFDAE3BFF9AD8258912FD38FE8749E4" box="[266,334,715,741]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
Code. This designation is thus considered invalid. For reasons given below, I refrain here from choosing as
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF9AD8258996FD1DFE334809" box="[398,506,750,776]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
a specimen from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF9AD8258AEFFD1CFC9B4808" box="[759,850,751,777]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF9AD82588A5FCDDFBB9488E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9AD82588A5FCDDFBB9488E" blockId="16.[189,1398,814,911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Sampling positions of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9AD8258A1CFCDDFDA64849" box="[516,623,814,840]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD8258A1CFCDDFDA64849" box="[516,623,814,840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Talisman</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD8258AAAFCDDFCFF4849" box="[690,822,814,840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Travailleur</emphasis>
|
||
cruises, the longitudes of which were initially measured with reference to the Paris meridian, have here been corrected to the Greenwich meridian by subtracting 2°20’14’’ from the longitude originally given (
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD8258B71FC86FCB7488E" box="[873,894,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9AD8258B95FC87FBAA488E" author="Ryland" box="[909,1123,884,911]" firstAuthor="Ryland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="205 - 260" refId="ref14394" refString="Ryland J. S. 1969. A nomenclatural index to " A History of the British Marine Polyzoa " by T. Hincks (1880). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 17: 205 - 260." type="journal article" year="1969">Ryland 1969: 238</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF9AD82488A5FC47FC6B4939" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9AD82588A5FC47FE8748CF" blockId="16.[189,334,948,974]" box="[189,334,948,974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="E11B8192FF9AD82588A5FC47FE8748CF" bold="true" box="[189,334,948,974]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD82588A5FC47FE8748CF" bold="true" box="[189,334,948,974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9AD82588A5FC10FD384D55" blockId="16.[189,1399,995,1620]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Colony presumably cellarinelliform (
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9AD8258A69FC17FD7B48FC" box="[625,690,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9AD8258AA1FC17FC8F48FC" author="Rosso" box="[697,838,995,1022]" firstAuthor="Rosso" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref14313" refString="Rosso A. 1992. Bryozoa from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Oceanografia in Antartide, pp. 359 - 369, Concepcion." type="book" year="1992">Rosso 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Rods up to about
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF9AD8258C3EFC10FBA948FF" box="[1062,1120,995,1022]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length, cylindrical to oval in cross-section with constrictions at irregular intervals (Fig. 5A-E), which result from breakage and regeneration of the colony, or from a reduction in the number of distally budded zooids; ramifications or rhizoids were not observed; in fully developed colony parts, 3 zooids are simultaneously budded distally, and the rods are composed of an abfrontal side devoid of orifices on about one-fourth of the total perimeter (Fig. 5H), with the zooids opening at the latero-frontal sides (Fig. 5E) and being arranged in a plaited manner along the rod axis, i.e., zooids aligned in 3 alternating longitudinal series on each side of a median frontal (zigzag) line; all zooids inclined at about 45° to rod axis, pointing towards the median frontal line (Fig. 5E, G, J). The zooids in these 3 series are polymorphic and decrease in size towards the median frontal line: the abfrontal side is exclusively composed of the extremely elongated proximal parts of the latero-abfrontally positioned series of zooecia of each side (Fig. 5H), while the distal parts of these zooecia are bent around the rod axis and open along the lateral sides; zooecium shape very elongated hexagonal; the intermediate lateral series consist of distinctly shorter subrhomboidal zooecia (Fig. 5E, G, J), abutting distally against a zooecium of the median series from the other side of the median frontal line; zooecia of the median series even shorter and subhexagonal (Fig. 5E, G), opening at an angle of almost 90° with respect to the latero-abfrontal zooecia. In between zooids at the median line, an orbicular opening is occasionally present that presumably marks the heterozooid from which a rhizoid is produced for colony support (Fig. 5J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9AD82588A5F98AFDBA4CAC" blockId="16.[189,1399,1657,1965]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">All zooecia separated by shallow grooves and indistinct meandering sutures owing to secondary calcification during later ontogeny; frontal shield slightly convex, distally forming a swollen, salient rim around distolateral orifice, surface distinctly nodular (Fig. 5G); few areolar pores of variable shape, usually situated in zooecial corners. Primary orifice somewhat immersed, situated at quite a distance to the distal zooecial margin (Fig. 5G), cleithridiate, slightly longer than wide, with a large suborbicular poster comprising about three quarters of a full circle and a very broadly U-shaped anter of about onethird of total orifice length and over half of orifice width, delimited by very short proximomedially directed condyles (Fig. 5F); orifice dimensions smaller in zooids of the median series than in those of the lateral and latero-abfrontal series.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9BD82488A5FEF8FDCC4A24" blockId="17.[189,517,267,294]" box="[189,517,267,294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ovicells were not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9BD82488A5FEB8FC6B4939" blockId="17.[189,1399,331,569]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Avicularia adventitious, small, transversely elliptical, usually two per zooecium (Fig. 5E, G, I-J): one in the distolateral corner that is closer to the median frontal line, and another one usually at the proximolateral zooecial margin; the latero-abfrontal zooids may have another avicularium at the very proximal zooecial margin; cystid slightly raised during early ontogeny, later levelled by secondary calcification. Rostrum much wider than long, semi-elliptical, with a slightly raised smooth distal rim, directed distolaterally (distal avicularia) or proximolaterally (proximal avicularia); crossbar complete, without columella; proximal uncalcified area transversely oval.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="EE936676FF98D82788A5FEFFFA8C4A99" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[290,1350,457,942]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF98D82788A5FEFFFA8C4A99" blockId="18.[189,1399,267,408]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D82788A5FEFFFEEB4A27" bold="true" box="[189,290,268,294]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in µm) of skeletal characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF98D8278B74FEF8FABB4A27" authority="(Calvet, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[876,1394,267,294]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278B74FEF8FB734A24" box="[876,1210,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Characodoma strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF98D8278CD4FEF8FAA04A27" author="Calvet" box="[1228,1385,267,294]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="154 - 166" refId="ref12584" refString="Calvet L. 1906. Note preliminaire sur les bryozoaires recueillis par les expeditions du Travailleur (1881 - 1882) et du Talisman (1883). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 12: 154 - 166." type="journal article" year="1906">Calvet, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, taken from the syntype specimens MNHN 492, 493 and 2471 (see text for morphometric variability between specimens). Due to the convex colony surface, zooecial measurements of the extremely elongated latero-abfrontal zooids could not be taken. SD = standard deviation, N = number of measurements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF98D8278B0CFE3AFAF648AF" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<table id="C8ECC45EFF9827CA893AFE3AFA8F48AF" box="[290,1350,457,942]" colsContinueFrom="14.[201,1356,490,809]" gridcols="5" gridrows="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFE3AFA8F4AE2" box="[290,1350,457,483]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFE3AFC9E4AE2" box="[788,855,457,483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFE3AFC104AE2" box="[948,985,457,483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFE3AFB7D4AE2" box="[1106,1204,457,483]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Range</th>
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FE3AFA8F4AE2" box="[1321,1350,457,483]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFE01FA8F490F" box="[290,1350,498,526]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFE01FD40490F" box="[290,649,498,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zooid length (median zooids)</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFE01FC9E490F" box="[788,855,498,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">447</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFE01FC10490F" box="[948,985,498,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">22</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFE01FB7D490F" box="[1106,1204,498,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">421-468</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FE01FA8F490F" box="[1321,1350,498,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFDEFFA8F4936" box="[290,1350,540,567]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFDEFFD404936" box="[290,649,540,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zooid width (median zooids)</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFDEFFC9E4936" box="[788,855,540,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">375</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFDEFFC104936" box="[948,985,540,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">17</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFDEFFB7D4936" box="[1106,1204,540,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">356-396</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FDEFFA8F4936" box="[1321,1350,540,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFDB5FA8F4960" box="[290,1350,582,609]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFDB5FD404960" box="[290,649,582,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Orifice length (median zooids)</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFDB5FC9E4960" box="[788,855,582,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">112</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFDB5FC104960" box="[948,985,582,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFDB5FB7D4960" box="[1106,1204,582,609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">113-107</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FDB5FA8F4960" box="[1321,1350,582,609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFD9CFA8F498A" box="[290,1350,623,651]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFD9CFD40498A" box="[290,649,623,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Orifice width (median zooids)</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFD9CFC9E498A" box="[788,855,623,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">103</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFD9CFC10498A" box="[948,985,623,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFD9CFB7D498A" box="[1106,1204,623,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">96-107</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FD9CFA8F498A" box="[1321,1350,623,651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFD6AFA8F49B5" box="[290,1350,665,692]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFD6AFD4049B5" box="[290,649,665,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zooid length (lateral zooids)</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFD6AFC9E49B5" box="[788,855,665,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">587</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFD6AFC1049B5" box="[948,985,665,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">37</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFD6AFB7D49B5" box="[1106,1204,665,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">523-648</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FD6AFA8F49B5" box="[1321,1350,665,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFD30FA8F49DF" box="[290,1350,707,734]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFD30FD4049DF" box="[290,649,707,734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zooid width (lateral zooids)</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFD30FC9E49DF" box="[788,855,707,734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">368</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFD30FC1049DF" box="[948,985,707,734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">37</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFD30FB7D49DF" box="[1106,1204,707,734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">304-422</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FD30FA8F49DF" box="[1321,1350,707,734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFD1EFA8F4809" box="[290,1350,749,776]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFD1EFD404809" box="[290,649,749,776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Orifice length (lateral zooids)</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFD1EFC9E4809" box="[788,855,749,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">133</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFD1EFC104809" box="[948,985,749,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">7</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFD1EFB7D4809" box="[1106,1204,749,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">120-142</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FD1EFA8F4809" box="[1321,1350,749,776]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFCE5FA8F4830" box="[290,1350,790,817]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFCE5FD404830" box="[290,649,790,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Orifice width (lateral zooids)</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFCE5FC9E4830" box="[788,855,790,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">120</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFCE5FC104830" box="[948,985,790,817]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">6</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFCE5FB7D4830" box="[1106,1204,790,817]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">116-131</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FCE5FA8F4830" box="[1321,1350,790,817]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFCB3FA8F485A" box="[290,1350,832,859]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFCB3FD40485A" box="[290,649,832,859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Avicularium length</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFCB3FC9E485A" box="[788,855,832,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">45</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFCB3FC10485A" box="[948,985,832,859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFCB3FB7D485A" box="[1106,1204,832,859]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">36-54</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FCB3FA8F485A" box="[1321,1350,832,859]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFC99FA8F4884" box="[290,1350,874,901]" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFC99FD404884" box="[290,649,874,901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Avicularium width</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFC99FC9E4884" box="[788,855,874,901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">67</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFC99FC104884" box="[948,985,874,901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">6</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFC99FB7D4884" box="[1106,1204,874,901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">56-78</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FC99FA8F4884" box="[1321,1350,874,901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04DC34BCFF9827CA893AFC60FA8F48AF" box="[290,1350,915,942]" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="470D5DC0FF9827CA893AFC60FD4048AF" box="[290,649,915,942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Branch diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8B0CFC60FC9E48AF" box="[788,855,915,942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">776</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8BACFC60FC1048AF" box="[948,985,915,942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">62</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8C4AFC60FB7D48AF" box="[1106,1204,915,942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">678-860</td>
|
||
<td id="470D5DC0FF9827CA8D31FC60FA8F48AF" box="[1321,1350,915,942]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2F66575FF98D82188A5FBCFFCCB4D54" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF98D82788A5FBCFFD524CE8" blockId="18.[189,1399,1083,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D82788A5FBCFFE4F4F54" bold="true" box="[189,390,1083,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5 (page 18).</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF98D8278996FBCFFC594F56" authority="(Calvet, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[398,912,1084,1111]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278996FBCFFD134F57" box="[398,730,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Characodoma strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF98D8278AF2FBCFFC4E4F56" author="Calvet" box="[746,903,1084,1111]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="154 - 166" refId="ref12584" refString="Calvet L. 1906. Note preliminaire sur les bryozoaires recueillis par les expeditions du Travailleur (1881 - 1882) et du Talisman (1883). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 12: 154 - 166." type="journal article" year="1906">Calvet, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278B83FBCFFC794F57" bold="true" box="[923,944,1084,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Latero-abfrontal view of MNHN 492 (Canary Islands) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF98D8278A1CFB91FD964F7D" box="[516,607,1122,1148]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series, which is affected by Bynesian decay.
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278C8CFB91FB614F7D" bold="true" box="[1172,1192,1122,1148]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of MNHN 493 (NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF98D827898AFB7AFE374FA2" box="[402,510,1161,1187]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF98D8278A6FFB7AFD1B4FA2" box="[631,722,1161,1187]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series, a mature colony in which the zooecia are frontally thickened by secondary calcification; the abfrontal part (to the left) and the autozooecia from the opposite side cannot be seen in this view.
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278A27FB27FD9D4FEF" bold="true" box="[575,596,1236,1262]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of MNHN 2471 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF98D8278BD1FB27FB874FEE" box="[969,1102,1236,1263]" name="Mauritania" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF98D8278CD1FB26FAED4FEE" box="[1225,1316,1237,1263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series; the constriction in this colony was caused by zooid regeneration after damage and does not mark a conventional constriction in growth as seen in other specimens (photo: P. Kuklinski).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278CD5FAD2FB2B4E3A" bold="true" box="[1229,1250,1313,1339]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
|
||
. A long rod with reversed polarity growth after damage at the colony centre, the lower half representing the primary colony from which the upper part was budded; in both parts growth constrictions occur that did not result from colony breakage (MNHN 19804, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF98D8278B08FA60FCB74EAC" box="[784,894,1427,1453]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
; photo: J. Souto).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278C4FFA60FBA24EAC" bold="true" box="[1111,1131,1427,1453]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of the same specimen in lateral view showing ontogenetically young zooids that lack secondary calcification; the three differently positioned, polymorphic autozooids are indicated as “la” (elongated latero-abfrontal zooids), “l” (lateral zooids of intermediate size), and “m” (small median zooids) (MNHN 19804, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF98D82788A5F9DFFEE24D47" box="[189,299,1580,1606]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
; photo: J. Souto).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D82789E0F9DFFDC34D47" bold="true" box="[504,522,1580,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Orifice (MNHN 492, Canary Islands); the calcium acetate crystals growing on the skeletal surface are the result of Bynesian decay owing to the specimen having been kept enclosed in a wooden slide in relatively humid conditions.
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278AEFF98BFCC74D93" bold="true" box="[759,782,1656,1682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Late ontogenetic polymorphic autoozooids (MNHN 493, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF98D8278936F96DFE544DB9" box="[302,413,1694,1720]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
); see E for abbreviations.
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278AD4F96DFD2A4DB9" bold="true" box="[716,739,1694,1720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H</emphasis>
|
||
. The colony growth margin of another colony of sample MNHN 19804 (NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF98D82789B4F936FDD14DDE" box="[428,536,1733,1759]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
) with two zooids having been budded after a normal constriction in colony diameter; view of the abfrontal side of the rod with the extremely elongated latero-abfrontal zooid; the orifice is to the left whereas its proximal margin is at the very right (arrow) (photo: J. Souto).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278D01F8E3FAED4C2B" bold="true" box="[1305,1316,1808,1834]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Close up of two avicularia (MNHN 19804, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF98D8278AABF8C4FCE84C50" box="[691,801,1847,1873]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
; photo: J. Souto).
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF98D8278BE3F8C4FBC34C50" bold="true" box="[1019,1034,1847,1873]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Yet another colony of sample MNHN 19804 (NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF98D82789A8F8AEFDD54C76" box="[432,540,1885,1911]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
) showing the approximate median line at which zooids from both colony sides meet; note the orbicular opening of a kenozooid at the median line from which a rhizoid for colony attachment presumably originates (arrow) (photo: J. Souto). Scale bars: A-C, E, H, J =
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF98D8278CB6F85AFAC54CC2" box="[1198,1292,1961,1987]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
|
||
; D =
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF98D8278D52F85AFF214CE8" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 µm</quantity>
|
||
; F =
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF98D827893CF83CFEBA4CE8" box="[292,371,1999,2025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
|
||
; G =
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF98D82789ACF83CFDDB4CE8" box="[436,530,1999,2025]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
; I =
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF98D8278A50F83CFD5E4CE8" box="[584,663,1999,2026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF99D82688A5FEF8FC924A24" blockId="19.[189,859,267,294]" box="[189,859,267,294]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Early astogenetic stages absent in the examined material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF99D82688A5FEBEFEE64A66" blockId="19.[189,303,333,359]" box="[189,303,333,359]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="E11B8192FF99D82688A5FEBEFEE64A66" bold="true" box="[189,303,333,359]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D82688A5FEBEFEE64A66" bold="true" box="[189,303,333,359]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF99D82688A5FE8FFDB04922" blockId="19.[189,1399,379,547]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
In a revision of the Mediterranean species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D8268B92FE88FAD54A94" authority="Maplestone, 1900" authorityName="Maplestone" authorityYear="1900" box="[906,1308,379,405]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D8268B92FE88FBFB4A94" box="[906,1074,379,405]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Characodoma</emphasis>
|
||
Maplestone, 1900
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF99D8268D37FE8FFE804AB8" author="Rosso" firstAuthor="Rosso" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="415 - 437" refId="ref14342" refString="Rosso A. 1999. Recent and fossil species of Characodoma Maplestone, 1900 (Bryozoa) from the Mediterranean with description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 33 (3): 415 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300326" type="journal article" year="1999">Rosso (1999: 429)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D82689E0FE6CFCEA4AB8" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[504,803,415,441]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D82689E0FE6CFCEA4AB8" box="[504,803,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Myriozoum strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to this genus when describing the closely related Pleistocene species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D82689BCFE31FCA04ADD" authority="Rosso, 1999" authorityName="Rosso" authorityYear="1999" box="[420,873,450,476]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reclinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D82689BCFE31FD194ADD" box="[420,720,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Characodoma reclinatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF99D8268ACEFE31FCA04ADD" author="Rosso" box="[726,873,450,476]" firstAuthor="Rosso" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="415 - 437" refId="ref14342" refString="Rosso A. 1999. Recent and fossil species of Characodoma Maplestone, 1900 (Bryozoa) from the Mediterranean with description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 33 (3): 415 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300326" type="journal article" year="1999">Rosso, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the characteristic ovicell could not be observed on any of the available material, the general zooidal and zoarial features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D8268CA1FE16FABF4AFE" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[1209,1398,485,511]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D8268CA1FE16FABF4AFE" box="[1209,1398,485,511]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
correspond to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D82689D2FDFBFDBB4923" authorityName="Maplestone" authorityYear="1900" box="[458,626,520,546]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D82689D2FDFBFDBB4923" box="[458,626,520,546]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Characodoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF99D82688A5FDB9FCD04F72" blockId="19.[189,1399,585,1140]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
However, there are serious problems concerning the specific taxonomic identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D8268C9EFDB9FA8A4965" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[1158,1347,586,612]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D8268C9EFDB9FA8A4965" box="[1158,1347,586,612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that arise from the specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268A59FD9EFD554986" box="[577,668,621,647]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series. 1) The four
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268B94FD9EFC3A4986" box="[908,1011,621,647]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are small colony fragments that are very poorly preserved. Specimen MNHN 947 is strongly affected by Bynesian decay and could not be studied in detail. MNHN 492 and 493 are also affected to varying degrees but some characters are still visible, while in MNHN 2471 all openings are filled with sediment. 2) Important species-specific characters are either entirely lacking in these specimens (e.g., ovicells) or are mostly obscured, such as the primary orifices, which are concealed by opercula in MNHN 493, or filled with sediment in MNHN 2471. Cleaning or bleaching of the specimens is presumably impossible without damaging or destroying the fragile colonies. Moreover, as they are glued onto slides, only a restricted number of measurements could be taken (cf.
|
||
<tableCitation id="F76E0345FF99D8268987FC75FE3148A0" box="[415,504,902,929]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="18.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@18.[189,1401,442,945]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in µm) of skeletal characters of Characodoma strangulatum (Calvet, 1906), taken from the syntype specimens MNHN 492, 493 and 2471 (see text for morphometric variability between specimens). Due tothe convex colony surface, zooecialmeasurements of the extremely elongated latero-abfrontal zooids could not be taken. SD = standard deviation, N = number of measurements." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
, and see below). 3) The specimens are from widely distant locations, with a distance of over
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF99D8268999FC59FE1348C2" box="[385,474,937,964]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="800.0">800 km</quantity>
|
||
between each of the three sampling regions (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF99D8268BE8FC5AFBBF48C2" box="[1008,1142,937,963]" name="Mauritania" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Canary Islands, Gulf of Cádiz). 4) Of the four specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268AD0FC3EFCEA48E6" box="[712,803,973,999]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series, two (MNHN 492 and 2471) resemble the original figure (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF99D8268969FC03FDCD4F0B" author="Calvet" box="[369,516,1008,1034]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="355 - 495" refId="ref12626" refString="Calvet L. 1907. Bryozoaires. Expeditions scientifiques du " Travailleur " et du " Talisman " pendant les annees 1880 - 1883 8: 355 - 495." type="journal article" year="1907">Calvet 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 26, fig. 11) owing to the presence of constrictions typical for the species. Neither of these two colonies can be unequivocally identified as the figured specimen, maybe because the colony surface depicted by Calvet cannot be seen in the mounted specimens, i.e., they were glued onto the slides with the wrong side facing upwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF99D82688A5FB68FCC74D17" blockId="19.[189,1399,1179,1558]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Thus, beyond the absence of ovicells and early astogenetic stages from all material assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D8268D44FB68FE904FD9" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D8268D44FB68FE904FD9" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the few small and poorly preserved specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268BEFFB4CFB9B4FD8" box="[1015,1106,1215,1241]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series do not allow this species to be precisely defined. Moreover, the great geographic range of distribution and distance between sampling regions raises the question of whether all
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268B83FAF6FC3F4E1E" box="[923,1014,1285,1311]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens do indeed belong to the same species. For instance, the lateral zooids in specimen MNHN 493 have slightly smaller orifices (mean OL 124, OW 113, N = 3) than the remaining
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268B36FABFFC404E67" box="[814,905,1356,1382]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens (mean OL 136, OW 122, N = 11), although the number of measurements is clearly too small to be statistically reliable. In contrast, the specimens reported from NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF99D8268A3EFA61FD594EAD" box="[550,656,1426,1452]" name="Morocco" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF99D8268AA7FA62FBC04EAD" author="Harmelin & d'Hondt" box="[703,1033,1425,1452]" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="23 - 67" refId="ref13219" refString="Harmelin J. - G. & d'Hondt J. - L. 1992. Bryozoaires des parages de Gibraltar (campagne oceanographique BALGIM, 1984). 1 - Cheilostomes. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 e serie 14: 23 - 67." type="journal article" year="1992">Harmelin & d’Hondt (1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; MNHN 19804), i.e., from the same region as MNHN 493 and MNHN 497, differ from the original suite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D8268C5CFA46FAC84ECE" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[1092,1281,1461,1487]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D8268C5CFA46FAC84ECE" box="[1092,1281,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having distinctly larger orifices (mean OL
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF99D8268A43FA2BFD704EF3" box="[603,697,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="168.0">168 µm</quantity>
|
||
, OW
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF99D8268AE6FA2BFC924EF3" box="[766,859,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="146.0">146 µm</quantity>
|
||
, N = 10), both measured in lateral and lateroabfrontal zooids (MNHN 19804, Fig. 5D, E, H, J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF99D82688A5F9CFFB094C07" blockId="19.[189,1399,1596,1799]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Therefore, I consider the specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268AF8F9CEFCF24D56" box="[736,827,1597,1623]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series as insufficiently preserved and lacking important diagnostic characters for the species to be precisely defined, and it cannot be ruled out that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D82688F3F970FE8F4D9C" box="[235,326,1667,1693]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series comprises more than one distinct species. Hence, I will not designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268D13F970FABE4D9C" box="[1291,1399,1667,1693]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268932F954FE4C4DC0" box="[298,389,1703,1729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series but suggest instead that a
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268B13F954FCA14DC0" box="[779,872,1703,1729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
should be chosen as soon as newly sampled material from either one of the three original sampling sites becomes available. In the present study,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D8268D44F939FE904C07" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D8268D44F939FE904C07" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D8268A1AF91EFDB04C07" box="[514,633,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
, as is its geographic range and depth distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF99D82188A5F8DDFB34491D" blockId="19.[189,1399,1838,2005]" lastBlockId="20.[189,1399,267,541]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Another incongruity concerns the avicularium: in the original figure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF99D8268C1FF8DDFB0F4C49" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[1031,1222,1838,1864]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF99D8268C1FF8DDFB0F4C49" box="[1031,1222,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF99D8268CCEF8DDFABA4C49" author="Calvet" box="[1238,1395,1838,1864]" firstAuthor="Calvet" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="355 - 495" refId="ref12626" refString="Calvet L. 1907. Bryozoaires. Expeditions scientifiques du " Travailleur " et du " Talisman " pendant les annees 1880 - 1883 8: 355 - 495." type="journal article" year="1907">Calvet, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 26, fig. 12) the avicularia are depicted as having elongated and rather triangular rostra, instead of the extremely short and broad, semi-elliptical rostra reported in other specimens assigned to this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF99D82688A5F864FE4F4CB3" author="Harmelin" box="[189,390,1943,1970]" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref13094" refString="Harmelin J. - G. 1977. Bryozoaires du Banc de la Conception (nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I du " Jean Charcot ". Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3 e serie 492: 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ascribed this difference to a possible intraspecific variability between populations inhabiting different environments. However, in none of the specimens of the “
|
||
<typeStatus id="6557885CFF99D8268C93F848FB204CD4" box="[1163,1257,1979,2005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series” are crossbars visible, either because they are broken and lost, or because the mandibles are still in place, concealing the skeletal structures underneath. Another possibility is that they are truly absent. In any case, it seems likely that, in the absence of any visible crossbars, Calvet decided that they should be, as in most other bryozoans, perpendicular to the longest avicularian dimension, and haphazardly added crossbars to the figure. That the avicularium is, indeed, broader than long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9ED8218C35FE6AFB224AB3" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[1069,1259,408,435]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED8218C35FE6AFB224AB3" box="[1069,1259,408,435]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is indicated by the slightly raised distal margin of the rostrum, while simple crossbars spanning the longest dimension are present in well-preserved specimens from central and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF9ED8218C13FE2CFBBC4AF8" box="[1035,1141,479,505]" name="Morocco" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
that were assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9ED82188A5FDF1FEB2491D" authorityName="Calvet" authorityYear="1906" box="[189,379,514,540]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Myriaporidae" genus="Myriozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED82188A5FDF1FEB2491D" box="[189,379,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9ED82189B0FDF1FDA5491D" author="Harmelin" box="[424,620,514,540]" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref13094" refString="Harmelin J. - G. 1977. Bryozoaires du Banc de la Conception (nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I du " Jean Charcot ". Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3 e serie 492: 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9ED8218ABDFDF1FC3A491D" author="Harmelin & d'Hondt" box="[677,1011,514,540]" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="23 - 67" refId="ref13219" refString="Harmelin J. - G. & d'Hondt J. - L. 1992. Bryozoaires des parages de Gibraltar (campagne oceanographique BALGIM, 1984). 1 - Cheilostomes. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 e serie 14: 23 - 67." type="journal article" year="1992">Harmelin & d’Hondt (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively (Fig. 5I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9ED82188A5FDB0FED84F6C" blockId="20.[189,1399,579,1133]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9ED82188A5FDB0FDC1495C" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[189,520,579,605]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED82188A5FDB0FDC1495C" box="[189,520,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Characodoma strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from depths between 600 and
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF9ED8218C5CFDB0FB55495F" box="[1092,1180,579,606]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</quantity>
|
||
and its geographic range is provisionally considered to stretch from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2FB766EFF9ED8218B6CFD95FC1F4981" box="[884,982,614,640]" name="Portugal" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
along the Moroccan shelf, and via the Canary Islands to the Mauritanian slope, i.e., some
|
||
<quantity id="7D149B1BFF9ED8218B26FD79FC6C49A2" box="[830,933,649,676]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="km" value="2000.0">2000 km</quantity>
|
||
in N-S direction. The species occurs on muddy substrata and is, as other congeneric species (
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED8218B2AFD5EFC8E49C6" box="[818,839,685,711]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9ED8218B4FFD5EFC2C49C6" author="Rosso" box="[855,997,685,711]" firstAuthor="Rosso" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="415 - 437" refId="ref14342" refString="Rosso A. 1999. Recent and fossil species of Characodoma Maplestone, 1900 (Bryozoa) from the Mediterranean with description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 33 (3): 415 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300326" type="journal article" year="1999">Rosso 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), likely to be anchored in the fine sediment by rhizoids. The rhizoids themselves were never observed, not even in well-preserved specimens from the Gulf of Cádiz recovered during the
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED8218ACBFD00FCEF480C" box="[723,806,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Balgim</emphasis>
|
||
cruise (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9ED8218B9DFD00FB0C480C" author="Harmelin & d'Hondt" box="[901,1221,755,781]" firstAuthor="Harmelin" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="23 - 67" refId="ref13219" refString="Harmelin J. - G. & d'Hondt J. - L. 1992. Bryozoaires des parages de Gibraltar (campagne oceanographique BALGIM, 1984). 1 - Cheilostomes. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 e serie 14: 23 - 67." type="journal article" year="1992">Harmelin & d’Hondt 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This may not be surprising, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9ED821899BFCE5FDED4831" author="Hirose" box="[387,548,790,816]" firstAuthor="Hirose" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="365 - 386" refId="ref13491" refString="Hirose M. 2011. Orientation and righting behavior of the sand-dwelling bryozoan Conescharellina catella. Invertebrate Biology 130 (3): 282 - 290. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2011.00237. x d'Hondt J. - L. 1973. Bryozoaires de la campagne de la " Thalassa " (3 - 12 aout 1967). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3 e serie 120: 365 - 386." type="journal article" year="2011">Hirose (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently showed that, in certain species, rhizoids may be translucent and extremely delicate structures, and may thus be among the first tissue to decay after sampling. However, the orbicular kenozooidal openings situated along the frontal midline of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9ED8218C52FCAEFAC54876" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1098,1292,861,887]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED8218C52FCAEFAC54876" box="[1098,1292,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies do suggest this mode of attachment (Fig. 5J). This means that the tentacles of the median zooids face towards the substratum when everted, which has already been inferred for other species of this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9ED82188DFFC34FE9B48E1" author="Rosso" box="[199,338,966,993]" firstAuthor="Rosso" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="415 - 437" refId="ref14342" refString="Rosso A. 1999. Recent and fossil species of Characodoma Maplestone, 1900 (Bryozoa) from the Mediterranean with description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 33 (3): 415 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300326" type="journal article" year="1999">Rosso 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The relative proximity of the median zooids to the substratum may also explain the smaller orifice dimensions (i.e., smaller tentacles, if these traits are interrelated) in comparison with zooids from the lateral and latero-abfrontal series (
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED8218A65FBFEFD5B4F26" box="[637,658,1037,1063]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<tableCitation id="F76E0345FF9ED8218AB9FBFEFD334F29" box="[673,762,1037,1064]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="18.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@18.[189,1401,442,945]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in µm) of skeletal characters of Characodoma strangulatum (Calvet, 1906), taken from the syntype specimens MNHN 492, 493 and 2471 (see text for morphometric variability between specimens). Due tothe convex colony surface, zooecialmeasurements of the extremely elongated latero-abfrontal zooids could not be taken. SD = standard deviation, N = number of measurements." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, the small orifices may simply be correlated with the smaller zooid size of the median series owing to constructional constraints of the colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5336FEFF9ED82188A5FB66FCCB4D54" blockId="20.[189,1399,1173,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Undamaged zooecia with one or two intramural buds, recognisable by the presence of multiple orifice rims within the primary orifice (
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED82189F6FB4BFDCA4FD3" box="[494,515,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9ED8218A08FB4BFD794FD3" author="Berning B." box="[528,688,1208,1234]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref12276" refString="Berning B. 2008. Evidence for sublethal predation and regeneration among living and fossil ascophoran bryozoans. In: Hageman S. J., Key M. M. & Winston J. E. (eds), Bryozoan Studies 2007. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 15: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2008">Berning 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), were present in all of the studied colonies. Reparative growth within primary zooids may either be triggered by partial predation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7D4B0FFF9ED8218BF2FB28FB474FF4" author="Berning B." box="[1002,1166,1243,1269]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref12276" refString="Berning B. 2008. Evidence for sublethal predation and regeneration among living and fossil ascophoran bryozoans. In: Hageman S. J., Key M. M. & Winston J. E. (eds), Bryozoan Studies 2007. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 15: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2008">Berning 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or, in (seasonally) oligotrophic conditions, by partial starvation (J.-G. Harmelin pers. comm. 2008). The typical constrictions within colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9ED8218987FAD1FD974E3A" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[415,606,1313,1340]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED8218987FAD1FD974E3A" box="[415,606,1313,1340]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 5D), from which the specific epithet derives, may also be a response to seasonal reduction in food supply during which colony growth slows down or comes to a halt. The paucity of ovicells even in long rods, in concert with frequent signs of breakage and reparative growth at colony constrictions, may reflect another adaptation to unfavourable conditions. Instead of investing energy in embryos, propagation may more often proceed by fragmentation of the colonies at these constrictions (Fig. 5C, D). However, ovicells are commonly present in a very closely related, hitherto undescribed species from the Great Meteor Bank at similar depths (pers. observation). This seamount is situated in the central North Atlantic in certainly more oligotrophic conditions than the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DEC4D7DFF9ED8218D44F9EBFE9E4D54" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="strangulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8898EAECFF9ED8218D44F9EBFE9E4D54" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. strangulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the continental shelf and slope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |