254 lines
33 KiB
XML
254 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="34D175438341D835BE870D6DE62CEF9F" ID-CLB-Dataset="39285" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4057.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1a89d5bc-cc00-4e66-a03a-b3ca211f111b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237153" ID-ZooBank="03034933-E653-4772-B796-91637B2A8EC1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461356797240" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Remeikis, Andrius & Stonis, Jonas R." docDate="2015" docId="32106110FFBDFFDEFF67FAB8FEF4FB7A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04057p429.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4057 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stigmella humboldti Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="413" masterDocId="CE291968FFBEFFDAFFF0FFE7FFFBFFDA" masterDocTitle="First discovery of Quercus- feeding Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) in South America, with description of new species and designation of the S. nigriverticella complex in the S. saginella group" masterLastPageNumber="429" masterPageNumber="409" pageNumber="412" updateTime="1698661537618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4FE445C38D6FDE2B95D3E22787337BCF">
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<mods:title id="74DF5F98B6F25DF897205C094BE59746">First discovery of Quercus- feeding Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) in South America, with description of new species and designation of the S. nigriverticella complex in the S. saginella group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFFB76A9EB1485178B2B2D7FB36474F7">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="57DA89629E6C82622706294DC6E3D291" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EA36EEA88CE8B490306A459505276D68">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C8C7D46A7694960A691353C169D44A18">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9E3B91F1B502677EF74EE553107F4DE2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="49584799B97DDBBC457CE2C38267ECA3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1E70B432DBC23781B95CE336CBDA3088">
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<mods:date id="6DC4712B1FBB25377379C4A6ED5F1B44">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="128A5BA8BAE2DFD0F2B426AAA0B4198A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A04121D7440F9AD585CB5BC61EF5A208">4057</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="14E45DB50386D4CC2221B96D8FB4FB64" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4057.3.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="32106110FFBDFFDEFF67FAB8FEF4FB7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093930" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119647460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6093930" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:32106110FFBDFFDEFF67FAB8FEF4FB7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/32106110FFBDFFDEFF67FAB8FEF4FB7A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
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<subSubSection id="F2A3838DFFBDFFD9FF67FAB8FEDCFA41" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBDFFD9FF67FAB8FD18FAA0" blockId="3.[151,739,1375,1435]" box="[151,739,1375,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
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<heading id="E14E676AFFBDFFD9FF67FAB8FD18FAA0" bold="true" box="[151,739,1375,1402]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FF67FAB8FD18FAA0" bold="true" box="[151,739,1375,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FF67FAB8FD82FAA0" ID-CoL="52M38" authority="Remeikis & Stonis" authorityName="Remeikis & Stonis" box="[151,633,1375,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FF67FAB8FE70FAA3" bold="true" box="[151,395,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Stigmella humboldti</emphasis>
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Remeikis & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="93FEB16FFFBDFFD9FD76FA87FD18FAA0" box="[646,739,1376,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBDFFD9FF67FA65FEDCFA41" blockId="3.[151,739,1375,1435]" box="[151,295,1410,1435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
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(
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<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBDFFD9FF6FFA65FEE4FA41" box="[159,287,1410,1435]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStart-1="FIGURES 48 – 53" captionStartId-0="16.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[291,1294,193,1558]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,193,1930]" captionTargetId-0="figure@16.[291,1296,193,1559]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[153,1433,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="FIGURES 42 – 47. Distribution and bionomics of Stigmella humboldti sp. nov. 42, distribution map; 43, 45 – 47, leaf-mines on Quercus humboldtii Bonpl (section Lobatae); 44, habitat, cloud forest at elevation 2550 m, 4 ° 36 ' 21 " N, 74 ° 18 ' 24 " W, Parque Chicaque, Colombia." captionText-1="FIGURES 48 – 53. Stigmella humboldti sp. nov., holotype. 48, 49, female adult; 50, cocoon; 51; female genitalia, slide no. RA 607, abdominal tip; 52, same, signa; 53, same, general view (currently in LEU, with ultimate deposition in PUJ)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/237163/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/237164/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Figs 42–53</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2A3838DFFBDFFD9FF67FA2DFC09F9F1" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBDFFD9FF67FA2DFC09F9F1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1482,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FF67FA2DFEBBFA39" bold="true" box="[151,320,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
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<typeStatus id="65026EA4FFBDFFD9FF67FA2DFF29FA39" box="[151,210,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Type</typeStatus>
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material
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</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="65026EA4FFBDFFD9FEA0FA2DFE47FA39" box="[336,444,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: ♀,
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<collectingCountry id="C2AE9096FFBDFFD9FE1EFA2DFDA4FA39" box="[494,607,1482,1507]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, Cundinamarca Department, San Antonio del Tequendama municipality, Parque Chicaque,
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<geoCoordinate id="DF8DB6C1FFBDFFD9FE96FA09FE25F9DD" box="[358,478,1518,1543]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" precision="15" value="4.605833">4°36'21"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DF8DB6C1FFBDFFD9FE1BFA08FD8DF9DD" box="[491,630,1519,1543]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" precision="15" value="-74.30667">74°18'24"W</geoCoordinate>
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, cloud forest, elevation
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<quantity id="7D417DE3FFBDFFD9FC77FA09FC1BF9DC" box="[903,992,1518,1543]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" unit="m" value="2550.0">2550 m</quantity>
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, mining larvae on
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FB45FA08FA6EF9DC" box="[1205,1429,1518,1542]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtii">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FB45FA08FA6EF9DC" box="[1205,1429,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Quercus humboldtii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="CE07F6C6FFBDFFD9FF67F9F5FEF0F9F1" box="[151,267,1554,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" value="2013-02-18">18.ii.2013</date>
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, leg. A. Remeikis & J. R. Stonis, genitalia slide no. RA607 (PUJ).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2A3838DFFBDFFD9FF37F9D1FE0CF849" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBDFFD9FF37F9D1FE0CF849" blockId="3.[151,1437,1482,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FF37F9D1FEBAF995" bold="true" box="[199,321,1590,1615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Externally,
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FE38F9D1FD52F994" box="[456,681,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FE38F9D1FD52F994" box="[456,681,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Stigmella humboldti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="93FEB16FFFBDFFD9FD40F9D1FCF2F994" box="[688,777,1590,1615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FD40F9D1FCF9F995" bold="true" box="[688,770,1590,1615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is most similar to Central American
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FB54F9D0FF06F9A9" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurifasciata">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FB54F9D0FAB3F995" box="[1188,1352,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">S. aurifasciata</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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which belongs to the
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FDF8F9BCFD94F9A9" box="[520,623,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saginella">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FDF8F9BCFD94F9A9" box="[520,623,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">saginella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group and are illustrated in
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<bibRefCitation id="DE28ADF7FFBDFFD9FBEFF9BDFAFAF9A9" author="Stonis" box="[1055,1281,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A. & Schuster, J. (2013 b) First discovery of Quercus feeding Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) in Central America. Zootaxa, 3737 (1), 1 - 23. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3737.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="b">
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Stonis
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FB9FF9BCFB5FF9A9" box="[1135,1188,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013b
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</bibRefCitation>
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. However, in contrast to
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FEE7F998FE47F94D" box="[279,444,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurifasciata">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FEE7F998FE47F94D" box="[279,444,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">S. aurifasciata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the golden yellowish area of forewing of the new species is distinctly widened along tornus. In female genitalia, the new species is highly distinctive from all known
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FB95F944FB37F960" box="[1125,1228,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Quercus-</emphasis>
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feeding and other
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FF67F921FEFBF904" box="[151,256,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FF67F921FEFBF904" box="[151,256,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Stigmella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: the new species possesses two large oval signa comprising numerous large and acute spines. Because this unique character,
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FE7DF90CFDE0F8D9" box="[397,539,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FE7DF90CFDE0F8D9" box="[397,539,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">S. humboldti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="93FEB16FFFBDFFD9FDD2F90DFD80F8D8" box="[546,635,1770,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FDD2F90DFD8FF8D9" bold="true" box="[546,628,1770,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is not included to any species group of
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FBC9F90CFB59F8D9" box="[1081,1186,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FBC9F90CFB59F8D9" box="[1081,1186,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Stigmella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(also see Discussion). From the other species, also feeding on
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FD98F8E8FCB2F8FC" box="[616,841,1806,1830]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtii">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FD98F8E8FCB2F8FC" box="[616,841,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Quercus humboldtii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="C2AE9096FFBDFFD9FC82F8E9FC1BF8FD" box="[882,992,1806,1831]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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but belonging to the
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FB2DF8E8FA67F8FC" box="[1245,1436,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriverticella">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FB2DF8E8FA67F8FC" box="[1245,1436,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">S. nigriverticella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex and
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FEDFF8D4FE48F891" box="[303,435,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saginella">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FEDFF8D4FE48F891" box="[303,435,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">S. saginella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group (
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<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FDFDF8D4FD7BF891" box="[525,640,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robleae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FDFDF8D4FD7BF891" box="[525,640,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">S. robleae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="93FEB16FFFBDFFD9FD76F8D5FD1AF891" box="[646,737,1842,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FD76F8D5FD1AF891" bold="true" box="[646,737,1842,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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), it differs by the dark grey hindwing and two black fascia of forewing (see
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<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBDFFD9FECCF8B1FE69F8B5" box="[316,402,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 56" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1719,1742]" captionTargetBox="[155,1420,193,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[155,1432,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 56. Comparison of the species of the Stigmella nigriverticella complex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237167/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the specific, broadly oval signa composed by numerous large and acute spines (not lamellar signa as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBDFFD9FE87F89CFE1CF849" box="[375,487,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FE87F89CFE1CF849" box="[375,487,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">S. robleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2A3838DFFBDFFDEFF37F879FE46FC5A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBDFFD9FF37F879FE7CF86D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1482,2011]" box="[199,391,1950,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FF37F879FEF0F86D" bold="true" box="[199,267,1950,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBDFFDEFF37F825FBC8FE15" blockId="3.[151,1437,1482,2011]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1184]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBDFFD9FF37F825FEE5F801" bold="true" box="[199,286,1986,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBDFFD9FEDEF825FE4FF801" box="[302,436,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 53" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[153,1433,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 53. Stigmella humboldti sp. nov., holotype. 48, 49, female adult; 50, cocoon; 51; female genitalia, slide no. RA 607, abdominal tip; 52, same, signa; 53, same, general view (currently in LEU, with ultimate deposition in PUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237164/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Figs 48, 49</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="7D417DE3FFBDFFD9FD7BF824FD1EF800" box="[651,741,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="7D417DE3FFBDFFD9FC96F824FC3AF800" box="[870,961,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head: palpi yellowish cream; frontal tuft entirely orange-ochre; scape yellowish cream; collar ochre-yellow, large; antenna about 1/3 of forewing; flagellum with 19 segments, fuscous on upper side, yellowish cream on underside. Thorax and tegulae yellow-ochre, without darkenings. Forewing with two black fasciae with some purple iridescence: sub-basal and three times broader apical one; apical fascia strongly and abruptly narrowed at tornal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFC23FEE3FBDCFEC6" box="[979,1063,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 53" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[153,1433,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 53. Stigmella humboldti sp. nov., holotype. 48, 49, female adult; 50, cocoon; 51; female genitalia, slide no. RA 607, abdominal tip; 52, same, signa; 53, same, general view (currently in LEU, with ultimate deposition in PUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237164/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
); cilia grey except forewing apex where it remains ochre-yellow to yellow cream; underside of forewing dark grey to blackish, with very weak purple iridescence and pale yellow spot on apex. Hindwing (depending on angle of view) dark grey to black-grey on under side and upper side, with some purple iridescence but without spots or androconia; cilia dark grey. Legs glossy, golden cream, with grey to fuscous darkenings on upper side, except midlegs (which remain entirely golden cream). Abdomen fuscous on upper side, dark grey on underside, anal tufts cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBAFFDEFF37FE3BFBD9FD72" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBAFFDEFF37FE3BFE76FE2F" bold="true" box="[199,397,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFE6DFE3BFDDAFE2F" box="[413,545,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 53" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[153,1433,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 53. Stigmella humboldti sp. nov., holotype. 48, 49, female adult; 50, cocoon; 51; female genitalia, slide no. RA 607, abdominal tip; 52, same, signa; 53, same, general view (currently in LEU, with ultimate deposition in PUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237164/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Figs 51–53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length 605 µm. Apophyses anteriores distinctly shorter than apophyses posteriores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFED5FE18FE86FDC2" box="[293,381,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 53" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[153,1433,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 53. Stigmella humboldti sp. nov., holotype. 48, 49, female adult; 50, cocoon; 51; female genitalia, slide no. RA 607, abdominal tip; 52, same, signa; 53, same, general view (currently in LEU, with ultimate deposition in PUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237164/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal, slender part of apophyses anteriores 50–55 µm long; length of slender part of a. posteriores 105–110 µm. Vestibulum narrow, without sclerites. Accessory sac small, rounded. Corpus bursae oval, 415 µm long, covered with numerous pectinations and with two large, oval signa on both sides; signa comprise numerous large acute spines; signa not fully symmetrical: one larger (240 µm long, 100 µm broad), the other slightly smaller (190 µm long, 95 µm broad); they are overlapping in figs 52, 53.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBAFFDEFF37FD53FE46FC5A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBAFFDEFF37FD53FEBFFD17" bold="true" box="[199,324,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Bionomics</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFEA2FD53FE28FD16" box="[338,467,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[291,1294,193,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[291,1296,193,1559]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Distribution and bionomics of Stigmella humboldti sp. nov. 42, distribution map; 43, 45 – 47, leaf-mines on Quercus humboldtii Bonpl (section Lobatae); 44, habitat, cloud forest at elevation 2550 m, 4 ° 36 ' 21 " N, 74 ° 18 ' 24 " W, Parque Chicaque, Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237163/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Figs 43–47</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFE2EFD53FE05FD17" box="[478,510,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 53" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[153,1433,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 53. Stigmella humboldti sp. nov., holotype. 48, 49, female adult; 50, cocoon; 51; female genitalia, slide no. RA 607, abdominal tip; 52, same, signa; 53, same, general view (currently in LEU, with ultimate deposition in PUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237164/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">50</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mines in leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFD3FFD53FC86FD17" box="[719,893,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[291,1294,193,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[291,1296,193,1559]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Distribution and bionomics of Stigmella humboldti sp. nov. 42, distribution map; 43, 45 – 47, leaf-mines on Quercus humboldtii Bonpl (section Lobatae); 44, habitat, cloud forest at elevation 2550 m, 4 ° 36 ' 21 " N, 74 ° 18 ' 24 " W, Parque Chicaque, Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237163/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Figs 43, 45–47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Host-plant:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBAFFDEFBE3FD53FAC7FD17" authority="Bonpl" authorityName="Bonpl" box="[1043,1340,692,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBAFFDEFBE3FD53FB0AFD16" box="[1043,1265,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Quercus humboldtii</emphasis>
|
||
Bonpl
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(section Lobatae) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFEF9FD30FE70FD2A" box="[265,395,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 28" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[156,1432,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 28. Bionomics of Stigmella robleae sp. nov. 1, habitat, montane mixed forest at elevation 2000 m, 5 ° 02 ' 04 " N, 75 ° 28 ' 41 " W, Manizales, Colombia; 23 – 25, host-plant Quercus humboldtii Bonpl (section Lobatae); 26 – 28, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237159/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Figs 23–25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Egg on upper side of the leaf. Larvae mine in January and early February (in February most of leaf-mines are already empty). Sinuous gallery of mine filled with black frass, very narrow unfilled (clear) margins left only in final part of the track (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFD80FCF8FD09FCE2" box="[624,754,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[291,1294,193,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[291,1296,193,1559]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Distribution and bionomics of Stigmella humboldti sp. nov. 42, distribution map; 43, 45 – 47, leaf-mines on Quercus humboldtii Bonpl (section Lobatae); 44, habitat, cloud forest at elevation 2550 m, 4 ° 36 ' 21 " N, 74 ° 18 ' 24 " W, Parque Chicaque, Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237163/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Figs 46, 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva bright green, with dark green to pale brown intestine. Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Cocoon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFD11FCA3FCCEFC87" box="[737,821,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 53" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[153,1433,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 53. Stigmella humboldti sp. nov., holotype. 48, 49, female adult; 50, cocoon; 51; female genitalia, slide no. RA 607, abdominal tip; 52, same, signa; 53, same, general view (currently in LEU, with ultimate deposition in PUJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237164/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
) beige cream; length
|
||
<quantity id="7D417DE3FFBAFFDEFBC3FCA3FB75FC86" box="[1075,1166,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, maximal width
|
||
<quantity id="7D417DE3FFBAFFDEFAA2FCA3FA62FC86" box="[1362,1433,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Adults emerged in March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2A3838DFFBAFFDEFF37FC6BFD8AFC12" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBAFFDEFF37FC6BFD8AFC12" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBAFFDEFF37FC6BFEA2FC7F" bold="true" box="[199,345,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFE99FC6BFE45FC7E" box="[361,446,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[291,1294,193,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[291,1296,193,1559]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Distribution and bionomics of Stigmella humboldti sp. nov. 42, distribution map; 43, 45 – 47, leaf-mines on Quercus humboldtii Bonpl (section Lobatae); 44, habitat, cloud forest at elevation 2550 m, 4 ° 36 ' 21 " N, 74 ° 18 ' 24 " W, Parque Chicaque, Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237163/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
). Currently known from single locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2AE9096FFBAFFDEFC6DFC6BFBF0FC7F" box="[925,1035,908,933]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Parque Chicaque, SW Bogotá), in cloud forest at elevation
|
||
<quantity id="7D417DE3FFBAFFDEFE5CFC48FDFBFC1D" box="[428,512,943,968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="2550.0">2550 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2282CC83FFBAFFDEFDE0FC48FD9FFC12" box="[528,612,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[291,1294,193,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[291,1296,193,1559]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Distribution and bionomics of Stigmella humboldti sp. nov. 42, distribution map; 43, 45 – 47, leaf-mines on Quercus humboldtii Bonpl (section Lobatae); 44, habitat, cloud forest at elevation 2550 m, 4 ° 36 ' 21 " N, 74 ° 18 ' 24 " W, Parque Chicaque, Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237163/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2A3838DFFBAFFDEFF37FC33FB44FBEF" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBAFFDEFF37FC33FB44FBEF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBAFFDEFF37FC33FEB5FC37" bold="true" box="[199,334,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
As its host-plant (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DB9AB85FFBAFFDEFDD7FC33FCF3FC36" box="[551,776,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBAFFDEFDD7FC33FCF3FC36" box="[551,776,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Quercus humboldtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), this new species of leaf-miner is named after Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (
|
||
<date id="CE07F6C6FFBAFFDEFD4AFC10FCC5FBCA" box="[698,830,1015,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" value="1769" valueMax="1859">1769–1859</date>
|
||
), famous naturalist, geographer and explorer, who travelled extensively in Latin
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2AE9096FFBAFFDEFE15FBFBFDBEFBEF" box="[485,581,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and laid the foundation for the science of biogeography.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2A3838DFFBAFFDEFF37FBD8FEF4FB7A" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA06D006FFBAFFDEFF37FBD8FEF4FB7A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CD0C14FFBAFFDEFF37FBD8FEC0FB82" bold="true" box="[199,315,1087,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Although descriptions of new species based on single specimens are generally not recommended, in our opinion the report (description) of this taxon has some merit due to several unique features and its endemic host-plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |