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<document id="1DF03A606152BAE55B5B2F6C59C91328" ID-CLB-Dataset="9334" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4894.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e388c725-9de8-460a-a970-6acf78ae2d87" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4315602" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1607639136980" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reily, Brian H." docDate="2020" docId="FD1F87A1FFABFFCEFF1FD43DFD689ACD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4894.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4894 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Orthopleura Spinola 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="144" masterDocId="0126FFD9FFABFFCFFF88D01BFFF0994D" masterDocTitle="Imbriea nom. nov., a replacement name for Orthopleura Imbrie, 1959 (Brachiopoda)" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1698847338545" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FDBC37FE813F2F219FB2ECDA4DD431B8">Imbriea nom. nov., a replacement name for Orthopleura Imbrie, 1959 (Brachiopoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51DD0F2D80C0A5394B079923695BDDB9">Reily, Brian H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="52B319CD93495F2C4B55D0F149592072">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2181C60C389A261ECE4578C5C79955EE">2020-12-08</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C3B6EA84607E73E356CE7492671974BB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4894.1.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FD1F87A1FFABFFCEFF1FD43DFD689ACD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328581" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176083678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD1F87A1FFABFFCEFF1FD43DFD689ACD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD1F87A1FFABFFCEFF1FD43DFD689ACD" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<subSubSection id="3DAC653CFFABFFCFFF1FD43DFDC49D0D" box="[151,564,1061,1088]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="750936B7FFABFFCFFF1FD43DFDC49D0D" blockId="0.[151,1437,1061,2024]" box="[151,564,1061,1088]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<heading id="2E4181DBFFABFFCFFF1FD43DFDC49D0D" bold="true" box="[151,564,1061,1088]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFF1FD43DFDC49D0D" bold="true" box="[151,564,1061,1088]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFF66D43EFDC49D0D" authority="Spinola, 1845" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" box="[238,564,1061,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFF66D43EFE749D0D" bold="true" box="[238,388,1061,1088]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Orthopleura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFE04D43DFDC49D0D" author="Spinola, M." box="[396,564,1062,1088]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref2186" refString="Spinola, M. (1845) Essai monographique sur les clerites insectes coleopteres. Tome second. Freres Ponthenier, Genes (Genoa), 216 pp., 47 pls. Available from: https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 6248306 s (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1845">Spinola, 1845</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DAC653CFFABFFCEFF1FD457FD689ACD" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="750936B7FFABFFCFFF1FD457FEA09DC5" blockId="0.[151,1437,1061,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFABFFCFFF1FD457FF3C9D29" box="[151,204,1100,1124]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFEB9D457FD229D29" authority="Fabricius, 1798: 117" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="117" authorityYear="1798" box="[305,722,1100,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damicornis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFEB9D457FE1C9D29" box="[305,492,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Tillus damicornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFE7CD457FD229D29" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[500,722,1100,1124]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref1670" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae (Copenhagen), [2] + 572 pp. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 82436 (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798: 117</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by subsequent designation in
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFB93D457FB1B9D29" author="Gorham H. S." box="[1051,1259,1100,1124]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="401 - 426" refId="ref1720" refString="Gorham H. S. (1877) XXVI. - Descriptions of new species of Cleridae, with notes on the genera and corrections of synonymy. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1877, 401 - 426. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 32000625 (accessed 1 March 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1877. tb 02922. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Gorham 1877: 426</bibRefCitation>
, see also Article 69.1 of the Code.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="750936B7FFABFFCFFF4FD48FFCC59D9D" blockId="0.[151,1437,1061,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFF4FD48FFE5D9DE1" author="Bousquet, Y." box="[199,429,1172,1196]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 776" refId="ref1453" refString="Bousquet, Y. (2016) Litteratura Coleopterologica (1758 - 1900): a guide to selected books related to the taxonomy of Coleoptera with publication dates and notes. ZooKeys, 583, 1 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 583.7084" type="journal article" year="2016">Bousquet (2016: 511)</bibRefCitation>
addressed the correct publication date of this genus, which has been incorrectly reported in past literature as “1844” based on the imprint date on the title page.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="750936B7FFABFFCFFF4FD4C7FB459CC9" blockId="0.[151,1437,1061,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFF4FD4C7FE629DB9" author="Spinola, M." box="[199,402,1244,1268]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref2186" refString="Spinola, M. (1845) Essai monographique sur les clerites insectes coleopteres. Tome second. Freres Ponthenier, Genes (Genoa), 216 pp., 47 pls. Available from: https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 6248306 s (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1845">Spinola (1845: 80)</bibRefCitation>
erected this genus to contain two described and one new species—
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFBE7D4C7FF3F9C55" authority="Fabricius, 1798" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damicornis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFBE7D4C7FADA9DB9" box="[1135,1322,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Tillus damicornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFABAD4C7FF3F9C55" author="Fabricius, J. C." pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref1670" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae (Copenhagen), [2] + 572 pp. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 82436 (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFF53D51BFD679C55" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[219,663,1280,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dermestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinicollis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFF53D51BFE199C55" box="[219,489,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Dermestes sanguinicollis</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1787
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFD45D51BFB7F9C55" authority="Spinola, 1845" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" box="[717,1167,1280,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadraticollis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFD45D51BFC1F9C55" box="[717,1007,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Orthopleura quadraticollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFC7FD51BFB7F9C55" author="Spinola, M." box="[1015,1167,1280,1304]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref2186" refString="Spinola, M. (1845) Essai monographique sur les clerites insectes coleopteres. Tome second. Freres Ponthenier, Genes (Genoa), 216 pp., 47 pls. Available from: https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 6248306 s (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1845">Spinola, 1845</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Except for the
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFABFFCFFAB2D51BFA989C55" box="[1338,1384,1280,1304]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">type</typeStatus>
species as designated by
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFEF7D53FFDD79C71" author="Gorham H. S." box="[383,551,1316,1340]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="401 - 426" refId="ref1720" refString="Gorham H. S. (1877) XXVI. - Descriptions of new species of Cleridae, with notes on the genera and corrections of synonymy. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1877, 401 - 426. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 32000625 (accessed 1 March 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1877. tb 02922. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Gorham (1877)</bibRefCitation>
, all other taxa originally included in this genus—and others subsequently included in this genus by
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFEC2D553FDF39C2D" author="Corporaal, J. B." box="[330,515,1352,1376]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref1577" refString="Corporaal, J. B. (1950) Cleridae. In: Hincks, W. D. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa, Pars 23 (editio secunda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage (The Hague), 373 pp." type="book" year="1950">Corporaal (1950)</bibRefCitation>
in his catalogue of the family—have since been transferred into different genera (see
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFF1FD577FEF59CC9" author="Barr, W. F." box="[151,261,1388,1412]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref1425" refString="Barr, W. F. (1976) Taxonomy of the new clerid genus Neorthopleura (Coleoptera). Melanderia, 24, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1976">Barr 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFE98D577FE7A9CC9" author="Opitz, W." box="[272,394,1388,1412]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref2013" refString="Opitz, W. (2013) Revision of the New World genus Neorthopleura Barr (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 49 (1), 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2013.775797" type="journal article" year="2013">Opitz 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFE1CD577FDD99CC9" author="Winkler, J. R." box="[404,553,1388,1412]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="309 - 314" refId="ref2399" refString="Winkler, J. R. (1979) Enopliinae of Palaearctis, Part 1: Dermestoides J. C. Schaeff., 1771, available and valid generic name for European Orthopleura sanguinicollis (F., 1787) (Col., Cleridae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 26 (4 - 5), 309 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19790260414" type="journal article" year="1979">Winkler 1979</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFDE8D577FD049CC9" author="Winkler, J. R." box="[608,756,1388,1412]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="177 - 185" refId="ref2474" refString="Winkler, J. R. (1984) Enopliinae of Palaearctis, Part 2 Syriopelta gen. n., new genus established for Syrian Orthopleura funebris Fairmaire, 1892. (Col., Cleridae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 31 (1 - 3), 177 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19840310128" type="journal article" year="1984">Winkler 1984</bibRefCitation>
) leaving
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFCDFD577FBC49CC9" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" box="[855,1076,1388,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFCDFD577FC2C9CC9" box="[855,988,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Orthopleura</emphasis>
Spinola
</taxonomicName>
monotypic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="750936B7FFABFFCFFF4FD58BFCDC9E5D" blockId="0.[151,1437,1061,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFF4FD58BFE8A9CE5" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[199,378,1424,1448]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref1670" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae (Copenhagen), [2] + 572 pp. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 82436 (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1798">Fabricius (1798)</bibRefCitation>
originally described
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFDEAD58BFCEE9CE5" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[610,798,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damicornis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFDEAD58BFCEE9CE5" box="[610,798,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Tillus damicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from North American specimens in the collection of John Dietrich Herschel. The fate of Herschel’s collection—including the
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFABFFCFFCE4D5AFFC549C81" box="[876,932,1460,1484]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">types</typeStatus>
of this species—is unknown. It is possible that these specimens were subsumed into other collections or they may have been destroyed (
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFBC5D5C3FB2A9CBD" author="Madge, R. B." box="[1101,1242,1496,1520]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="543 - 548" refId="ref1974" refString="Madge, R. B. (1994) Who was Herschel? The Canadian Entomologist, 126 (3), 543 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 126543 - 3" type="journal article" year="1994">Madge 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFB63D5C3FA6D9CBD" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[1259,1437,1496,1520]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref1670" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae (Copenhagen), [2] + 572 pp. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 82436 (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1798">Fabricius (1798)</bibRefCitation>
provides only a brief description of this species which lacks sufficient detail to unambiguously determine its identity. However, a few particulars in Fabricius’ original work are worth noting. First, the antennal club of this clerid species, which the original description claims to be composed of two, flattened, acuminate segments, is atypical of the North American clerofauna and suggests either an otherwise unknown genus or a
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFABFFCFFC4ED673FC049FCD" box="[966,1012,1640,1664]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">type</typeStatus>
specimen with missing terminal antennomeres. Second, the comparison of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFDAFD697FD129FE9" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[551,738,1676,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damicornis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFDAFD697FD129FE9" box="[551,738,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Tillus damicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to an established junior synonym of
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFBFCD697FB0F9FE9" box="[1140,1279,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Dermestodes</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFA8FD697FEBF9F85" authority="(Fabricius, 1787)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dermestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinicollis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFA8FD697FA6D9FE9" box="[1287,1437,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">sanguinicollis</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1787)
</taxonomicName>
(see Winker 1979)—“[
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFDC0D6ABFD739F85" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1790" box="[584,643,1712,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFDC0D6ABFD739F85" box="[584,643,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Tillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFD1AD6ABFD2B9F85" box="[658,731,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">weberi</emphasis>
…
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFC8AD6ABFBC59F85" box="[770,1077,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Statura omnino praecedentis</emphasis>
[i.e.
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFBE3D6ABFAD59F85" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[1131,1317,1712,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damicornis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFBE3D6ABFAD59F85" box="[1131,1317,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Tillus damicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFABCD6ABFF279FA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">at alius et maior</emphasis>
”—establishes the morphological similarity of these two species and suggests that orthopleurines were within the scope of Fabricius’ taxonomic concept of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFDDED6E3FCD99E5D" authority="Olivier, 1790" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1790" box="[598,809,1784,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFDDED6E3FD619E5D" box="[598,657,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Tillus</emphasis>
Olivier, 1790
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="750936B7FFABFFCFFF4FD707FD269EA5" blockId="0.[151,1437,1061,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
There are four specimens labeled as
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFABFFCFFDC3D707FCBE9E79" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[587,846,1820,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damicornis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFDC3D707FCBE9E79" box="[587,846,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Orthopleura damicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Spinola’s collection (
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFBD8D707FB309E79" author="Ekis, G." box="[1104,1216,1820,1844]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref1626" refString="Ekis, G. (1975) Taxonomic and nomenclatural status of clerid taxa described by Massimiliano Spinola (1780 - 1857) (Coleoptera, Cleridae). Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Torino, 1, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1975">Ekis 1975</bibRefCitation>
). This is presumably the material which Spinola examined when he established the genus.
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFC18D75BFBC19E15" author="Spinola, M." box="[912,1073,1856,1880]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" refId="ref2186" refString="Spinola, M. (1845) Essai monographique sur les clerites insectes coleopteres. Tome second. Freres Ponthenier, Genes (Genoa), 216 pp., 47 pls. Available from: https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 6248306 s (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1845">Spinola (1845)</bibRefCitation>
was not explicit about the origin of these specimens, and he habitually did not attach labels to his pinned material (
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFB99D77FFB739E31" author="Ekis, G." box="[1041,1155,1892,1916]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref1626" refString="Ekis, G. (1975) Taxonomic and nomenclatural status of clerid taxa described by Massimiliano Spinola (1780 - 1857) (Coleoptera, Cleridae). Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Torino, 1, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1975">Ekis 1975</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, there appears to be no strong evidence that these specimens are—or are not—the
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFABFFCFFCFFD793FC5F9EED" box="[887,943,1928,1952]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">types</typeStatus>
described by Fabricius. Spinola’s description and illustrations of this species appear to be of a North American orthopleurine similar in morphology and coloration to
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFABFFCFFF1FD7CBFE5B9EA5" box="[151,427,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Neorthopleurra thoracica</emphasis>
(Say, 1823) sec.
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFABFFCFFDEBD7CBFD229EA5" author="Barr, W. F." box="[611,722,2000,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref1425" refString="Barr, W. F. (1976) Taxonomy of the new clerid genus Neorthopleura (Coleoptera). Melanderia, 24, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1976">Barr 1976</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="750936B7FFAAFFCEFF4FD083FD8898E6" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
However,
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFAAFFCEFEBFD083FE2399FD" author="Barr, W. F." box="[311,467,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref1425" refString="Barr, W. F. (1976) Taxonomy of the new clerid genus Neorthopleura (Coleoptera). Melanderia, 24, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1976">Barr (1976: 2)</bibRefCitation>
reported that the
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFAAFFCEFD1ED083FD3499FD" box="[662,708,152,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFCEBD08CFAD699FD" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[867,1318,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damicornis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFCEBD08CFB9899E2" box="[867,1128,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Orthopleura damicornis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFAAFFCEFBF0D08CFAEF99FD" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[1144,1311,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" refId="ref1670" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae (Copenhagen), [2] + 572 pp. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 82436 (accessed 19 February 2020)" type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—presumably referring to the specimens in Spinola’s collection—are not congeneric with other species included in the genus by
<bibRefCitation id="11274B46FFAAFFCEFF1FD0C4FE7499BA" author="Corporaal, J. B." box="[151,388,223,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" refId="ref1577" refString="Corporaal, J. B. (1950) Cleridae. In: Hincks, W. D. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa, Pars 23 (editio secunda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage (The Hague), 373 pp." type="book" year="1950">Corporaal (1950: 266)</bibRefCitation>
and used this claim to justify erection of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFC2CD0C4FB6299BA" authority="Barr. It" authorityName="Barr. It" authorityYear="1976" box="[932,1170,223,247]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Neorthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFC2CD0C4FBB199BA" box="[932,1089,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Neorthopleura</emphasis>
Barr. It
</taxonomicName>
is worth noting that Barr provided no evidence to support this claim—i.e. no redescription of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFCF4D118FBAD9856" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" box="[892,1117,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFCF4D118FBF19856" box="[892,1025,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Orthopleura</emphasis>
Spinola
</taxonomicName>
, no inclusion of this genus in keys, no discussion of diagnostic characters used for distinguishing this genus from morphologically similar taxa, and no references to any prior works that suggested this genus as distinct—pinning the validity of his newly erected taxon solely upon the author’s expert opinion. Subsequent authors either followed Barr’s classification or simply did not include
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFAFED16BFEA798E6" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFAFED16BFF0F98E6" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Orthopleura</emphasis>
Spinola
</taxonomicName>
in their revisionary works.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="750936B7FFAAFFCEFF4FD1ACFDA89B71" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
Despite the uncertainty regarding
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFAAFFCEFDA5D1A3FDAB989D" box="[557,603,440,464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">type</typeStatus>
material of the
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFAAFFCEFD77D1A3FCDD989D" box="[767,813,440,464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFC28D1ACFB8F9882" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" box="[928,1151,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFC28D1ACFBD59882" box="[928,1061,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Orthopleura</emphasis>
Spinola
</taxonomicName>
, Article 70.1 of the Code is clear on the validity of the establishment of this genus, stating that “[i]t is to be assumed, in the absence of clear evidence to the contrary, that an author has identified the species correctly when he or she… includes a previously established nominal species in a new nominal genus.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="750936B7FFAAFFCEFF4FD25CFD689ACD" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
While the genus
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFEFFD25CFDA39B12" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" box="[375,595,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFEFFD25CFE0C9B12" box="[375,508,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Orthopleura</emphasis>
Spinola
</taxonomicName>
is demonstrably valid, a great deal of work remains to stabilize the taxonomy of the type species and of other, morphologically similar taxa. A complete modern revision of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFBDFD270FAC39BCE" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" box="[1111,1331,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFBDFD270FB2C9BCE" box="[1111,1244,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Orthopleura</emphasis>
Spinola
</taxonomicName>
is needed and would include, minimally, (1) a thorough redescription of Spinola’s types (Museo Regionale de Scienze Naturali, Turin) and (2) evaluation of this material in relation to Fabricius’ original description, (3) an exhaustive search of the Fabrician material and their past and present repositories (Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen and Zoologische Museum Kiel, respectively) for types matching Fabricius’ description, (4) the formal designation of either
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFAAFFCEFBE0D2E0FB249A5E" box="[1128,1236,763,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
or
<typeStatus id="AA0D8815FFAAFFCEFB70D2E7FAA79A59" box="[1272,1367,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="neotype">neotypes</typeStatus>
as per the specifications of the Code in order to stabilize the identity of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFCC5D304FB849A7A" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[845,1140,799,823]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damicornis">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFCC5D304FBF79A7A" box="[845,1031,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Tillus damicornis</emphasis>
Fabricius
</taxonomicName>
, and (5) an informed evaluation of the validity of other orthopleurine genera, including some discussion of diagnostic characters needed to separate
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D34FFAAFFCEFF1FD37CFE849A32" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,372,871,895]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Orthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EAA5FFAAFFCEFF1FD37CFEEC9A32" box="[151,284,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Orthopleura</emphasis>
Spinola
</taxonomicName>
from other, similar genera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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