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<document id="DB293ECAFCBEA835A820BC07E7DF2797" ID-CLB-Dataset="46698" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3753.6.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="715c7010-c4b2-4910-b707-62a84ba9a6d0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="224299" ID-ZooBank="8DF3EFAA-F8CC-4D4C-A830-D07D76C2D1C0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460366938684" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fragoso, Carlos &amp; Rojas, Patricia" docDate="2014" docId="FD1F87899A52FF8A1DECAB77FE12FCAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03753p572.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3753 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ramiellona americana Gates 1957" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="567" masterDocId="0126FFF19A42FF991D7BAE78FFDBFFB9" masterDocTitle="New species and records of the earthworm genus Ramiellona (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae) from southern Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="572" masterPageNumber="549" pageNumber="565" updateTime="1698295306276" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D38EB73AD851217DE0D755B2FB4A3122">New species and records of the earthworm genus Ramiellona (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae) from southern Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6D70B6F323521E85C6DFAA5437A995B9">Fragoso, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E2BDBA33465A4352D39987993D16569">Rojas, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6A9B9BBD237CD1310612AD84E78936CD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6112BAB0F28E359B281AE47949D4D445">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6AF85C4E3C7E203FA72FF7066C2D7CF2">3753</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BECF61088FE64F606CFADA6CE1FE21BE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DECA077164A5A38CAEB594C2EE4FF1DA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3753.6.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FD1F87899A52FF8A1DECAB77FE12FCAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5616749" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119411004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5616749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD1F87899A52FF8A1DECAB77FE12FCAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD1F87899A52FF8A1DECAB77FE12FCAD" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<subSubSection id="3DAC65149A52FF891DECAB77FED8FAF2" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7509369F9A52FF891DECAB77FD8DFA93" blockId="16.[151,598,1295,1355]" box="[151,598,1295,1322]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<heading id="2E4181F39A52FF891DECAB77FD8DFA93" bold="true" box="[151,598,1295,1322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A52FF891DECAB77FD8DFA93" authority="Gates, 1957" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,598,1295,1322]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DECAB77FD8DFA93" bold="true" box="[151,598,1295,1322]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DECAB77FE70FA90" bold="true" box="[151,427,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Ramiellona americana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11274B6E9A52FF891CC1AB68FD95FA93" author="Gates" box="[442,590,1296,1322]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" refString="Gates, G. (1957) On a new Octochaetinae earthworm supposedly from Guatemala. Breviora, 75, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1957">Gates, 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A52FF891DECAB4AFED8FAF2" blockId="16.[151,598,1295,1355]" box="[151,259,1330,1355]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<figureCitation id="ED8D2A1A9A52FF891DECAB4AFED8FAF2" box="[151,259,1330,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1305,1328]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,381,1275]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[160,1427,375,1280]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ramiellona americana (Gates). IEOL 3098. A. External lateral view of anterior region. Scale 5 mm. B. Dorsal view of spermatheca from segment 9. C. Ventral view of the same spermatheca. Scale 2 mm. D – G: Penial setae from right side of segment 17: D. Seta a. E. Distal portion of seta a. F. Seta b. G. Distal portion of seta b. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224309/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Figure 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DAC65149A52FF891DECAB02FDE3FA77" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7509369F9A52FF891DECAB02FDDFFA29" blockId="16.[151,568,1402,1486]" box="[151,516,1402,1424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55A611B19A52FF891DECAB02FDDFFA29" box="[151,516,1402,1424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A52FF891DECAB02FE24FA29" authority="Gates, 1957: 1" authorityName="Gates" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,511,1402,1424]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Ramiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DECAB02FEBEFA29" box="[151,357,1402,1424]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Ramiella americana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F417108E9A52FF891C10AB02FE24FA29" author="Gates" box="[363,511,1402,1424]" page="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="11274B6E9A52FF891C10AB02FE3CFA29" author="Gates" box="[363,487,1402,1424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" refString="Gates, G. (1957) On a new Octochaetinae earthworm supposedly from Guatemala. Breviora, 75, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1957">Gates, 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 1
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A52FF891DECABE1FDE3FA77" blockId="16.[151,568,1402,1486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55A611B19A52FF891DECABE1FDE3FA77" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A52FF891DECABE1FDEFFA16" authority="Gates 1962: 215" authorityName="Gates" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,564,1433,1455]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DECABE1FEA5FA16" box="[151,382,1433,1455]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Ramiellona americana</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="F417108E9A52FF891CF0ABE1FDEFFA16" author="Gates" box="[395,564,1433,1455]" page="215" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="11274B6E9A52FF891CF0ABE1FDD9FA16" author="Gates" box="[395,514,1433,1455]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" refString="Gates, G. (1962) On some earthworms of Eisen's collections. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 (31), 185 - 225." type="journal article" year="1962">Gates 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 215
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A52FF891DECABC0FDEFFA77" authority="Gates 1978: 442" authorityName="Gates" authorityPageNumber="442" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,564,1464,1486]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DECABC0FEA5FA77" box="[151,382,1464,1486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Ramiellona americana</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="F417108E9A52FF891CF0ABC0FDEFFA77" author="Gates" box="[395,564,1464,1486]" page="442" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="11274B6E9A52FF891CF0ABC0FDD9FA77" author="Gates" box="[395,514,1464,1486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" refString="Gates, G. (1978) On a new species of octochaetid earthworm from Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91 (2), 439 - 443." type="journal article" year="1978">Gates 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 442
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DAC65149A52FF891DECAB82FA88F9E2" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7509369F9A52FF891DECAB82FA88F9E2" blockId="16.[151,1436,1530,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DECAB82FE7AF9AA" bold="true" box="[151,417,1530,1555]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Locality and material.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="0DA1760F9A52FF891CD3AB82FDFFF9AA" box="[424,548,1530,1555]" name="Guatemala" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, Puerta parada, Municipality of Santa Catarina Pinula, outside
<collectingCountry id="0DA1760F9A52FF891990AB82FABFF9AA" box="[1259,1380,1530,1555]" name="Guatemala" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
City and 0.5 km from Panamerican Hwy. Forest of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A52FF891FBFA867FCE3F98F" box="[708,824,1567,1590]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891FBFA867FCE3F98F" box="[708,824,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Cupressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in regeneration, property of J. Schuster. In a pond.
<geoCoordinate id="108250589A52FF891DECA83AFE9DF9E2" box="[151,326,1602,1627]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" precision="1" value="14.557692">14°33’27.69”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="108250589A52FF891C2AA83BFDD8F9E2" box="[337,515,1603,1627]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" precision="1" value="-90.48614">90°29’10.12”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="B24E9B7A9A52FF891F74A83BFDBFF9E3" box="[527,612,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
a.s.l.. 1CA (posterior amputee).
<date id="0108105F9A52FF891EA8A83AFB8EF9E2" box="[979,1109,1602,1627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" value="1993-06-06">06/06/1993</date>
, P. Reyes,
<collectionCode id="13A7AE5A9A52FF8919B6A83BFAD6F9E2" box="[1229,1293,1603,1627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">IEOL</collectionCode>
3098.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DAC65149A52FF8B1DBCA81EFB0DFDC2" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" type="description">
<paragraph id="7509369F9A52FF881DBCA81EFA47FEF9" blockId="16.[151,1436,1530,2023]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DBCA81EFE0AF9C6" bold="true" box="[199,465,1638,1663]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Description. External.</emphasis>
Length nearly
<quantity id="B24E9B7A9A52FF891FF9A81FFD38F9C7" box="[642,739,1639,1663]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
, coiled and amputee; width postclitellar 13.5 mm. Segments more than 232. Pigment absent. Color gray-brownish, probably due to conservation in alcohol for 19 years. Prostomium evaginated, probably prolobous. One secondary annulation visible from segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF8919C4A8D6FB16F97E" bold="true" box="[1215,1229,1710,1735]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">4</emphasis>
, but more evident in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DCEA8AAFF18F952" bold="true" box="[181,195,1746,1771]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">5</emphasis>
; behind clitellum hardly visible, completely absent in last segments. Setae eight per segment, closely paired, minute and difficult to see;
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891CB1A88EFE3DF8B6" box="[458,486,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">ab</emphasis>
visible from
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891F07A88EFD51F8B6" bold="true" box="[636,650,1782,1807]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">7</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891FE3A88EFD68F8B6" box="[664,691,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">cd</emphasis>
visible in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891E53A88EFC9FF8B6" bold="true" box="[808,836,1782,1807]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">13</emphasis>
and then only behind clitellum; towards the posterior region the setae still minute but thicker. Setal formula (
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891E67A962FC11F88A" box="[796,970,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">aa:ab:bc:cd:dd</emphasis>
): segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891936A962FBB2F88A" bold="true" box="[1101,1129,1818,1843]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">30</emphasis>
: 8.4:1:8.4:0.8:48; segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DECA946FF1AF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,193,1854,1879]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">225</emphasis>
: 6.8:1:5:0.8:41;
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891C07A946FE43F8EE" box="[380,408,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">dd</emphasis>
&lt;1/2U. Paired penial setae (
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891F9AA947FD34F8EF" box="[737,751,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">a</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891E5DA946FCEFF8EE" box="[806,820,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">b</emphasis>
) in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891E18A946FCA4F8EE" bold="true" box="[867,895,1854,1879]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">17</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891ECDA946FC09F8EE" bold="true" box="[950,978,1854,1879]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">19</emphasis>
, all similar in shape and size (
<figureCitation id="ED8D2A1A9A52FF891852A946FAA3F8EE" box="[1321,1400,1854,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1305,1328]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,381,1275]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[160,1427,375,1280]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ramiellona americana (Gates). IEOL 3098. A. External lateral view of anterior region. Scale 5 mm. B. Dorsal view of spermatheca from segment 9. C. Ventral view of the same spermatheca. Scale 2 mm. D – G: Penial setae from right side of segment 17: D. Seta a. E. Distal portion of seta a. F. Seta b. G. Distal portion of seta b. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224309/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D– G). Both setae
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891C35A91CFE87F8C2" box="[334,348,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">a</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891CE6A91AFE70F8C2" box="[413,427,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">b</emphasis>
characterized by three regions: a basal slightly curved zone, a straight region which represents the main body and a distal part, curved between 45° and 90°. The distal apex slightly twisted, ending as a very thin filament. No ornamentation present in any region of the setae. Size of the straight region
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF89186FA9D4FAFCF87A" box="[1300,1319,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">c.</emphasis>
2.44 mm. Setae
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891DA0A9B7FF32F85F" box="[219,233,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">a</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891C5BA9B6FEF5F85E" box="[288,302,1998,2023]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">b</emphasis>
of
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891C2FA9B6FEABF85E" bold="true" box="[340,368,1998,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">18</emphasis>
small and difficult to see. Clitellum saddle-shaped in
<date id="0108105F9A52FF891EB4A9B7FBCCF85E" box="[975,1047,1998,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565" value="2013-02-01">
1/2
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A52FF891E80A9B6FBCCF85E" bold="true" box="[1019,1047,1998,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="565">13</emphasis>
</date>
–20 (8.5 segments), hardly visible, ventrally reaching
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881C16AEE0FE54FF16" box="[365,399,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">AB</emphasis>
. Dorsal pores present all along the body, first pore in 13/14. Paired spermathecal pores as transverse slits in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881C1AAEC4FE58FF6A" box="[353,387,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">AB</emphasis>
of 7/8 and 8/9; very small (
<quantity id="B24E9B7A9A53FF881FC4AEC4FD24FF6D" box="[703,767,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
) in relation to the size of the worm, and slightly larger than
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881DECAEA7FF68FF41" box="[151,179,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">ab</emphasis>
. Female pores in equator of
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881C8FAEA7FDCBFF41" bold="true" box="[500,528,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">14</emphasis>
, just to the level of
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881F8BAEA7FCD7FF41" box="[752,780,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">ab</emphasis>
. Male pores not recognized. Two pairs of minute prostatic pores in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881D82AF7CFECEFEA4" bold="true" box="[249,277,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">17</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881C37AF7CFEB3FEA4" bold="true" box="[332,360,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">19</emphasis>
, on small protuberances, in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881FD3AF7CFD62FEA2" box="[680,697,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">A</emphasis>
, joined by parenthesis-shaped seminal grooves, which run in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881808AF7CFA4EFEA2" box="[1395,1429,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">AB</emphasis>
. Unpaired elliptical genital marks in the mid-ventral line of 16/17,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881E03AF5FFC4FFEF9" bold="true" box="[888,916,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">20</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881EB0AF5FFC3CFEF9" bold="true" box="[971,999,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">21</emphasis>
, extending from AB to AB (
<figureCitation id="ED8D2A1A9A53FF88185CAF5FFAA3FEF9" box="[1319,1400,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1305,1328]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,381,1275]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[160,1427,375,1280]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ramiellona americana (Gates). IEOL 3098. A. External lateral view of anterior region. Scale 5 mm. B. Dorsal view of spermatheca from segment 9. C. Ventral view of the same spermatheca. Scale 2 mm. D – G: Penial setae from right side of segment 17: D. Seta a. E. Distal portion of seta a. F. Seta b. G. Distal portion of seta b. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224309/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<caption id="21C966179A53FF881DECAB61FA4DFAC9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224309/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="566" targetBox="[164,1425,381,1275]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="7509369F9A53FF881DECAB61FA4DFAC9" blockId="17.[151,1436,1304,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881DECAB61FD5DFA89" bold="true" box="[151,646,1304,1328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">
FIGURE 10.
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A53FF881C4BAB60FD5DFA89" authority="Gates" authorityName="Gates" box="[304,646,1304,1328]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="17" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881C4BAB60FDF7FA89" bold="true" box="[304,556,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">Ramiellona americana</emphasis>
(Gates)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. IEOL 3098.
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881E65AB61FCE3FA89" bold="true" box="[798,824,1305,1328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">A.</emphasis>
External lateral view of anterior region. Scale 5 mm.
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF8818FFAB61FA40FA89" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1305,1328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">B.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of spermatheca from segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881F1CAB41FDAFFAE9" bold="true" box="[615,628,1337,1360]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">9</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881FF9AB41FD40FAE9" bold="true" box="[642,667,1337,1360]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">C.</emphasis>
Ventral view of the same spermatheca. Scale 2 mm.
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF8819A3AB41FAD6FAE9" bold="true" box="[1240,1293,1337,1360]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">D–G</emphasis>
: Penial setae from right side of segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881CC3AB21FE09FAC9" bold="true" box="[440,466,1369,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">17</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881C9AAB21FE20FAC9" bold="true" box="[481,507,1369,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">D.</emphasis>
Seta
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881F4DAB21FD98FAC9" box="[566,579,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">a</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881F2AAB21FDB2FAC9" bold="true" box="[593,617,1369,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">E.</emphasis>
Distal portion of seta
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881E2CAB21FCBFFAC9" box="[855,868,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">a</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881E0AAB21FC58FAC9" bold="true" box="[881,899,1369,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">F.</emphasis>
Seta
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881EBAAB20FC15FAC9" box="[961,974,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">b</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881EA7AB21FC2AFAC9" bold="true" box="[988,1009,1369,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">G.</emphasis>
Distal portion of seta
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881999AB20FB34FAC9" box="[1250,1263,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">b</emphasis>
. Scale 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A53FF881DBCABE1FBA4F917" blockId="17.[151,1436,1433,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881DBCABE1FEEBFA0B" bold="true" box="[199,304,1433,1458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">Internal.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="0DA1760F9A53FF881C43ABE1FEADFA08" box="[312,374,1433,1457]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">Septa</collectingCountry>
<date id="0108105F9A53FF881C04ABE1FE2BFA0B" box="[383,496,1433,1458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566" value="2012-06-05" valueMax="2012-11-05" valueMin="2012-06-05">5/6–11/12</date>
strongly muscular, funnel-shaped and imbricated, joined by large muscular fibers; posteriorly thin and membranous. Four muscular fibers at septa 5/6–7/8, two dorsal and two lateral; eight fibers at septa
<date id="0108105F9A53FF881DA2AB99FF24FA40" box="[217,255,1505,1529]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566" value="2012-09">8/9</date>
,
<date id="0108105F9A53FF881C77AB99FE63FA40" box="[268,440,1505,1530]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566" value="2012-10-09" valueMax="2012-11-09" valueMin="2012-10-09">9/10 and 11/12</date>
, four dorsal (two on each side), four lateral (two in each side). All septa joined to body wall except septum 10/11 which is completely united to 11/12. One large gizzard in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF88192EA87DFBB8F9A7" bold="true" box="[1109,1123,1541,1566]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">5</emphasis>
. Calciferous glands absent; esophagus in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881C4AA851FEBCF9FB" bold="true" box="[305,359,1577,1602]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">9–11</emphasis>
with thin lamellae projecting from the entire esophageal wall. Intestinal origin not recognized, somewhere in the region of segments
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881F38A835FD52F9DF" bold="true" box="[579,649,1613,1638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">14–16</emphasis>
. Dorsal typhlosole starting abruptly in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF88193FA835FBBBF9DF" bold="true" box="[1092,1120,1613,1638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">20</emphasis>
, as a single and big lamina; from
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881DACA809FF28F933" bold="true" box="[215,243,1649,1674]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">30</emphasis>
on the free edge with two slight folds (i.e. typhlosole bifid), the main lamina with lateral dorso-ventral folds, ending in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881C36A8EDFEACF917" bold="true" box="[333,375,1685,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">189</emphasis>
. Paired and dorsal intestinal caeca in each of segments
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881E9EA8EDFBF7F917" bold="true" box="[997,1068,1685,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">20–25</emphasis>
(n =6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A53FF881DBCA8C1FEF4F813" blockId="17.[151,1436,1433,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">
Single dorsal vessel visible throughout. Supra-esophageal vessel visible in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881958A8C1FB80F96B" bold="true" box="[1059,1115,1721,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">9–12</emphasis>
. Lateral hearts in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881854A8C1FAE6F96B" bold="true" box="[1327,1341,1721,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">9</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881803A8C1FA4FF96B" bold="true" box="[1400,1428,1721,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">10</emphasis>
; large latero-esophageal hearts in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881F59A8A5FDE1F94F" bold="true" box="[546,570,1757,1782]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">11</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881FFBA8A5FD47F94F" bold="true" box="[640,668,1757,1782]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">12</emphasis>
. The excretory system characterized by three different kinds of nephridia: i) paired tufts of micronephridia on the floor of segments
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881EEBA979FC45F8A3" bold="true" box="[912,926,1793,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881ED7A979FC61F8A3" bold="true" box="[940,954,1793,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">3</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881E94A979FC26F8A3" bold="true" box="[1007,1021,1793,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">4</emphasis>
, at both sides of the pharynx; ii) four clusters of tufted micronephridia in each of segments
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881F81A95DFCEBF887" bold="true" box="[762,816,1829,1854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">5–11</emphasis>
, two fixed dorso-laterally to the posterior septum, and two on the floor at both sides of the mid-ventral line; iii) closed parietal meronephridia from
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF8819E7A931FB63F8DB" bold="true" box="[1180,1208,1865,1890]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">13</emphasis>
on backwards,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF88181DA932FAA2F8D8" box="[1382,1401,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">c.</emphasis>
18 at each side (=36 per segment), joined by a transverse cord. The median-ventral nephridium of last segments with a nephrostome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A53FF8B1DBCA9CDFC5DFE31" blockId="17.[151,1436,1433,2034]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">
Metandric, testes and male funnels only in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A53FF881FD6A9CDFD1DF877" bold="true" box="[685,710,1973,1998]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566">11</emphasis>
, within a closed testicular chamber formed by the total union of septa
<date id="0108105F9A53FF881DA2A9A1FE4AF848" box="[217,401,2009,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="566" value="2012-10-11" valueMax="2012-10-11" valueMin="2012-10-11">10/11 and 11/12</date>
, which also encloses all the somatic structures of this segment. Testes large, tuft-like; male funnels small, slightly iridescent and plicate. Male gonoducts thick and large, entering the body wall in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B184AAEEFFA96FF09" bold="true" box="[1329,1357,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">13</emphasis>
at
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1809AEE0FA4FFF16" box="[1394,1428,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AB</emphasis>
; due to their size, they can be observed posteriorly even inside the body wall. One pair of large acinous dorso-lateral seminal vesicles in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1C03AEA7FE4FFF41" bold="true" box="[376,404,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">12</emphasis>
, fixed to septum 11/12 and completely covering the esophagus and dorsal vessels. Paired tubular prostates in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1C03AF7CFE4FFEA4" bold="true" box="[376,404,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">17</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1CB6AF7CFE32FEA4" bold="true" box="[461,489,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">19</emphasis>
, small, folded and extending one or two segments backwards, fixed to the floor by connective tissue of the involved septa; muscular duct and glandular part almost the same width, but the latter 4–5 times longer than duct. Penial setae
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F51AF35FDE3FEDD" box="[554,568,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">a</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F14AF34FDA6FEDC" box="[623,637,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">b</emphasis>
within separate follicles, each one with two or three undeveloped extra setae. Follicles with some muscular stripes extending to body wall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A50FF8B1DBCAFECFA99FDA1" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Ovaries in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1C3EAFECFEBAFE14" bold="true" box="[325,353,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">13</emphasis>
, very small, bushy and with numerous eggs dispersed all over, not in rows; female funnels not recognized. Two pairs of spermathecae in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F0BAFCFFDA5FE69" bold="true" box="[624,638,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">8</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1FCFAFCFFD19FE69" bold="true" box="[692,706,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">9</emphasis>
, tightly attached to the floor, without diverticle and measuring in total length 3.3 mm. Ampulla ovoid, projecting posteriorly, its anterior part covering the underlying muscular duct, posterior part with a mesial curvature; no iridescence or external seminal chambers observed (
<figureCitation id="ED8D2A1A9A50FF8B19CEAF87FADCFDA1" box="[1205,1287,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1305,1328]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,381,1275]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[160,1427,375,1280]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ramiellona americana (Gates). IEOL 3098. A. External lateral view of anterior region. Scale 5 mm. B. Dorsal view of spermatheca from segment 9. C. Ventral view of the same spermatheca. Scale 2 mm. D – G: Penial setae from right side of segment 17: D. Seta a. E. Distal portion of seta a. F. Seta b. G. Distal portion of seta b. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224309/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B,C).
</paragraph>
<caption id="21C966179A50FF8B1DECAC3CFA47FDE2" ID-Table-UUID="21C966179A50FF8B1DECAC3CFA47FDE2" box="[151,1436,579,603]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/21C966179A50FF8B1DECAC3CFA47FDE2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" targetBox="[151,1436,660,968]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="7509369F9A50FF8B1DECAC3CFA47FDE2" blockId="18.[151,1436,579,635]" box="[151,1436,579,603]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1DECAC3CFED2FDE2" bold="true" box="[151,265,580,603]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphological comparisons between original descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B1EE5AC3CFB68FDE2" authority="Gates, 1957" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1957" box="[926,1203,580,603]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1EE5AC3CFBF5FDE2" box="[926,1070,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">R. americana</emphasis>
Gates, 1957
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B199DAC3CFA4CFDE2" authority="Gates" authorityName="Gates" box="[1254,1431,579,603]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lavellei">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B199DAC3CFA88FDE2" box="[1254,1363,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">R. lavellei</emphasis>
Gates
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A50FF8B1DECAC1CFB0DFDC2" blockId="18.[151,1436,579,635]" box="[151,1238,612,635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
1978 and the single individual found in Puerta Parada,
<collectingCountry id="0DA1760F9A50FF8B1F9AAC1CFC8EFDC2" box="[737,853,612,635]" name="Guatemala" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
currently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B193BAC1CFB14FDC2" box="[1088,1231,612,635]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B193BAC1CFB14FDC2" box="[1088,1231,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">R. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A50FF8B1DE7ACECFB03FC71" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<table id="07B6C43F9A5000661DECACECFA47FC71" box="[151,1436,660,968]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECACECFA47FD71" box="[151,1436,660,712]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECACECFE81FD71" box="[151,346,660,712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Character</th>
<th id="88575DA19A5000661CA6ACECFD5CFD71" box="[477,647,660,712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B1CA6ACEDFDBEFD13" box="[477,613,661,682]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1CA6ACEDFDBEFD13" box="[477,613,661,682]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">R. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GUA)
</th>
<th id="88575DA19A5000661E65ACECFC2FFD71" box="[798,1012,660,712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B1E65ACEDFC5DFD13" box="[798,902,660,682]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lavellei">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E65ACEDFC5DFD13" box="[798,902,660,682]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">R. lavellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chiapas (MEX)
</th>
<th id="88575DA19A500066191BACECFA47FD71" box="[1120,1436,660,712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B191BACEDFB37FD71" authority="Puerta Parada" authorityName="Puerta Parada" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B191BACEDFB33FD13" box="[1120,1256,661,682]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">R. americana</emphasis>
Puerta Parada
</taxonomicName>
(GUA)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECACAEFA47FCA9" box="[151,1436,726,784]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECACAEFE81FCA9" box="[151,346,726,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Length (mm) Width (mm)</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6ACAEFD5CFCA9" box="[477,647,726,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">133 8</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65ACAEFC2FFCA9" box="[798,1012,726,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">427 13</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BACAEFA47FCA9" box="[1120,1436,726,784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B191BACA0FBAAFD54" box="[1120,1137,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">c.</emphasis>
200 (amputee) 13.5
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECAD66FA47FC8D" box="[151,1436,798,820]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECAD66FE81FC8D" box="[151,346,798,820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">No. Segments</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6AD66FD5CFC8D" box="[477,647,798,820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">217</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65AD66FC2FFC8D" box="[798,1012,798,820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">408</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BAD66FA47FC8D" box="[1120,1436,798,820]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">223 (amputee)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECAD3AFA47FCE1" box="[151,1436,834,856]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECAD3AFE81FCE1" box="[151,346,834,856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Setae relationships</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6AD3AFD5CFCE1" box="[477,647,834,856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1CA6AD3BFDDBFCE1" box="[477,512,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">CD</emphasis>
&lt;
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F74AD3BFDF5FCE1" box="[527,558,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AB</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F41AD3BFD82FCE1" box="[570,601,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AA</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F1CAD3BFD5CFCE1" box="[615,647,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">BC</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65AD3AFC2FFCE1" box="[798,1012,834,856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E65AD3BFC9AFCE1" box="[798,833,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">CD</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E2BAD3BFCB4FCE1" box="[848,879,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AB</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E07AD3BFC40FCE1" box="[892,923,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AA</emphasis>
≈
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1ED3AD3BFC12FCE1" box="[936,969,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">BC</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BAD3AFA47FCE1" box="[1120,1436,834,856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B191BAD3BFB58FCE1" box="[1120,1155,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">CD</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19EAAD3BFB6BFCE1" box="[1169,1200,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AB</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19C6AD3BFB07FCE1" box="[1213,1244,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AA</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1991AD3BFAD1FCE1" box="[1258,1290,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">BC</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECAD1EFA47FCC5" box="[151,1436,870,892]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECAD1EFE81FCC5" box="[151,346,870,892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">1st dorsal pore</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6AD1EFD5CFCC5" box="[477,647,870,892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">11/12</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65AD1EFC2FFCC5" box="[798,1012,870,892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">12/13</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BAD1EFA47FCC5" box="[1120,1436,870,892]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">13/14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECADF2FA47FC1D" box="[151,1436,906,932]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECADF2FE81FC1D" box="[151,346,906,932]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Clitellum</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6ADF2FD5CFC1D" box="[477,647,906,932]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1CA6ADF5FE2DFC1A" bold="true" box="[477,502,909,931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">13</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1C8CADF2FDDEFC1D" bold="true" box="[503,517,906,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F7EADF5FDC5FC1A" bold="true" box="[517,542,909,931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">20</emphasis>
(8)
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65ADF2FC2FFC1D" box="[798,1012,906,932]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E65ADF5FCECFC1A" bold="true" box="[798,823,909,931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">13</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E43ADF2FC9CFC1D" bold="true" box="[824,839,906,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E3DADF5FCBBFC1A" bold="true" box="[838,864,909,931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">22</emphasis>
(10)
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BADF2FA47FC1D" box="[1120,1436,906,932]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
1/2
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19FDADF5FB44FC1A" bold="true" box="[1158,1183,909,931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">13</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19DBADF2FB74FC1D" bold="true" box="[1184,1199,906,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19D5ADF5FB13FC1A" bold="true" box="[1198,1224,909,931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">20</emphasis>
(8 1/2)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECADCAFA47FC71" box="[151,1436,946,968]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECADCAFE81FC71" box="[151,346,946,968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Female pores</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6ADCAFD5CFC71" box="[477,647,946,968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1CA6ADCBFE27FC71" box="[477,508,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AA</emphasis>
, pre-equator
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65ADCAFC2FFC71" box="[798,1012,946,968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Median to
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1EF7ADCBFC40FC71" box="[908,923,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">A</emphasis>
, equator
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BADCAFA47FC71" box="[1120,1436,946,968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B191BADCBFBA4FC71" box="[1120,1151,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AB</emphasis>
, equator
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7509369F9A50FF8B1DE7ADAEFB0CF962" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<table id="07B6C43F9A5000661DECADAEFA47F962" box="[151,1436,982,1755]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECADAEFA47FBB2" box="[151,1436,982,1035]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECADAEFE13FBB2" box="[151,456,982,1035]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Genital marks</th>
<th id="88575DA19A5000661CA6ADAEFCD3FBB2" box="[477,776,982,1035]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Absent</th>
<th id="88575DA19A5000661E65ADAEFB9AFBB2" box="[798,1089,982,1035]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Paired, 15/16, 16/17, 19/20, 20/21</th>
<th id="88575DA19A500066191BADAEFA47FBB2" box="[1120,1436,982,1035]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Unpaired, 16/17, 20/21</th>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECAA61FA47FBCB" box="[151,1436,1049,1138]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECAA61FE13FBCB" box="[151,456,1049,1138]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Testicular chamber Calciferous lamellae</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6AA61FCD3FBCB" box="[477,776,1049,1138]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Yes; 10/11/12 No</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65AA61FB9AFBCB" box="[798,1089,1049,1138]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Not mentioned Yes, small in segments
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1977AA38FBC3FBEF" bold="true" box="[1036,1048,1088,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">6</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1963AA44FBFCFBEF" bold="true" box="[1048,1063,1084,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B195CAA38FB9AFBEF" bold="true" box="[1063,1089,1088,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">12</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BAA61FA47FBCB" box="[1120,1436,1049,1138]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Yes; 10/11/12 Yes, larger in segments
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B182AAA45FA85FBEA" bold="true" box="[1361,1374,1085,1107]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">9</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1811AA45FA58FBEA" bold="true" box="[1386,1411,1085,1107]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">10</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B191BAA24FBADFBCB" bold="true" box="[1120,1142,1116,1138]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">11</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECAAF8FA47FB04" box="[151,1436,1152,1213]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECAAF8FE13FB04" box="[151,456,1152,1213]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Typhlosole Lateral typhlosoles</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6AAF8FCD3FB04" box="[477,776,1152,1213]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Laminar, beginning in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1FBFAAF8FD05FB2F" bold="true" box="[708,734,1152,1174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">16</emphasis>
Maybe in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F3FAADEFD86FB05" bold="true" box="[580,605,1190,1212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">21</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F26AADBFDB7FB04" bold="true" box="[605,620,1187,1213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F17AADEFD5DFB05" bold="true" box="[620,646,1190,1212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">28</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65AAF8FB9AFB04" box="[798,1089,1152,1213]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Laminar, beginning in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B197EAAF8FBC4FB2F" bold="true" box="[1029,1055,1152,1174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">16</emphasis>
Not seen
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BAAF8FA47FB04" box="[1120,1436,1152,1213]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Bifid, beginning in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B185DAAF8FA9BFB2F" bold="true" box="[1318,1344,1152,1174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">30</emphasis>
Not seen
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECAAB3FA47FB5C" box="[151,1436,1227,1253]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECAAB3FE13FB5C" box="[151,456,1227,1253]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Caeca</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6AAB3FCD3FB5C" box="[477,776,1227,1253]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1CA6AAB6FE2DFB5D" bold="true" box="[477,502,1230,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">21</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1C8CAAB3FDDEFB5C" bold="true" box="[503,517,1227,1253]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F7EAAB6FDC5FB5D" bold="true" box="[517,542,1230,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">29</emphasis>
(9)
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65AAB3FB9AFB5C" box="[798,1089,1227,1253]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E65AAB6FCECFB5D" bold="true" box="[798,823,1230,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">22</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E43AAB3FC9CFB5C" bold="true" box="[824,839,1227,1253]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1E3DAAB6FCBBFB5D" bold="true" box="[838,864,1230,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">30</emphasis>
(9)
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BAAB3FA47FB5C" box="[1120,1436,1227,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B191BAAB6FBA2FB5D" bold="true" box="[1120,1145,1230,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">20</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1902AAB3FB5CFB5C" bold="true" box="[1145,1159,1227,1253]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19F3AAB6FB7AFB5D" bold="true" box="[1160,1185,1230,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">25</emphasis>
(6)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECAA8CFA47FA25" box="[151,1436,1268,1436]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECAA8CFE13FA25" box="[151,456,1268,1436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Tufted meronephria Septal meronephria No. of parietal meronephridia</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6AA8CFCD3FA25" box="[477,776,1268,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">4/5 5/6–11/12 paired, ventral 18–20, joined by a transverse cord</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65AA8CFB9AFA25" box="[798,1089,1268,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">4/5? 36–40</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BAA8CFA47FA25" box="[1120,1436,1268,1436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B191BAA8CFBB6FAB3" bold="true" box="[1120,1133,1268,1290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1902AA8CFB5EFAB3" bold="true" box="[1145,1157,1268,1290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">3</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19E8AA8CFB7BFAB3" bold="true" box="[1171,1184,1268,1290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">4</emphasis>
5/6–11/12 paired, ventral and latero dorsal 36 joined by a transverse cord
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECABD2FA47FA79" box="[151,1436,1450,1472]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECABD2FE13FA79" box="[151,456,1450,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Testes</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6ABD2FCD3FA79" box="[477,776,1450,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Metandric</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65ABD2FB9AFA79" box="[798,1089,1450,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Metandric</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BABD2FA47FA79" box="[1120,1436,1450,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Metandric</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECABB6FA47FA5D" box="[151,1436,1486,1508]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECABB6FE13FA5D" box="[151,456,1486,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Seminal Vesicles</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6ABB6FCD3FA5D" box="[477,776,1486,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
One pair in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F2EABB6FDB4FA5D" bold="true" box="[597,623,1486,1508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">12</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65ABB6FB9AFA5D" box="[798,1089,1486,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
One pair in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1EECABB6FC6AFA5D" bold="true" box="[919,945,1486,1508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">12</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BABB6FA47FA5D" box="[1120,1436,1486,1508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
One pair in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19A3ABB6FB29FA5D" bold="true" box="[1240,1266,1486,1508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">12</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECAB8AFA47F9B1" box="[151,1436,1522,1544]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECAB8AFE13F9B1" box="[151,456,1522,1544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Male gonoduct</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6AB8AFCD3F9B1" box="[477,776,1522,1544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Supraparietal in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1FFFAB8BFD7EF9B1" box="[644,677,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">BC</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65AB8AFB9AF9B1" box="[798,1089,1522,1544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Supraparietal?</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BAB8AFA47F9B1" box="[1120,1436,1522,1544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
Intraparietal? in
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B187CAB8BFAFDF9B1" box="[1287,1318,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">AB</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECA86EFA47F995" box="[151,1436,1558,1580]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECA86EFE13F995" box="[151,456,1558,1580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Spermatheca</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6A86EFCD3F995" box="[477,776,1558,1580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">With seminal chamber</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65A86EFB9AF995" box="[798,1089,1558,1580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Without seminal chamber</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BA86EFA47F995" box="[1120,1436,1558,1580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Without seminal chamber</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECA842FA47F9E9" box="[151,1436,1594,1616]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECA842FE13F9E9" box="[151,456,1594,1616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Duct</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6A842FCD3F9E9" box="[477,776,1594,1616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Wider than ampulla</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65A842FB9AF9E9" box="[798,1089,1594,1616]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Narrower than ampulla?</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BA842FA47F9E9" box="[1120,1436,1594,1616]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Narrower than ampulla</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECA826FA47F9CD" box="[151,1436,1630,1652]" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECA826FE13F9CD" box="[151,456,1630,1652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Penial setae dimorphism</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6A826FCD3F9CD" box="[477,776,1630,1652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">No</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65A826FB9AF9CD" box="[798,1089,1630,1652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">No</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BA826FA47F9CD" box="[1120,1436,1630,1652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">No</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECA8FAFA47F921" box="[151,1436,1666,1688]" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECA8FAFE13F921" box="[151,456,1666,1688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Penial setae length</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6A8FAFCD3F921" box="[477,776,1666,1688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">3.2 mm</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65A8FAFB9AF921" box="[798,1089,1666,1688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">More than 5mm</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BA8FAFA47F921" box="[1120,1436,1666,1688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Nearly 3mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB8634DD9A5000661DECA8DEFA47F962" box="[151,1436,1702,1755]" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<th id="88575DA19A5000661DECA8DEFE13F962" box="[151,456,1702,1755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Penial setae apex</th>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661CA6A8DEFCD3F962" box="[477,776,1702,1755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">With a bend of 90°, ornamented</td>
<td id="88575DA19A5000661E65A8DEFB9AF962" box="[798,1089,1702,1755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Bent, very thin</td>
<td id="88575DA19A500066191BA8DEFA47F962" box="[1120,1436,1702,1755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">With a bend of 90°, not ornamented</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="3DAC65149A50FF8A1DBCA967FE12FCAD" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="568" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7509369F9A50FF8A1DBCA967FE12FCAD" blockId="18.[151,1436,1823,2029]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="568" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1DBCA967FEE0F881" bold="true" box="[199,315,1823,1848]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B1C3EA959FE3BF881" box="[325,480,1825,1848]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1C3EA959FE3BF881" box="[325,480,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">R. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B1F65A959FD4FF881" box="[542,660,1823,1848]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lavellei">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F65A959FD4FF881" box="[542,660,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">R. lavellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar species which were both described from a single specimen, the first intercepted in soils supposedly from
<collectingCountry id="0DA1760F9A50FF8B1E68A93CFC57F8E4" box="[787,908,1860,1885]" name="Guatemala" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11274B6E9A50FF8B1EE7A93DFBC4F8E4" author="Gates" box="[924,1055,1860,1885]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" refString="Gates, G. (1957) On a new Octochaetinae earthworm supposedly from Guatemala. Breviora, 75, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1957">Gates 1957</bibRefCitation>
) and the second collected in pine forests of central Chiapas,
<collectingCountry id="0DA1760F9A50FF8B1CB0A910FDFBF838" box="[459,544,1896,1921]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11274B6E9A50FF8B1F4AA911FD63F838" author="Gates" box="[561,696,1897,1921]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" refString="Gates, G. (1978) On a new species of octochaetid earthworm from Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91 (2), 439 - 443." type="journal article" year="1978">Gates 1978</bibRefCitation>
). The Puerta Parada individual of this study presents similarities with both species, mainly by the complete metandry (loss of testes and male funnels of segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B19BCA9F4FB38F81C" bold="true" box="[1223,1251,1932,1957]" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">10</emphasis>
). The metandric condition (complete or incomplete,
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1F51A9C9FD96F871" box="[554,589,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">i.e.</emphasis>
only the loss of testes) is common in the majority of the Central American species of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A50FF8B1C60A9ACFE47F854" box="[283,412,2004,2029]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="18" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A50FF8B1C60A9ACFE47F854" box="[283,412,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="567">Ramiellona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and hitherto only recorded in one Mexican species. Other changes that accompany metandry are the testicular chamber of segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1FB6AEEFFD33FF09" bold="true" box="[717,744,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">11</emphasis>
and a single pair or seminal vesicles in segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A184FAEEFFA8BFF09" bold="true" box="[1332,1360,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">12</emphasis>
. In
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A18FFAEE1FE7CFF6C" authority="Gates (1957)" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1957" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A18FFAEE1FED4FF6D" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">R. americana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11274B6E9A51FF8A1C6EAEC4FE7CFF6C" author="Gates" box="[277,423,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" refString="Gates, G. (1957) On a new Octochaetinae earthworm supposedly from Guatemala. Breviora, 75, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1957">Gates (1957)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
stated that the testicular chamber is complete and that it encloses digestive and circulatory systems of segment
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1C03AEA7FE4FFF41" bold="true" box="[376,404,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">10</emphasis>
, making them visible only after separating completely the fused septa 10/11 from that of 11/ 12.
<tableCitation id="383403249A51FF8A1DB9AF7CFECEFEA5" box="[194,277,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="18.[151,239,580,603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,660,968]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological comparisons between original descriptions of R. americana Gates, 1957 and R. lavellei Gates," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/21C966179A50FF8B1DECAC3CFA47FDE2" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" tableUuid="21C966179A50FF8B1DECAC3CFA47FDE2">Table 2</tableCitation>
shows some characters shared by
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A1FE7AF7DFCE8FEA5" box="[668,819,261,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1FE7AF7DFCE8FEA5" box="[668,819,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">R. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A1E39AF7DFC6FFEA4" box="[834,948,260,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lavellei">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1E39AF7DFC6FFEA4" box="[834,948,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">R. lavellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Puerta Parada individual. It can be seen that the Puerta Parada specimen has characters in common with
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A1ED0AF51FB98FEF9" box="[939,1091,297,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1ED0AF51FB98FEF9" box="[939,1091,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">R. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(clitellum, testicular chamber,
<typeStatus id="AA0D883D9A51FF8A1DECAF35FF1CFEDC" box="[151,199,333,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">type</typeStatus>
of septal nephiridia, size of penial setae) and with
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A1E6CAF35FC51FEDC" box="[791,906,332,357]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lavellei">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1E6CAF35FC51FEDC" box="[791,906,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">R. lavellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(setal distances, amount of parietal nephirida,
<typeStatus id="AA0D883D9A51FF8A1DECAF08FF1CFE31" box="[151,199,368,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">type</typeStatus>
of spermathecae), but also that this individual presents some unique characteristics such as the kind of genital marks, the intraparietal male gonoduct, the amount and location of intestinal caeca and the bifid typhlosole. With more individuals available, it will be possible to evaluate the fixation of characters, and a new species or at least a new subspecies may be named. Search of
<typeStatus id="AA0D883D9A51FF8A1FF3AFA5FD63FE4C" box="[648,696,477,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A1E37AFA5FC3DFE4D" box="[844,998,477,500]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1E37AFA5FC3DFE4D" box="[844,998,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">R. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was unsuccessful: The species is not included in the catalogue of Oligochaeta
<typeStatus id="AA0D883D9A51FF8A1F16AC78FD73FDA1" box="[621,680,512,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">types</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11274B6E9A51FF8A1FC2AF87FC11FDA1" author="Reynolds" box="[697,970,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" refString="Reynolds, J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica: a catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">Reynolds &amp; Cook 1976</bibRefCitation>
) and nor was it found, on requesting the curators, in the main museums where G. Gates used to deposit his
<typeStatus id="AA0D883D9A51FF8A1EF9AC5DFC69FD84" box="[898,946,549,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">type</typeStatus>
specimens (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Canadian Museum of Natural History). For now we consider it better to assign the single individual of Puerta Parada to
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A1965AC15FB6EFD3D" box="[1054,1205,621,644]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1965AC15FB6EFD3D" box="[1054,1205,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">R. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, similarities between the Puerta Parada individual and
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A1F02ACE9FCC9FD11" box="[633,786,657,680]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1F02ACE9FCC9FD11" box="[633,786,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">R. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest that the latter species really inhabits
<collectingCountry id="0DA1760F9A51FF8A1860ACF7FA43FD11" box="[1307,1432,655,680]" name="Guatemala" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
. Considering that all the Guatemalan species of
<taxonomicName id="B2B64D1C9A51FF8A1FC4ACCCFC9BFD74" box="[703,832,692,717]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Ramiellona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47C2EA8D9A51FF8A1FC4ACCCFC9BFD74" box="[703,832,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">Ramiellona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found in the west high mountains of the region of Huehuetenango, the record of Puerta Parada extends the distribution of this genus in
<collectingCountry id="0DA1760F9A51FF8A19B6ACAFFA92FD49" box="[1229,1353,727,752]" name="Guatemala" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, nearly
<quantity id="B24E9B7A9A51FF8A1DECAC84FF37FCAC" box="[151,236,764,789]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
southeast (
<figureCitation id="ED8D2A1A9A51FF8A1C11AC84FE60FCAD" box="[362,443,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1146,1169]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,664,1114]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[186,1401,663,1121]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 11. Geographic distribution of Ramiellona strigosa and Ramiellona americana in Mexico and Guatemala (right), and geographic distribution of Ramiellona tojolabala sp. nov., Ramiellona teapaensis sp. nov. and Ramiellona microscolecina sp. nov. in Mexico (left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224310/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="568">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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