134 lines
19 KiB
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134 lines
19 KiB
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<document id="B4D71402705F8EE81B28D2305CAA53A8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5332511" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5332511" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630171528931" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Roháček, Jindřich" docDate="2012" docId="FD152F06FF97CA341EB0FD69FC6AC71E" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2012.52.2.535-558.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF.10:ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Crumomyia pedestris" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="539" masterDocId="012C577EFF93CA301F15FFF3FFD3C22F" masterDocTitle="Wing polymorphism in European species of Sphaeroceridae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="558" masterPageNumber="535" pageNumber="539" updateTime="1699173134872" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C96E18784E194A7439F4D3009158F888">Wing polymorphism in European species of Sphaeroceridae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F9F2D98D4C7D450AD429F8B35BD28925">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7912A427D90DBA4CEAF1D27C2B9E47C2">2012-12-17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FD152F06FF97CA341EB0FD69FC6AC71E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5409960" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD152F06FF97CA341EB0FD69FC6AC71E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD152F06FF97CA341EB0FD69FC6AC71E" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
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<subSubSection id="3DA6CD9BFF97CA341EB0FD69FC8BC09D" box="[421,856,666,691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="75039E10FF97CA341EB0FD69FC8BC09D" blockId="4.[421,856,666,691]" box="[421,856,666,691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
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<heading id="2E4B297CFF97CA341EB0FD69FC8BC09D" bold="true" box="[421,856,666,691]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="47C84202FF97CA341EB0FD69FC8BC09D" bold="true" box="[421,856,666,691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
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1.
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<taxonomicName id="B2BCE593FF97CA341ED5FD68FC8BC09D" ID-CoL="ZS23" authority="(Meigen, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[448,856,666,691]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Crumomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">
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<emphasis id="47C84202FF97CA341ED5FD68FD7AC09C" bold="true" box="[448,681,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Crumomyia pedestris</emphasis>
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(Meigen, 1830)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DA6CD9BFF97CA341D55FD4AFD6EC0E3" box="[576,701,697,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" type="description">
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<paragraph id="75039E10FF97CA341D55FD4AFD6EC0E3" blockId="4.[151,1128,697,865]" box="[576,701,697,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
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(
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<figureCitation id="ED878295FF97CA341D52FD4AFD51C0E3" box="[583,642,697,716]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1230,1249]" captionTargetBox="[183,1094,218,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-11@2.[183,1095,217,1202]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Wing polymorphic Sphaeroceridae. 1 – Crumomyia pedestris (Meigen, 1830), brachypterous male, body length 3.4 mm (Czech Republic: Úvalenské louky res. nr. Krnov); 2 – Pteremis fenestralis (Fallén, 1820), brachypterous male, body length 1.5 mm (Czech Republic: Jizerské hory Mts.– Jizerka); 3–4 – Pullimosina (Pullimosina) meijerei (Duda, 1918): 3 – macropterous female, body length 1.6 mm (Slovakia: Muránska planina Mts. – Šarkanica res.); 4 – male with ambiguous wings, body length 1.45 mm (Slovakia: Muránska planina Mts. – Bobačka cave env.). Photos by J. Roháček." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5332513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5332513/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="ED878295FF97CA341D99FD4AFD64C0E3" box="[652,695,697,716]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,152,1499,1518]" captionTargetBox="[134,1068,219,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[133,1068,219,1472]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 5–11. Crumomyia pedestris (Meigen, 1830), wings. 5 – macropterous female; 6 – submacropterous female (both Slovakia: Tatranská Kotlina – Šarpanec); 7 – large brachypterous female; 8 – medium brachypterous female; 9 – strongly brachypterous female; 10 – almost micropterous male (all Czech Republic: Úvalenské louky res. nr. Krnov); 11 – macropterous male with additional dm-cu cross-vein (Slovakia: Tatranská Kotlina – Šarpanec). Scale: 0.5 mm. Photo by J. Roháček." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5332515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5332515/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">5–11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3DA6CD9BFF97CA341F82FD11FC6AC71E" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="75039E10FF97CA341F82FD11FE14C14F" blockId="4.[151,1128,697,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
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||
<emphasis id="47C84202FF97CA341F82FD11FE9AC0D9" bold="true" box="[151,329,738,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Material examined.</emphasis>
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More than
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<specimenCount id="63BA5599FF97CA341EBCFD10FDF4C0D9" box="[425,551,739,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" type="generic">890 specimens</specimenCount>
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(483 JJ
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<specimenCount id="63BA5599FF97CA341D69FD10FD6CC0D9" box="[636,703,733,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" type="female">410 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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, with only 7 JJ
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<specimenCount id="63BA5599FF97CA341C46FD10FC53C0D9" box="[851,896,733,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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macropterous, 2 JJ
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<specimenCount id="63BA5599FF97CA341B2DFD10FBB6C0D9" box="[1080,1125,733,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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submacropterous and the rest brachypterous to almost micropterous) from Czech Republic, Slovakia – localities listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341FFDFCEBFEAAC104" author="ROHACEK J." box="[232,377,792,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="196 - 207" refId="ref9644" refString="ROHACEK J. 1975 b: Die Flugelpolymorphie bei den europaischen Sphaeroceridenarten und Taxonomie der Limosina heteroneura-Gruppe (Diptera). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 72: 196 - 207." type="journal article" year="1975">ROHÁČEK (1975b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341E91FCEBFE62C104" author="ROHACEK J." box="[388,433,792,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="145 - 160" refId="ref9752" refString="ROHACEK J. 1980: Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) collected by the soil trap method in submountaine areas of North Moravia (Czechoslovakia). Casopis Slezskeho Muzea, Opava (A) 29: 145 - 160." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341EAFFCEBFE34C104" author="ROHACEK J." box="[442,487,792,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="149 - 164" refId="ref9861" refString="ROHACEK J. 1986: Celad Sphaeroceridae. Pp. 149 - 164. In: CEPELAK J. (ed.): Diptera Slovenska II. Veda, Bratislava, 435 pp (in Slovak)." type="book chapter" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341EE4FCEBFDCDC104" author="ROHACEK J." box="[497,542,792,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9900" refString="ROHACEK J. 1991: Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) of Czechoslovakia. Part 2. Crumomyia Macquart. Casopis Slezskeho Zemskeho Muzea, Opava (A) 40: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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, 1999, 2011) and
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341DA9FCEBFC7AC104" author="ROHACEK J. & BARTAK M." box="[700,937,792,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="415 - 423" refId="ref10630" refString="ROHACEK J. & BARTAK M. 2001: Sphaeroceridae. In: BARTAK M. & VANHARA J. (eds.): Diptera in an industrially affected region (north-western Bohemia, Bilina and Duchcov environs), II. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia 105: 415 - 423." type="journal article" year="2001">ROHÁČEK & BARTÁK (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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. Additional localities:
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<emphasis id="47C84202FF97CA341F82FCC1FE6AC169" bold="true" box="[151,441,818,838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
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<collectingCountry id="0DABDE80FF97CA341F82FCC1FE89C169" box="[151,346,818,838]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">CZECH REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="B77850F2FF97CA341E76FCC0FE61C16B" box="[355,434,819,838]" country="Czech Republic" name="Jihomoravsky" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">MORAVIA</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Hrubý Jeseník Mts. – Rejvíz res. (
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<collectionCode id="13AD06D5FF97CA341DF5FCC0FD23C169" box="[736,752,819,838]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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. Kavalcová leg.).
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<emphasis id="47C84202FF97CA341C9FFCC1FBD3C169" bold="true" box="[906,1024,818,838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
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<collectingCountry id="0DABDE80FF97CA341C9FFCC1FC2FC169" box="[906,1020,818,838]" name="Slovakia" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">SLOVAKIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Velká Fatra Mts. – Rakša res. (J. Roháček leg.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75039E10FF97CA341FA0FC8AFC6AC71E" blockId="4.[151,1127,889,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
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The species is usually strongly brachypterous to almost micropterous (
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<figureCitation id="ED878295FF97CA341C68FC8AFC11C1BE" box="[893,962,889,913]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1230,1249]" captionTargetBox="[183,1094,218,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-11@2.[183,1095,217,1202]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Wing polymorphic Sphaeroceridae. 1 – Crumomyia pedestris (Meigen, 1830), brachypterous male, body length 3.4 mm (Czech Republic: Úvalenské louky res. nr. Krnov); 2 – Pteremis fenestralis (Fallén, 1820), brachypterous male, body length 1.5 mm (Czech Republic: Jizerské hory Mts.– Jizerka); 3–4 – Pullimosina (Pullimosina) meijerei (Duda, 1918): 3 – macropterous female, body length 1.6 mm (Slovakia: Muránska planina Mts. – Šarkanica res.); 4 – male with ambiguous wings, body length 1.45 mm (Slovakia: Muránska planina Mts. – Bobačka cave env.). Photos by J. Roháček." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5332513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5332513/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="ED878295FF97CA341CD8FC8AFBD6C1BE" box="[973,1029,889,913]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,152,1499,1518]" captionTargetBox="[134,1068,219,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[133,1068,219,1472]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 5–11. Crumomyia pedestris (Meigen, 1830), wings. 5 – macropterous female; 6 – submacropterous female (both Slovakia: Tatranská Kotlina – Šarpanec); 7 – large brachypterous female; 8 – medium brachypterous female; 9 – strongly brachypterous female; 10 – almost micropterous male (all Czech Republic: Úvalenské louky res. nr. Krnov); 11 – macropterous male with additional dm-cu cross-vein (Slovakia: Tatranská Kotlina – Šarpanec). Scale: 0.5 mm. Photo by J. Roháček." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5332515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5332515/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">7–10</figureCitation>
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).Already
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341F82FC6AFEF3C19E" author="GUIBE J." box="[151,288,921,945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref9262" refString="GUIBE J. 1939: Contribution a l'etude d'une espece: Apterina pedestris Meigen (Diptere). Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, Supplement 29: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">GUIBÉ (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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obtained macropterous specimens during his breeding experiments but suggested that they are less viable. On the basis of his results
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341D87FC4AFCEEC1FE" author="RICHARDS O. W." box="[658,829,953,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="829 - 851" refId="ref9550" refString="RICHARDS O. W. 1951: Brachypterous Sphaeroceridae. British Museum (Natural History) Ruwenzori Expedition, 1934 - 1935, 2 (8): 829 - 851." type="journal article" year="1951">RICHARDS (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that only the dominant micropterous homozygotes and heterozygotes occur in the wild. However, since 1975 the macropterous specimens were also found in the field several times (
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341C15FC0AFC74C63E" author="ROHACEK J." box="[768,935,1017,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="196 - 207" refId="ref9644" refString="ROHACEK J. 1975 b: Die Flugelpolymorphie bei den europaischen Sphaeroceridenarten und Taxonomie der Limosina heteroneura-Gruppe (Diptera). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 72: 196 - 207." type="journal article" year="1975">
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<subScript id="E9389C55FF97CA341C15FC0AFC8CC620" attach="right" box="[768,863,1017,1041]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">ROHÁČEK</subScript>
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1975b
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341CBAFC0AFC35C63E" author="ROHACEK J." box="[943,998,1017,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9900" refString="ROHACEK J. 1991: Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) of Czechoslovakia. Part 2. Crumomyia Macquart. Casopis Slezskeho Zemskeho Muzea, Opava (A) 40: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341CFAFC0AFB88C63E" author="PAPP L." box="[1007,1115,1017,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="75 - 86" refId="ref9483" refString="PAPP L. 1976: Some terricolous Sphaerocerids and Drosophilids from Hungary (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae and Drosophilidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, S. N. 29 (1): 75 - 86." type="journal article" year="1976">PAPP 1976</bibRefCitation>
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). Originally (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="112DE3E1FF97CA341E05FBEAFE6BC61E" author="ROHACEK J." box="[272,440,1049,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="196 - 207" refId="ref9644" refString="ROHACEK J. 1975 b: Die Flugelpolymorphie bei den europaischen Sphaeroceridenarten und Taxonomie der Limosina heteroneura-Gruppe (Diptera). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 72: 196 - 207." type="journal article" year="1975">
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||
<subScript id="E9389C55FF97CA341E05FBEAFEBCC600" attach="right" box="[272,367,1049,1073]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">ROHÁČEK</subScript>
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||
1975b
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</bibRefCitation>
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) I considered the macropterous and submacropterous forms (
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<figureCitation id="ED878295FF97CA341B27FBEAFF6CC67E" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,152,1499,1518]" captionTargetBox="[134,1068,219,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[133,1068,219,1472]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 5–11. Crumomyia pedestris (Meigen, 1830), wings. 5 – macropterous female; 6 – submacropterous female (both Slovakia: Tatranská Kotlina – Šarpanec); 7 – large brachypterous female; 8 – medium brachypterous female; 9 – strongly brachypterous female; 10 – almost micropterous male (all Czech Republic: Úvalenské louky res. nr. Krnov); 11 – macropterous male with additional dm-cu cross-vein (Slovakia: Tatranská Kotlina – Šarpanec). Scale: 0.5 mm. Photo by J. Roháček." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5332515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5332515/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
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) to be atavistic specimens very rarely occurring among the usual micropterous specimens in natural populations. This opinion proved to be incorrect in the light of recent findings. The macropterous forms (
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<figureCitation id="ED878295FF97CA341E66FB8AFE7DC6BE" box="[371,430,1145,1169]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,152,1499,1518]" captionTargetBox="[134,1068,219,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[133,1068,219,1472]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 5–11. Crumomyia pedestris (Meigen, 1830), wings. 5 – macropterous female; 6 – submacropterous female (both Slovakia: Tatranská Kotlina – Šarpanec); 7 – large brachypterous female; 8 – medium brachypterous female; 9 – strongly brachypterous female; 10 – almost micropterous male (all Czech Republic: Úvalenské louky res. nr. Krnov); 11 – macropterous male with additional dm-cu cross-vein (Slovakia: Tatranská Kotlina – Šarpanec). Scale: 0.5 mm. Photo by J. Roháček." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5332515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5332515/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) seem to occur in only some populations, particularly in those living in drier habitats, e.g. in runs of small mammals. However, the preferred habitats of
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<taxonomicName id="B2BCE593FF97CA341CFEFB69FF26C6FE" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Crumomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedestris">
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<emphasis id="47C84202FF97CA341CFEFB69FF26C6FE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Crumomyia pedestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are very damp meadows and boggy alder forests where its larvae develop in dead snails. In my opinion the wing polymorphism and, subsequently, the now prevailing strong brachyptery evolved in consequence of the adaptation of this species to the extreme humidity of its preferred habitat niche where long wings are strongly disadvantageous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |