191 lines
16 KiB
XML
191 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.22841" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e040db2-a833-4068-99f4-96feb450496e" ID-PMC="PMC6160839" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-781-141" ID-PubMed="30271239" ID-ZBK="88AFA04FCA5B464E82E49A1DA6F50C41" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-781-141" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 781" ModsDocTitle="Five new species of Drosophilaguarani group from the Andes of southern Ecuador (Diptera, Drosophilidae)" checkinTime="1534332092519" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Penafiel-Vinueza, Ana Danitza & Rafael, Violeta" docDate="2018" docId="4BD8103D7A882584EBE6425732E1FE10" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 781: 141-163" docOrigin="ZooKeys 781" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.22841" docTitle="Drosophila caxarumi Penafiel-Vinueza & Rafael, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F1912DEF-831A-4BB0-86EA-992F73AE57C8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FFB3FFE54166FF95FFAAFFC6FFFDFFF1" masterDocTitle="Five new species of Drosophilaguarani group from the Andes of southern Ecuador (Diptera, Drosophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="163" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1668166151344" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Five new species of Drosophilaguarani group from the Andes of southern Ecuador (Diptera, Drosophilidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Penafiel-Vinueza, Ana Danitza</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rafael, Violeta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>781</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>141</mods:start>
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<mods:end>163</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.22841</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.22841</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-781-141</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">88AFA04FCA5B464E82E49A1DA6F50C41</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">88AFA04FCA5B464E82E49A1DA6F50C41</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147279670" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F1912DEF-831A-4BB0-86EA-992F73AE57C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BD8103D7A882584EBE6425732E1FE10" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F1912DEF-831A-4BB0-86EA-992F73AE57C8" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila caxarumi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxarumi">Drosophila caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="141">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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, 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Holotype ♂ (dissected, terminalia in microvial), Ecuador, Loja, Cajanuma, 2675 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.114917">4°6'53.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.18183">79°10'54.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 19 Nov. 2015, A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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col., A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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& V. Rafael det. (QCAZ-I 3306).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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2 ♂♂ (dissected, terminalia in microvial), Ecuador, Napo,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Guango, 2548 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.53722227">00°32'14.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.95372">77°57'13.4"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 19 Sep. 2015, A. B. Manzano col., A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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& V. Rafael det. (QCAZ-I 3307-3308).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Body color yellow. Aristae with four dorsal and two ventral branches. Two prominent oral bristles. Thorax brown. Clear wings. Aedeagus with two dorsal membranes covered in microprojections which continue to a sclerotized triangular projection and another distally serrated sheet joined ventrally by a membrane. Hypandrium in shield-shape. Gonopod fused to paraphyses, bearing a long bristle and short bristle.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Male. Holotype external morphology: total length (body + wings) 2.90 mm, body length 2.30 mm. Body color brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Head. Aristae with four dorsal and two ventral branches plus terminal fork and small hairs. Orbital plate yellowish brown; frontal length 0.25 mm, frontal index = 1.0; top to bottom width ratio = 1.68. Medial vertical seta closer to lateral vertical seta and slightly towards the outer edge of the orbital plate. Distance of or3 to or1 = 0.06, distance of or3 to vtm = 0.09, or1-or3 ratio = 0.59; or2-or1 ratio = 0.30. Ocelar triangle yellow, distance of postocellar setae = 0.52 of frontal length, ocellus yellow; frontal vitta yellow. Two prominent oral bristles, vibrissa index = 0.85. Cheek index = 3.33. Carina not sulcate. Eyes wine red, eye index = 1.30.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Thorax. Brown (Figure 6A), thorax length 0.66 mm. h index = 1.18. Transverse distance of dorsocentral setae = 1.53, dc index = 0.81. Distance between apical scutellar seta = 1.38, scut index = 0.93, sterno index could not be calculated (broken bristles in holotype). Clear wings. Alar length 1.65 mm, alar width 0.86 mm. Alar indices: alar index = 1.91; C = 3.37; ac = 1.94; hb = 0.25; 4c = 0.89; 4v = 2.25; 5x = 1.44; M = 0.66 and prox. x = 0.46.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Figure 6. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila caxarumi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxarumi">Drosophila caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male holotype external morphology, dorsal view. B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila guaraja" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guaraja">Drosophila guaraja</taxonomicName>
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King, from Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador, male external morphology, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Abdomen. Yellow, 1st - 6th tergites with dark brown pigmentation that covers entirely each tergite (Figure 6A).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Male terminalia. Epandrium microtrichose with four lower and no upper bristles, one bristle on the ventral lobe. Cerci not fused to epandrium, microtrichose, tip bearing four cotton swab-shaped bristles. Surstylus rectangular with seven primary teeth, six secondary sharp teeth on the right and five on the left, six marginal bristles (Figs 7A, 8A). Hypandrium in shield-shape and sclerotized. Gonopod elongated, fused to the paraphyses, bearing a long bristle and other short one (Figs 7B, 8B).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila caxarumi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxarumi">Drosophila caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male terminalia of holotype. A Epandrium, cerci, surstylus, and decasternum B Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses, ventral view C, D, E Aedeagus in ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively. Scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila caxarumi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxarumi">Drosophila caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male terminalia of holotype. A Surstylus, and decasternum B Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses, ventral view C Aedeagus in lateral view.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila guaraja" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guaraja">Drosophila guaraja</taxonomicName>
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King, from Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador. D Surstylus, and decasternum E Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses, ventral view F Aedeagus in lateral view. Scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Aedeagus. Sclerotized, with two dorsal membranes covered in microprojections which continue to a sclerotized triangular projection and another distally serrated sheet joined ventrally by a slightly sclerotized membrane (Figs 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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, 8C).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Variation in paratypes (dry mounted specimen). Cannot be calculated, broken bristles in paratypes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Name refers to the
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<taxonomicName genus="Caxarumi" lsidName="Caxarumi" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="genus">Caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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district in Loja Province of Ecuador. In Kichwa, caxa refers to
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<taxonomicName genus="Chakka" lsidName="Chakka" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="genus">Chakka</taxonomicName>
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(possum) and rumi (stone, rock).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila caxarumi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxarumi">Drosophila caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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is known from two localities (elevation range is 2548-2675 m) from Loja Province, Podocarpus National Park and Napo Province,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Guango.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Unknown. The type specimen was found in the fermented banana-bait traps placed at the locality, which suggests that this species feeds or breeds on fermented fruit as many other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Drosophila</taxonomicName>
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species. The habitat is a well-preserved intermediate montane forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="relationship to other species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Relationship to other species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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The most similar species to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila caxarumi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxarumi">Drosophila caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. guaraja" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="guaraja">D. guaraja</taxonomicName>
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King, 1947b. We compared
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. caxarumi" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="caxarumi">D. caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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with descendants of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. guaraja" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="guaraja">D. guaraja</taxonomicName>
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reared from an isofemale line named ZBCI036 from Podocarpus National Park, Bombuscaro, 1000 msnm. These two species share the same cotton swab-shaped bristles on the ventral side of the cerci (Figure 8A, D).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila caxarumi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxarumi">Drosophila caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. guaraja" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="guaraja">D. guaraja</taxonomicName>
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differ in the general shape of the aedeagus (Figure 8C, F). In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. caxarumi" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="caxarumi">D. caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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the aedeagus is bent towards the dorsal side. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. guaraja" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="guaraja">D. guaraja</taxonomicName>
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the paraphyses are microtrichose while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. caxarumi" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="caxarumi">D. caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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they are smooth and hairless. Both species differ markedly in external morphology (Figure 6A, B), body color of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. caxarumi" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="caxarumi">D. caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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is mainly brown while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. guaraja" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="guaraja">D. guaraja</taxonomicName>
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is yellow.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. guaraja" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="guaraja">D. guaraja</taxonomicName>
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abdomen is yellow with broad, dark brown bands different from the brown abdomen in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. caxarumi" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="caxarumi">D. caxarumi</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 6A, B).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |