219 lines
20 KiB
XML
219 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.753.22366" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe320c78-20cd-45de-babe-5c2fd18c7a1d" ID-PMC="PMC5934354" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-753-23" ID-PubMed="29731681" ID-ZBK="BBC59C6140DD44F3B9F34C011E0D0B75" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-753-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 753" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Graphipterusserrator (Forskål) group (Coleoptera, Carabidae): an increase from five to 15 valid species" checkinTime="1524810864104" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Renan, Ittai, Assmann, Thorsten & Freidberg, Amnon" docDate="2018" docId="22129DDD1DF909F221AA7DC3FC7B6970" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 753: 23-82" docOrigin="ZooKeys 753" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.753.22366" docTitle="Graphipterus multiguttatus 335, stat. rest." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="123E1514FFF23830FFA1FFB0FFE0DA05" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Graphipterusserrator (Forskal) group (Coleoptera, Carabidae): an increase from five to 15 valid species" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668165743174" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Graphipterusserrator (Forskal) group (Coleoptera, Carabidae): an increase from five to 15 valid species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Renan, Ittai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Assmann, Thorsten</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Freidberg, Amnon</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>753</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.753.22366</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.753.22366</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-753-23</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">BBC59C6140DD44F3B9F34C011E0D0B75</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BBC59C6140DD44F3B9F34C011E0D0B75</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="143706397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22129DDD1DF909F221AA7DC3FC7B6970" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/22129DDD1DF909F221AA7DC3FC7B6970" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="19" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Olivier, 1790) 335, stat. rest." class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus multiguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">Graphipterus multiguttatus (Olivier, 1790) 335, stat. rest.</taxonomicName>
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Figs 4a, 7c, 9h, 10b, 12, 19, 24a
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus kindermanni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kindermanni">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="43" start="start">Graphipterus</pageBreakToken>
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kindermanni
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</taxonomicName>
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Chaudoir, 1871: 299, syn. n. Alexandrie (= Alecsandria)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="20" pageNumber="43" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="43">Types.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="20" pageNumber="43">
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Lectotype: ♂ (blue label, black handwritten): <Graphipterus/multiguttatus. Ol./Egypt. G. Olivieir> (Green circular label with black margin, black typewritten): <COLLECTION/OLIVIER/TYPE>. Deposited in NHMB, Olivier collection [examined]. Syntypes: NHMB (Olivier collection): Egypte Olivier, multiguttatus, (uc),
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="44" start="start">TYPE</pageBreakToken>
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(♂); (Olivier collection) Collection Olivier, TYPE (♂); (General collection) Egypte Olivier, multiguttatus, Egypt, Oliv., Bedel et (uc), p. 339, 1909, vid. (♀).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="44">Small species with 16-20 white, mostly elongated spots on elytra, only posterior discal spots rounded; 4-6 marginal extensions, extension I oriented slightly posteriorly. Median lobe of aedeagus with ventrally short, unbent tip.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="45" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="45" start="start">Comparisons</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus multiguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">Graphipterus multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. rotundatus" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="rotundatus">G. rotundatus</taxonomicName>
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from which it differs mainly by the following characters:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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: average body length of 13.2 mm; El/MTIL, 1.6; all elytral spots with similar size; MTAL/MTIL, 0.84; median lobe of aedeagus with ventrally short unbent tip.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. rotundatus" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="rotundatus">G. rotundatus</taxonomicName>
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: average body length of 17.4 mm; El/MTIL, 2.08; posterior elytral spots larger than all other spots; MTAL/MTIL, 1.28; median lobe of aedeagus with longer (than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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) slightly bent tip.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus multiguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">Graphipterus multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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resembles also
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. sharonae" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="sharonae">G. sharonae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., from which it differs mainly by body length, elytral pattern, and shape of median lobe of aedeagus (see full comparisons under
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. sharonae" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="sharonae">G. sharonae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">
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BL male: 10.0-15.0 mm, average 13.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.3 mm; BL female: 11.5-16.0 mm, average 14.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">Head wide; HW/PW: 0.76; EYL: 1.0-1.6 mm; EYL/EL: 0.17. Frontal ridge slightly developed. In male, apical white frons stripes wider than exposed frons (Fig. 4a); stripes elongate, reaching the level of supraorbital setae (populations east of the Dead Sea-Rift Valley), or being shorter (populations west of the Dead Sea-Rift Valley). Mentum with 2-3 teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">Pronotum cordiform; PL/PW: 0.66; BPW/PW: 0.64; posteromedially concave and without white margin; white lateral margin as wide antonomer 1 long.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">Elytra oval, humeri rounded; EL: 4.5-9.1 mm, average 7.7 mm; EW: 4.1-8.0 mm, average 6.4 mm; EL/EW: 1.2. Lateral cross section quite flat. Elytra with Dense black scales, disc not visible between them (cf. Fig. 6a). White lateral margin nearly as wide as half of antennomere I long and with 6, sometimes four extensions; extension I medium long, shorter than anterior spot, but longer than extension II and shorter than extension III, which is wider than lateral margin; extension II sometimes constricted, rarely absent or fused with lateral disc spot. White posterior margin as wide as lateral margin, gap at suture smaller than lateral margin. Disc usually with 16 sometimes 18 rounded to elongate spots; anterior spot slightly elongate, longer than extension I; lateral spots rounded, adjacent, or sometimes fused to extension II, six spots forming an arch pattern anteriorly and laterally to posterior rounded larger spots. Apical sinuation slightly developed to straight, apex not protuberant, broadly rounded, especially on the medial side (Fig. 7c). Suture conspicuous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">Legs long; MTIL: 3.7-5.5 mm, average 4.7 mm; El/MTIL: 1.6. Metatibial secondary spur brown at base, MTAL: 3-4.5 mm, average 3.7 mm; MTAL/MTIL: 0.8. Claws of hind legs black at base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">Median lobe of aedeagus with short, unbent tip (Fig. 9h).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="45" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">In the western Negev (Israel), the species shows a significant habitat preference for stabilized interdunes and for the semi-stabilized slopes. In this region it is completely absent from the crest of shifting sand dunes. On the dunes it prefers the lower part of the north-facing slope, which is the part of the dune being most humid and most vegetated by annual plants (Fig. 12). Large populations inhabit the loamy and more humid region in the northern Negev. In spring, after an extremely dry winter, specimens might also be found on the margins of irrigated agriculture fields.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="45">
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Figure 12. Habitat of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus multiguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">Graphipterus multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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: Sand rich with loess soil, relatively rich in annual plants. Western Negev sands, Israel.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="co-occurring species">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="46" start="start">Co-occurring</pageBreakToken>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus multiguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">Graphipterus multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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lives in sympatry with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
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in Egypt and Israel.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
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Egypt, Israel, and Jordan (Fig. 19). The only Jordanian population of which we are aware lives between Aqaba to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ma’an">Ma'an</normalizedToken>
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, and inhabits a flat sand dune area without or only slightly developed crust. In the same habitat
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia (Thermophilum) duodecimguttata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodecimguttata" subGenus="Thermophilum">Anthia (Thermophilum) duodecimguttata</taxonomicName>
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(Bonelli, 1813) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Amara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amara maindromi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maindromi">Amara maindromi</taxonomicName>
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Bedel, 1907 occur.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="conservation">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Conservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
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The species does not seem to be endangered as it has a wide distribution range and it prefers habitats that are not strongly affected by human activities. However, in Israel, in the Dead Sea region and the Arava Valley,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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has been collected in the past, but no longer exists there. The latest records from these regions are Ein Gedi, 1976; Ein Husub, 1956 (leg. unknown, both specimens preserved in KCE); Sedom road, 1953; Ein-Radian, 1958 (leg. Ch. Lewinsohn, both specimens preserved in SMNHTAU). Habitats for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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on the Israeli side of the Arava valley may have disappeared.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia (Thermophilum) duodecimguttata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodecimguttata" subGenus="Thermophilum">Anthia (Thermophilum) duodecimguttata</taxonomicName>
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(Bonelli, 1813), one of the co-occurring ground beetle species of the Jordanian population of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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, was last found in 2003 in Israel (coll. U. Shanas, V. Chikatunov, SMNHTAU; pers. obs.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
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Specimens from Jordan and the central Negev in Israel are usually larger than those from the western Negev. Specimens from the HaBesor National Park are smaller than those from the western Negev. The latter populations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="47" start="start">G</pageBreakToken>
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. multiguttatus
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</taxonomicName>
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which co-occur with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
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populations (
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<bibRefCitation author="Renan, I" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Ecology and Environment" pageId="51" pageNumber="74" pagination="134 - 139" title="Biodiversity loss resulting from cessation in traditional land use in a sandy desert in Israel." volume="2" year="2011">Renan et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) have individuals with intermediate body lengths.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus kindermanni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kindermanni">Graphipterus kindermanni</taxonomicName>
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has to be ranked as a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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. We checked for comparison the types of Basilewsky in MRAC (but did not find the type in NHMB that Basilewsky noted he had checked there) and did not find any morphological differences, with the exception of white setae on the elytral base. Both
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<bibRefCitation pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Basilewsky (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Lorenz, Tutzing" pageId="51" pageNumber="74" title="Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Coleoptera " Geadephaga ": Trachypachidae and Carabidae, incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Second edition." year="2005">Lorenz (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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contended that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kindermanni" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="kindermanni">G. kindermanni</taxonomicName>
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is a synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. luctuosus" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="luctuosus">G. luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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Seasonality and daily activity time are in the same as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
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(see there), but the species seems to spend more time under shrubs.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus multiguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">Graphipterus multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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prefers stabilized and semi-stabilized sand with high vegetation. The population densities in the sympatric areas of the distribution ranges are lower than those for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
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. The beetles dig burrows between the hard crust layer and the soft sand, sometimes close to the dwarf-shrubs. Frequently, the openings do not collapse or become covered by sand. The beetles sometimes close the openings with sand from inside. Diet, intraspecific behavior including copulation and the chirping sounds produced by the stridulatory structure, are same as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="scraping record">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Scraping record.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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In comparison to the co-occurring
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. serrator" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="serrator">G. serrator</taxonomicName>
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, the scraping spectrograms of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. multiguttatus" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">G. multiguttatus</taxonomicName>
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show clear differences in pulse interval as well as in the sound pressure level (Fig. 10b).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |