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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.51442" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e3fec60-c933-495d-8adb-558affd04397" ID-PMC="PMC7289899" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-938-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="82AC29959C6A590D824C7620E5F4D186" ID-PubMed="32550788" ID-ZooBank="D1911CDD085743419D6AE63BF7E62693" ModsDocID="1313-2970-938-125" checkinTime="1591376729130" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri, Cardoso, Pedro &amp; Bertani, Rogerio" docDate="2020" docId="DA630454A13A50218938AD691EECDCED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 938: 125-136" docOrigin="ZooKeys 938" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.51442" docTitle="Typhochlaena curumim Bertani 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="82AC29959C6A590D824C7620E5F4D186" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="82AC29959C6A590D824C7620E5F4D186" masterDocTitle="Description of the male of the Critically Endangered tarantula Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with comments on tarantula trade and conservation" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1668168907172" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of the male of the Critically Endangered tarantula Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with comments on tarantula trade and conservation</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-0173</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">caroline.fukushima@helsinki.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cardoso, Pedro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-9960</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bertani, Rogerio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500 CEP 05503 - 900, Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>938</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>125</mods:start>
<mods:end>136</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.51442</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.51442</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-938-125</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D1911CDD085743419D6AE63BF7E62693</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">82AC29959C6A590D824C7620E5F4D186</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164479794" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA630454A13A50218938AD691EECDCED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA630454A13A50218938AD691EECDCED" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName LSID="DA630454-A13A-5021-8938-AD691EECDCED" authority="Bertani, 2012" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo: Rogerio Bertani." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 5. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 2 carapace, dorsal 3 abdomen, dorsal 4 maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae 5 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 2-5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 6-11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 12. Approximate distribution of Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012. A large spatial error has been introduced to avoid revealing exact localities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418242" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. seladonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="seladonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. seladonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a long embolus, two or more times the tegulum length. Males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. seladonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="seladonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. seladonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of shorter and broader embolus (≤ 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of tegulum in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus&gt; 3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. seladonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="seladonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. seladonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 0.24 mm basal embolus width in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus 0.1 mm in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. seladonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="seladonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. seladonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). They also differ by the brownish carapace and legs and abdomen dorsum with a black longitudinal stripe and lateral spots (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo: Rogerio Bertani." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 5. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 2 carapace, dorsal 3 abdomen, dorsal 4 maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae 5 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</figureCitation>
). Apart from the long embolus (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6-10</figureCitation>
), males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena costae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena costae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena amma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena amma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the characteristic abdominal color pattern (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo: Rogerio Bertani." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 5. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 2 carapace, dorsal 3 abdomen, dorsal 4 maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae 5 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</figureCitation>
). Additionally, they differ from those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. costae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="costae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. costae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of long, curled, yellow setae over the carapace. For females, see the diagnosis by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" author="Bertani, R" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B1" refString="Bertani, R, 2012. Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ZooKeys 230: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" title="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" volume="230" year="2012">Bertani (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rogério">Rogerio</normalizedToken>
Bertani.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Norte, locality data redacted: 1 male, S. N. Migliore leg., 19 April 2014, 19h58, over a bush leaf in a trail, ref. S90 (MNRJ 6915); 1 male, S. N. Migliore leg., 20 April 2014, 20h15, walking over a branch in a tree, ca 2 m high, ref. S102 (MZUSP 75781); locality data redacted: 2 males, W. Pessoa leg., 21-22 September 2014, walking over trees, &lt;2 m high, (MZUSP 75782); state of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
, locality data redacted: 1 male, L. S. Carvalho leg., 26-28 July 2013 (UFMG 15101), examined by photography.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Male. MNRJ 6915.</emphasis>
Total length (without chelicera): 9.88.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Carapace</emphasis>
: 5.18 long, 5.32 wide, 0.98
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; cephalic region not raised, thoracic striae inconspicuous.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Chelicera</emphasis>
: 1.21 long.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Abdomen</emphasis>
: 4.44 long, 3.74 wide.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Spinnerets</emphasis>
: PMS, 0.70 long, 0.25 wide, 0.25 apart; PLS, 0.67 basal, 0.46 middle, 0.38 distal; midwidths 0.52, 0.47, 0.30, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Fovea</emphasis>
: slightly procurved, shallow, 0.66 wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Eyes</emphasis>
: eye tubercle 0.88 high, 0.81 long, 1.48 wide. Clypeus absent. Anterior row of eyes procurve. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurve. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.35, PME 0.23, PLE 0.28, AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.19, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-ALE 0.20, ALE-PME 0.29, PME-PME 0.83, PME-PLE 0.05, PLE-PLE 1.11, ALE-PLE 0.2, AME-PLE 0.26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Maxilla</emphasis>
: 2.29 longer than wide. Cuspules: 28 spread over ventral inner heel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Labium</emphasis>
: 0.60 long, 1.04 wide, with 50 cuspules spaced by one diameter of each other on the anterior half. Labio-sternal groove shallow and flattened, with two slightly separate, large sigilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Chelicera</emphasis>
: rastellum absent, basal segment with seven teeth and some small teeth on promargin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Sternum</emphasis>
: 2.45 long, 2.40 wide. Sigilla: three pairs, posterior and median rounded, less than one diameter from margin; anterior not visible.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figures 2–5" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figures 2-5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (MNRJ 6915)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2</emphasis>
carapace, dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</emphasis>
abdomen, dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4</emphasis>
maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5</emphasis>
spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Legs</emphasis>
(femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 6.79, 3.22, 5.48, 4.43, 2.55, 22.47. II: 6.31, 3.02, 4.74, 4.54, 2.32, 20.93. III: 5.26, 2.55, 4.23, 3.80, 2.22, 18.06. IV: 6.62, 2.64, 4.80, 5.14, 1.97, 21.22. Palp: 3.24, 1.80, 2.97, -, 1.09, 9.10. Midwidths: femora I-IV = 1.27, 1.18, 1.16, 1.02, palp = 0.82; patellae I-IV = 1.20, 0.98, 1.00, 1.05, palp = 0.84; tibiae I-IV = 0.75, 0.90, 0.84, 0.72, palp = 0.83; metatarsi I-IV = 0.63, 0.71, 0.77, 0.54; tarsi I-IV = 0.91, 0.73, 0.73, 0.54, palp = 1.05. Formula: I IV II III. Length leg IV to leg I: 0.94. Clavate trichobothria: two rows on distal 1/2 of tarsi I-IV. Scopula: Tarsi I-IV fully scopulate, IV divided by a wide band of setae. Metatarsi I-II on distal 2/3; III on distal 1/3; IV on distal 1/4. IV divided by setae. Scopula hairs longest at lateral areas of tarsi and metatarsi, giving spatulate aspect to articles. Spines absent on all legs and palps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Urticating setae</emphasis>
: type II (0.56-0.59 long) on the abdomen dorsum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Palp</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6-10</figureCitation>
): globous bulb with small subtegulum and slightly developed prominence on tegulum. Embolus: not flattened, lacking keels, 1.62 long in retrolateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6</figureCitation>
), about 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of tegulum. Proximal part not curved in frontal view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">9</figureCitation>
); thin distal width, tapering distally; basal, middle and distal width 0.24, 0.08, 0.01, respectively. Tegulum: 0.71 long, 0.4 high in retrolateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6</figureCitation>
). Cymbium with two subequal lobes, lacking process on retrolateral lobe.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figures 6–11" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figures 6-11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (MNRJ 6915)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6-10</emphasis>
palpal bulb, left side
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6</emphasis>
retrolateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">7</emphasis>
prolateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">8</emphasis>
dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">9</emphasis>
frontal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">10</emphasis>
left palp, prolateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">11</emphasis>
urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6-10</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">11</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Tibial apophysis</emphasis>
: absent. Metatarsus I straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Color pattern</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo: Rogerio Bertani." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">1</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 5. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 2 carapace, dorsal 3 abdomen, dorsal 4 maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae 5 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5</figureCitation>
): carapace and chelicerae dark brown with pale yellow long hairs on the margin of the carapace. Legs and palps dark brown, except for brown femora. Cephalic region, legs, palps, and chelicerae covered with long and abundant chestnut-brown setae. Coxae brown. Labium, sternum, and maxilla dark brown. Longitudinal stripes on femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi inconspicuous. Distal femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi rings whitish. Abdomen metallic reddish orange, dorsally with central longitudinal black stripe and three dark spots on each lateral.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
In Brazil in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
(new records), and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" author="Bertani, R" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B1" refString="Bertani, R, 2012. Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ZooKeys 230: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" title="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" volume="230" year="2012">Bertani 2012</bibRefCitation>
), in remnants of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 12. Approximate distribution of Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012. A large spatial error has been introduced to avoid revealing exact localities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418242" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418242" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 12" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Approximate distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertani, 2012. A large spatial error has been introduced to avoid revealing exact localities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="color pattern ontogeny">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">There are no drastic ontogenetic changes of color pattern. Males have reduced lateral black stripes when compared to females and immatures.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Natural History.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Males from a more northerly site in Rio Grande do Norte (approximately at 6.02°S, 35.2°W) were resting on a leaf in a bush near a trail during the night, or high in a tree, walking on branches during the day. Males from a southern site in Rio Grande do Norte (approximately at 6.46°S, 35.0°W) were also found to be active at night in trees; one individual was seen at breast height and another at less than 2 m above the ground.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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