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53 KiB
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590 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4366e50-a271-44c0-bdef-b52c8cad0b85" ID-PMC="PMC3560839" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-252-1" ID-PubMed="23378811" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-252-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 252" ModsDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" checkinTime="1451247847790" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bond, Jason E." docDate="2012" docId="A5B76E006BCE86CC094F684CF0D85B0C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 252: 1-209" docOrigin="ZooKeys 252" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" docTitle="Aptostichus Simon 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFAD871BFFD4FF8CFFED1A5CFFE7FFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" masterLastPageNumber="209" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668155039594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>252</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-252-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039267" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A5B76E006BCE86CC094F684CF0D85B0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A5B76E006BCE86CC094F684CF0D85B0C" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4AE50840-DF3D-4EF9-B7F9-5E12286E4FB2" authority="Simon, 1891" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aptostichus Simon, 1891</taxonomicName>
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Figs 31-68Map 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aptostichus</taxonomicName>
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Simon, 1891: 317 (type species by monotypy
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Aptostichus atomarius</taxonomicName>
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female lectotype from CA, San Bernardino; specimen AR4263 in MNHP, examined).-E.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Simon 1892</bibRefCitation>
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: 108.-E.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Simon 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 901.-P.
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, CP" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="207 - 236" title="A preliminary study of the Araneae Theraphosidae of California." volume="1" year="1908">Smith 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 220
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–221–">-221-</normalizedToken>
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Bond & Opell 2002.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Actinoxia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoxia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Actinoxia</taxonomicName>
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Simon, 1891: 318 (type species by monotypy
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Actinoxia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoxia versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Actinoxia versicolor</taxonomicName>
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Simon juvenile holotype in MNHP, examined).-E.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Simon 1892</bibRefCitation>
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: 109. P.
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, CP" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="207 - 236" title="A preliminary study of the Araneae Theraphosidae of California." volume="1" year="1908">Smith 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 214 (Smith considered
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Actinoxia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoxia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Actinoxia</taxonomicName>
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to be a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Entychides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entychides" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entychides</taxonomicName>
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Simon).-R.
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<bibRefCitation author="Chamberlin, RV" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the University of Utah Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 11" title="On two genera of trapdoor spiders from California." volume="28" year="1937">Chamberlin 1937</bibRefCitation>
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: 9.-Synonymized by Bond & Opell 2002: 518.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Nemesoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nemesoides" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nemesoides</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin, 1919: 1-2 (
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Nemesoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nemesoides hespera" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">Nemesoides hespera</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin female holotype in MCZ, examined).-Synonymized by Bond & Opell 2002: 518.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Males of this genus can be recognized by the presence of three or more spines on the distal most surface of the palpal cymbium (Figs 49, 56, 68) and a number of large, very thick spines on the distal-prolateral aspect of tibia I (Figs 48, 55). Tibia I spines are more offset proximally in the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Simus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sierra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sierra" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sierra</taxonomicName>
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group species (Fig. 55).
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Entychides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entychides" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entychides</taxonomicName>
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males have similar spination, however their spines are borne on a low apophysis whereas those of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aptostichus</taxonomicName>
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are not (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="487 - 534" title="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)." url="10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00035.x" volume="136" year="2002">Bond and Opell 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aptostichus</taxonomicName>
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females have cuspules on both the labium and palpal endites; labial cuspules are generally few and/or restricted to the inner margins of the endites (Figs 38, 39). This condition is similar to that for
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Apomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomastus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomastus</taxonomicName>
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, however
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Apomastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomastus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomastus</taxonomicName>
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species appear to lack labial cuspules and the distinctive
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aptostichus</taxonomicName>
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abdominal coloration, which consists of a mottled chevron pattern (Fig. 51).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="general description">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">General description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Small to medium sized trapdoor spiders. Cephalothorax longer than wide, sloping posteriorly, moderate pubescence in most species (Figs 31, 54). Carapace sclerotization equal across its length. Thoracic groove intermediate to wide, procurved or straight (Fig. 33) and deep. In some males the thoracic groove is transverse or recurved (Fig. 51). Carapace of males fringed in stout black setae (Fig. 53). Eyes on a low tubercle (Fig. 35). AME and PME subequal diameter, except in a few species, particularly in some
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Simus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simus</taxonomicName>
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group species where the PME diameter is noticeably less than that of AME. PME row slightly procurved or straight, AME row slightly recurved (Fig. 34). Caput moderately high (Fig. 31). Carapace of ethanol preserved specimens appears orangish-yellow. The coloration of living spiders tends to be a darker brown, however there is considerable variation in the intensity of coloration. Male coloration in most specimens is dark reddish-brown. Female and male abdominal coloration very distinctive consisting of light brown or gray background with a dark mottled chevron like pattern (Fig. 51). This pattern is less distinctive in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus simus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">Aptostichus simus</taxonomicName>
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, closely related species and is reduced in most desert-adapted species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Sternum</pageBreakToken>
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wider posteriorly, sometimes wider than in other euctenizids, tapering anteriorly (Figs 32, 52). Posterior sigilla large and positioned mid-posteriorly in most species (Fig. 32), in some species contiguous (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus hesperus" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">Aptostichus hesperus</taxonomicName>
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). Anterior margin of sigilla has a rounded margin. Palpal endites longer than wide often with only a few cuspules, which are restricted to the posterior margin, except in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus simus" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">Aptostichus simus</taxonomicName>
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that has many cuspules arranged in a characteristic pattern (Figs 38-39). Labium wider than long, with a few, to a moderate number of cuspules (Fig. 32). Chelicerae dark brown. Rastellum consists of numerous spines not borne on a distinctive mound (Fig. 57). Fangs long and slender. Cheliceral furrow promargin with row of very large teeth. Retromarginal row consists of a patch of denticles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Apical PLS article short, digitiform (Fig. 64). Spinnerets mostly with pumpkiniform spigots with several articulated spigots interspersed on apical and median articles
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
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PLS and the PMS (Fig. 65). Two to three large, articulated spigots on apical most aspect of the PLS. PMS article robust. See
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<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="487 - 534" title="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)." url="10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00035.x" volume="136" year="2002">Bond and Opell (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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for more detailed descriptions of these spigot types.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Anterior</pageBreakToken>
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leg articles slender relative to posterior. Tarsi short and robust (Fig. 36). Female scopulae long, dense, asymmetrical, extending full length of tarsus, no further than the metatarsus (Figs 36, 44, 60). Scopulae extend no further than the tarsus of the pedipalp. Posterior legs lack distinct scopulae. Pedipalp claw with a few (Fig. 40) to many teeth (Fig. 58). Male tarsi I and II with short sparse scopulae that are restricted to the ventral surface. In some species male tarsi are slightly bent, elongate and pseudosegmented (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus simus" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">Aptostichus simus</taxonomicName>
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). Basal palpal tooth and STC
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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basal tooth elongate and positioned
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
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the median keel but not bifid (Figs 41, 59, 61). STC IV with 5 or more teeth (Fig. 61). Female anterior legs with very few ventral spines (Fig. 36). Prolateral surface of female patella III covered in numerous thick spines. Distal ventral aspect of tarsus IV with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">short</pageBreakToken>
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, sparse spine patch. Preening combs on distal most retrolateral surface of metatarsus IV (Figs 37, 45, 62). Tarsal trichobothria arranged in a zigzag pattern with typical base (Fig. 43); low tarsal organ with central pit (Figs 42, 63). Spermathecae with an elongate base that forms a secondary spermathecal bulb in some species (Figs 46, 47, 66, 67).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Male mating clasper morphology is distinctive. Articles of leg I bear a number of large, thickened spines positioned retrolaterally on the distal aspect of the tibia (Fig. 55), except members of the
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sierra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sierra" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sierra</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Simus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simus</taxonomicName>
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species groups whose tibial spines are more concentrated proximally (Fig. 55). In most species, metatarsus I with proximal ventral to prolateral excavation bordered distally by a low mound (Fig. 55). Tibia I with 3-5 elongate spines distributed retrolaterally except in some species which have denser spine patches. Palpal cymbium with four or more dorsal spines (Figs 49, 56, 68). Palpal bulb normal (Fig. 68), embolus of some
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Simus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simus</taxonomicName>
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group species with serrations (Fig. 50). Palpal femur short with a dorsal row of thin spines, tibia short and robust in some species (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus simus" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">Aptostichus simus</taxonomicName>
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) there is a distinctive prolateral spine patch on the palpal tibia.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Figures 39-50. Scanning electron micrographs of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus simus" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">Aptostichus simus</taxonomicName>
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specimens (female AP097, 39-47; male AP819, 48-50). 39 palpal endite, arrow indicates cuspule pattern 40 left pedipalp claw, retrolateral aspect 41 leg I, tarsal claws, retrolateral aspect 42 leg I, tarsus, dorsal aspect, tarsal organ (arrow) 43 leg I, tarsus, dorsal aspect, trichobothrial base (arrow) 44 leg I, tarsal scopulae 45 leg IV, ventral junction of tarsus and metatarsus, preening comb 46, 47 cleared spermathecae and close up of left spermathecal lobe 48 leg I, retrolateral distal aspect of tibia 49 pedipalp, ventral aspect 50 serrated edge of palpal embolus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Figures 51-56. Standard light microscopy views of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Aptostichus atomarius</taxonomicName>
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male specimens (51-54 MY2979; 55, 56 AP357). 51 dorsal habitus view 52 ventral habitus view 53 carapace 54 lateral habitus view 55 leg I, retrolateral aspect 56 pedipalp, retrolateral aspect.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Figures 57-68. Scanning electron micrographs of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Aptostichus atomarius</taxonomicName>
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specimens (female MY3432, 57-67; male MY2979 68). 57 left chelicerae, anterior ventral aspect 58 left pedipalp claw, retrolateral aspect 59 leg I, tarsal claw, retrolateral aspect 60 tarsal scopulae, leg I 61 leg IV tarsal claws, retrolateral aspect 62 leg IV preening comb, tarsus/metatarsus junction 63 leg I, tarsus, dorsal aspect, tarsal organ 64 spinnerets 65 spinning field, distal aspect of PLS 66, 67 cleared spermathecae and close-up of left lobe 68 pedipalp, retrolateral aspect, arrow indicates position of spines on cymbium.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distributed primarily throughout the California Floristic Province with the greatest number of species known from Southern California; a few species are recorded from Nevada and Arizona (Table 1, Map 1).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Map 1. Distribution of type localities for all known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aptostichus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Three letter identifiers are defined in Table 1; inset shows approximate scope of study area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="key to species groups and to males">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Key to species groups and to males</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Note. Like many mygalomorph taxa, species identification is a non-trivial task. These spiders generally lack distinctive somatic differences that render development of a key to females virtually impossible and a key to males difficult at best. Although, I have attempted to provide a key to male specimens, I would caution that it is far from perfect and thus suggest that the key be used in conjunction with careful examination of specimens, the species description, knowledge of from where the specimen was collected (many species are narrowly endemic), and molecular characters (if available). Generally speaking no single characteristic should be taken as definitive evidence of a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
determination. Because species placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sibling Species Complex have been delineated on the basis of a combination of biogeographic, general somatic, ecological, and molecular characteristics, the provided key to these taxa relies heavily on data taken from the geographic location and habitat from which the specimen was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<table lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<tr pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan="1">Fig. 69Fig. 128Fig. 333</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan="1">Fig. 147</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan="1">Fig. 147</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan="1">Fig. 165</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus isabella" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabella">Aptostichus isabella</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus cabrillo" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cabrillo">Aptostichus cabrillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aptostichus icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">Fig</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. 69
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 275</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 175</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus barackobamai" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barackobamai">Aptostichus barackobamai</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Figs 277, 278</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Simus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Figs 339, 341</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sierra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sierra" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sierra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 283</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus cajalco" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cajalco">Aptostichus cajalco</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus satleri" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satleri">Aptostichus satleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus elisabethae" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elisabethae">Aptostichus elisabethae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus fornax" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fornax">Aptostichus fornax</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 306</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 275</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus simus" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">Aptostichus simus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Figs 317, 322</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus lucerne" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucerne">Aptostichus lucerne</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus fisheri" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisheri">Aptostichus fisheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus bonoi" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonoi">Aptostichus bonoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus chavezi" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chavezi">Aptostichus chavezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 340</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus sierra" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">Aptostichus sierra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus dorothealangeae" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorothealangeae">Aptostichus dorothealangeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus huntington" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huntington">Aptostichus huntington</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 189</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hesperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 191</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 197</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 188</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus hesperus" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">Aptostichus hesperus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 256</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus mikeradtkei" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikeradtkei">Aptostichus mikeradtkei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus killerdana" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="killerdana">Aptostichus killerdana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus cahuilla" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cahuilla">Aptostichus cahuilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus edwardabbeyi" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardabbeyi">Aptostichus edwardabbeyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Figs 246, 248</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus sarlacc" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarlacc">Aptostichus sarlacc</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 266</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus sinnombre" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinnombre">Aptostichus sinnombre</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus derhamgiulianii" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derhamgiulianii">Aptostichus derhamgiulianii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 264</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus anzaborrego" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anzaborrego">Aptostichus anzaborrego</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus chemehuevi" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chemehuevi">Aptostichus chemehuevi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus serrano" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrano">Aptostichus serrano</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus aguacaliente" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aguacaliente">Aptostichus aguacaliente</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus hedinorum" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hedinorum">Aptostichus hedinorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 128</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus asmodaeus" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asmodaeus">Aptostichus asmodaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Fig. 139</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">Aptostichus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
chiricahua
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus nateevansi" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nateevansi">Aptostichus nateevansi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">Fig. 120</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus pennjillettei" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennjillettei">Aptostichus pennjillettei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">Fig. 106</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus muiri" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muiri">Aptostichus muiri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">Fig. 81</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">Fig. 82</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus dantrippi" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dantrippi">Aptostichus dantrippi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Aptostichus atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="the atomarius species group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Included species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Aptostichus atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
Simon, 1891
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond, 2008
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond, 2008
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1908
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond, 2008
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus dantrippi" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dantrippi">Aptostichus dantrippi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus pennjillettei" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennjillettei">Aptostichus pennjillettei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus asmodaeus" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asmodaeus">Aptostichus asmodaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus nateevansi" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nateevansi">Aptostichus nateevansi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aptostichus chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus icenoglei" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icenoglei">Aptostichus icenoglei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus cabrillo" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cabrillo">Aptostichus cabrillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus isabella" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabella">Aptostichus isabella</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus muiri" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muiri">Aptostichus muiri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus barackobamai" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barackobamai">Aptostichus barackobamai</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sibling Species Complex
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sibling Species Complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) comprises six closely related sibling species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Aptostichus atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bond, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus dantrippi" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dantrippi">Aptostichus dantrippi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. With the exception of a number of coastal dune and desert-adapted lineages these species are relatively morphologically homogenous (see analysis of morphological variation in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are difficult to distinguish; modifications to the male leg I tibia and metatarsus are indistinguishable among species. However, all species in this complex have non-overlapping ranges and thus can be ascribed to species on the basis of collecting locality and habitat; examination of diagnostic molecular markers should be employed to definitively confirm any determinations made solely on the basis of geography. Molecular studies to date further indicate
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Aptostichus atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as defined below, may actually comprise 2-3 species; sampling at the time was insufficient to formulate these additional hypotheses with rigor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |