240 lines
29 KiB
XML
240 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="7A1AD51BD3C1B3E4ECFD1F029D253412" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188745" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dfdb39e9-8c2f-4825-9435-2a562dcf6fd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188745" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461096618451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dorchin, Netta, Mcevoy, Miles V., Dowling, Todd A., Abrahamson, Warren G. & Moore, Joseph G." docDate="2009" docId="074287C9FFCAE314FF01FA445BB33888" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02152p035.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2152" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhopalomyia anthophila Osten Sacken 1869" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FB7BFFB1FFCFE312FF96FFE25A543D73" masterDocTitle="Revision of the goldenrod-galling Rhopalomyia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698589499081" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="101F252857B2EF46EDA5114164715D88" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="46BC1FBA5CE316A0E149391833361FD3">
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<mods:title id="9548974EC32B1B065FA6FD3DF4DF2F58">Revision of the goldenrod-galling Rhopalomyia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="943DD5C26E744FB383C34EFBC0855CB9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FDF49FCC35018BA1019625CA5AE612E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="23FB7577479A9ABC3A9058F5CD5AB53A">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DF34374129986D70F5E5361DA907D944">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="722C8904159A53EC7E68F4CF96ABC84D">Mcevoy, Miles V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E2904924808F1D4C1D5F29AEF0B9BE29" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0E12213724DB121468C22101F83AEA1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8FD0F819BF6EA59A611C6DD327CE9CF0">Dowling, Todd A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D3F379D497208C6F382E08D4B0DA5504" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F147CC6BA94CB878262678DAAF2BDACE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E1C76B4C517350339576D7D98B77B212">Abrahamson, Warren G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2AF21F37E79C5E16551588110C90EDBE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="84A1F7DF8EB99ADB6203B0461328E69D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="07055C85F457A43918E1D8884BECF901">Moore, Joseph G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="56AA73FB7BE40E64B183D1B7F105EBA5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9ABD7EDF3451F1FBAE386B5AB3E04E3F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="708AA8E1DFF9565CBD164053ED514717">
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<mods:date id="21F2D0DB005117C2954AEB8AD5EA3BC6">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AACD579A9711BAE9AF0B44F013567E15" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5389BF8E6D62BA43858CCE9E844DC354">2152</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FF955FBBDC85200D90EE19799F4E399D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="43876052F01D20617213745632F9FECC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188745</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="074287C9FFCAE314FF01FA445BB33888" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217043" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6217043" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:074287C9FFCAE314FF01FA445BB33888" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/074287C9FFCAE314FF01FA445BB33888" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFCAE317FF01FA44589E38B3" box="[151,714,1446,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFCAE317FF01FA44589E38B3" blockId="5.[151,714,1446,1472]" box="[151,714,1446,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D41C81B3FFCAE317FF01FA44589E38B3" bold="true" box="[151,714,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFCAE317FF01FA44589E38B3" ID-CoL="8DN5T" authority="Osten Sacken 1869" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,714,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthophila">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFCAE317FF01FA44589E38B3" bold="true" box="[151,714,1446,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFCAE317FF01FA445B9738B3" bold="true" box="[151,451,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rhopalomyia anthophila</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFCAE317FE44FA44589638B3" author="Osten" box="[466,706,1446,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1869) Biological notes on Diptera (Galls on Solidago). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 1, 299 - 303." type="journal article" year="1869">Osten Sacken 1869</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFCAE317FF01FA0B583F3A9C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFCAE317FF01FA0B59A63B73" blockId="5.[151,1010,1513,1536]" box="[151,1010,1513,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AFFB11F1FFCAE317FF01FA0B59A63B73" box="[151,1010,1513,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFCAE317FF01FA0B58CA3B73" ID-CoL="87V4R" authority="Osten Sacken 1869: 302" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityPageNumber="302" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,670,1513,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Cecidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthophila">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFCAE317FF01FA0B5BC43B73" box="[151,400,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cecidomyia anthophila</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0E4A10CEFFCAE317FE01FA0B58CA3B73" author="Osten" box="[407,670,1513,1536]" page="302" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1869">
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<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFCAE317FE01FA0B583D3B73" author="Osten" box="[407,617,1513,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1869) Biological notes on Diptera (Galls on Solidago). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 1, 299 - 303." type="journal article" year="1869">Osten Sacken 1869</bibRefCitation>
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: 302
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0E4A10CEFFCAE317FD3FFA0B59103B73" author="Felt" box="[681,836,1513,1536]" page="364" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFCAE317FD3FFA0B59463B73" author="Felt" box="[681,786,1513,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" refString="Felt, E. P. (1908) Appendix D. pp. 286 - 422, 489 - 510. In: 23 rd report of the state entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York, 1907. New York State Museum Bulletin, 124, 5 - 541." type="journal article" year="1908">Felt 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 364
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFCAE317FCC2FA0B59B63B73" ID-CoL="79D8" box="[852,994,1513,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFCAE317FCC2FA0B59B63B73" box="[852,994,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFCAE317FF01F9CE583F3A9C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1580,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Adult: Antenna with 16–19 flagellomeres in male,
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<quantity id="48139B3AFFCAE317FC9CF9CE59223B35" box="[778,886,1580,1606]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15–19 in</quantity>
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female; necks of male flagellomeres III–VII 0.60–0.86 times as long as nodes; female flagellomeres without necks. Palpus 2-segmented; second segment thinner, 1.5 times as long as first in female, more than twice as long as first in male (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFCAE317FB32F99B5EBB3BE0" box="[1188,1263,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3" captionStartId="13.[151,270,1502,1526]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,284,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[181,1406,274,1477]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3. Rhopalomyia guttata; 1. Male distal flagellomeres. 2. Female distal flagellomeres. 3. Mouthparts. 4. Rhopalomyia anthophila mouthparts. Figs. 5 – 8. Rhopalomyia gina; 5. Acropod. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 6. Male head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 7. Female head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 8. Tip of female ovipositor showing fused cerci and hypoproct. Scale bars (except for Fig. 5) = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188746/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). Wing length
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<quantity id="48139B3AFFCAE317FF01F9425B703BC9" box="[151,292,1696,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.8 mm</quantity>
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in male,
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<quantity id="48139B3AFFCAE317FE07F942584B3BC9" box="[401,543,1696,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.7 mm</quantity>
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in female. Legs densely covered by dark scales. Male abdomen: covered by dark, hair-like scales. Sternites 2–8 with a posterior row of setae, a band of setae mesally, and pair of adjacent trichoid sensilla; weakly sclerotized between two bands of setae. Male terminalia (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFCAE317FBEAF90F5F553A74" box="[1148,1281,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 19" captionStartId="16.[151,270,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,189,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,164,1882]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 19. Male terminalia (in dorsal view unless otherwise noted). 9. Rhopalomyia anthophila. 10. Rhopalomyia anthophila, left gonopod, ventral. 11. Rhopalomyia bulbula. 12. Rhopalomyia guttata. 13. Rhopalomyia capitata. 14. Rhopalomyia clarkei. 15. Rhopalomyia cruziana. 16. Rhopalomyia fusiformae. 17. Rhopalomyia hirtipes. 18. Rhopalomyia gina. 19. Rhopalomyia gina, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
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): gonocoxite cylindrical, with apicoventral projection, setose and setulose, with setose mediobasal lobe; gonocoxal apodeme truncate to broad, undivided; gonostylus stout, only slightly narrowed toward apex, setulose throughout, with small brush-like tooth; aedeagus conical, rounded apically; hypoproct M-shaped, setose and setulose; cerci wide, separated by a deep notch, setose and setulose. Female abdomen (Fig. 26): scales and setation as in male; tergite 8 Y-shaped, with two trichoid sensilla anteriorly and a group of setae posteriorly; ovipositor 8.2 times as long as tergite 7.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC9E314FF50FF7A59273D8C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC9E314FF50FF7A59273D8C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Pupa (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC9E314FE82FF7A5BFD3DC1" box="[276,425,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 47" captionStartId="22.[151,279,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,201,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[323,1264,194,1727]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 47. Pupal heads. 40. Rhopalomyia anthophila, ventral. 41. Rhopalomyia anthophila, lateral. 42. Rhopalomyia capitata, ventral. 43. Rhopalomyia capitata, lateral. 44. Rhopalomyia clarkei, ventral. 45. Rhopalomyia clarkei, lateral. 46. Rhopalomyia gina, ventral. 47. Rhopalomyia gina, lateral. Scale bars = 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188749/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 40–41</figureCitation>
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): Antennal bases developed into small horns, rounded posteriorly, tapering abruptly toward tip, pointed anteriorly. Posterior margins of antenna bases V-shaped in frontal view. Frons without projections. Cephalic seta long, originating from inflated base.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC9E314FF50FEE95BBF3FF2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC9E314FF50FEE959013C00" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FF50FEE95B2B3C56" bold="true" box="[198,383,267,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<typeStatus id="5050887DFFC9E314FF50FEE95B553C56" box="[198,257,267,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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||
material:
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</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FE1AFEEE59033C55" authority="Osten Sacken." authorityName="Osten Sacken." box="[396,855,268,294]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Cecidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthophila">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FE1AFEEE58F53C56" box="[396,673,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cecidomyia anthophila</emphasis>
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||
Osten Sacken.
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="5050887DFFC9E314FCF7FEEE59853C55" box="[865,977,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC9E314FC49FEEE5E683C55" box="[991,1084,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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||
(pinned), collected by Osten Sacken near Brooklyn, NY,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC9E314FE6CFED058323C3F" box="[506,614,306,332]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1867-09">IX/1867</date>
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||
, ex. capitulum galls on
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FC00FED05E7D3C38" box="[918,1065,306,331]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
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||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FC00FED05E7D3C38" box="[918,1065,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. altissima</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (
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<collectionCode id="E9FAAE1AFFC9E314FD79FEBB591D3C00" box="[751,841,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MCZC</collectionCode>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC9E314FF50FE9D58F03F28" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FF50FE9D58433CEA" bold="true" box="[198,535,383,409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Other material examined:</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC9E314FDB2FE6258283CE9" box="[548,636,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC9E314FD1BFE6258A83CE9" box="[653,764,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, undisclosed locality and collector,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC9E314FB2DFE625F103CE9" box="[1211,1348,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1885-09-13">13/IX/1885</date>
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, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FA10FE625B553CB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FA10FE625B553CB3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. altissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FE87FE455BE43CB3" box="[273,432,423,448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FE87FE455BE43CB3" box="[273,432,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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of Felt), Felt # C1039 deposited in Felt Collection;
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC9E314FB98FE445E0B3CB3" box="[1038,1119,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC9E314FBFCFE445E913CB3" box="[1130,1221,422,448]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ontario, Toronto, W.M. Brodie, deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="E9FAAE1AFFC9E314FE4BFE2F58633C94" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[477,567,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC9E314FDD2FE2F58E63C94" box="[580,690,461,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC9E314FD28FE2F59103C94" box="[702,836,461,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC9E314FCC7FE2F59DB3C94" box="[849,911,461,487]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,, Freese Rd. & Fall Creek, NY,
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC9E314FA8CFE2F5FCC3C94" box="[1306,1432,461,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1986-09-06">6/IX/1986</date>
|
||
, M.V. McEvoy;
|
||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC9E314FEDDFE165BFD3F7D" box="[331,425,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="pupa">8 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC9E314FE22FE165BA63F7D" box="[436,498,500,526]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Etna, NY,
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC9E314FDE3FE1658A53F7D" box="[629,753,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2007-09-07">7/IX/2007</date>
|
||
, N. Dorchin and M. Wise.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFC9E314FBB1FE165EFE3F7D" author="Felt" box="[1063,1194,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" refString="Felt, E. P. (1915) Appendix: A study of gall midges III. Pp. 127 - 288, 295 - 326 In: 30 th report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York 1914. New York State Museum Bulletin, 180: 7 - 336." type="journal article" year="1915">Felt (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned galls that were collected in three other localities: Asheville, NC on
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC9E314FCC6FDF8598A3F47" box="[848,990,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1906-09-16">16/IX/1906</date>
|
||
; near Albany, NY in September; and Bushburg, MO on
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC9E314FEE4FDA35BAC3F28" box="[370,504,577,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1876-09-11">11/IX/1876</date>
|
||
by C.V. Riley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC9E314FF50FD855BBF3FF2" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1531]" box="[198,491,615,641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FF50FD855B5E3FF2" bold="true" box="[198,266,615,641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Host:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FE84FD8A5BBF3FF2" box="[274,491,616,641]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FE84FD8A5BBF3FF2" box="[274,491,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solidago altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC9E314FF50FD6C584A39EC" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC9E314FF50FD6C584A39EC" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FF50FD6C5BF53FDB" bold="true" box="[198,417,654,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gall and biology:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFC9E314FE3FFD6C58F53FDB" box="[425,673,654,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1869) Biological notes on Diptera (Galls on Solidago). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 1, 299 - 303." type="journal article">Osten Sacken (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included an exemplary account of the galls and their phenology in the original description of this species. The gall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC9E314FC8BFD5759E73FBC" box="[797,947,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 61" captionStartId="24.[151,270,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[158,1434,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[156,1441,194,1621]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 61. Rhopalomyia galls. 56. A group of Rhopalomyia anthophila capitulum galls (arrows) among normal capitula. 57. Rhopalomyia anthophila gall. Figs. 58 – 61. Rhopalomyia hirtipes; 58. Young gall. 59. Mature gall at base of plant. 60. Mature gall carried on a ramet about 50 cm above the ground. 61. Mature gall that has split to allow adult emergence; the emergence bag was opened to show the gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188751/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 56–57</figureCitation>
|
||
) constitutes a modified capitulum. It is cylindrical,
|
||
<quantity id="48139B3AFFC9E314FEB4FD3E5BC63F85" box="[290,402,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="48139B3AFFC9E314FD90FD3E582A3F85" box="[518,638,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, usually slightly wider at base than at the tip. The gall is green but densely covered by short, white hairs that give it a whitish, fuzzy appearance. Galls are almost always situated among normal capitula, and are accompanied by tiny leaves and/or ray florets at their base. Each gall contains a single smooth, thick-walled chamber. Inside this chamber is an inner, conical chamber with very thin walls, containing a single larva, facing downwards. Larvae turn to face upwards inside the gall before pupation. The gall’s wall is much thinner apically than laterally, and galls that contain pupae sometimes have slits at their tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC9E314FEFEFC265B963EAD" box="[360,450,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 61" captionStartId="24.[151,270,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[158,1434,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[156,1441,194,1621]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 61. Rhopalomyia galls. 56. A group of Rhopalomyia anthophila capitulum galls (arrows) among normal capitula. 57. Rhopalomyia anthophila gall. Figs. 58 – 61. Rhopalomyia hirtipes; 58. Young gall. 59. Mature gall at base of plant. 60. Mature gall carried on a ramet about 50 cm above the ground. 61. Mature gall that has split to allow adult emergence; the emergence bag was opened to show the gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188751/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
). Galls become apparent in mid August and pupation takes place in late August to mid September. This is a relatively rare species that has a very patchy distribution; in 1987 it was found in only two localities and in
|
||
<quantity id="48139B3AFFC9E314FE45FBF358643958" box="[467,560,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.097779999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="2007.0">2007 in</quantity>
|
||
only one locality in the Ithaca, NY area, despite screening thousands of plants in several field sites in New York and Pennsylvania. Galls are found singly or in aggregations on the same inflorescence. Larvae and pupae of this species are attacked by ectoparasitic wasps. Oviposition and overwintering sites are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC9E314FF50FB495BB33888" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC9E314FF50FB4958D738F4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FF50FB495B1639B6" bold="true" box="[198,322,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is generally similar to the other capitulum gallers on goldenrods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FB7DFB4E5F2739B6" box="[1259,1395,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruziana">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FB7DFB4E5F2739B6" box="[1259,1395,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. cruziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FA15FB4E5AB8399F" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FA15FB4E5AB8399F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FEA6FB315B8D399F" box="[304,473,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="racemicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FEA6FB315B8D399F" box="[304,473,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. racemicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but is distinct for the apicoventral projection of the gonocoxite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC9E314FB6AFB305F03399F" box="[1276,1367,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 19" captionStartId="16.[151,270,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,189,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,164,1882]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 19. Male terminalia (in dorsal view unless otherwise noted). 9. Rhopalomyia anthophila. 10. Rhopalomyia anthophila, left gonopod, ventral. 11. Rhopalomyia bulbula. 12. Rhopalomyia guttata. 13. Rhopalomyia capitata. 14. Rhopalomyia clarkei. 15. Rhopalomyia cruziana. 16. Rhopalomyia fusiformae. 17. Rhopalomyia hirtipes. 18. Rhopalomyia gina. 19. Rhopalomyia gina, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188747/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pupa has well-developed antennal bases and a much longer cephalic seta than that of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FB6DFB1B5FC93861" box="[1275,1437,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FB6DFB1B5FC93861" box="[1275,1437,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from goldenrods whose pupae we studied, although the pupae of the other capitulum gallers from goldenrods are unknown. The shape and structure of the gall are the best characters by which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC9E314FB6CFAA55FC83813" box="[1274,1436,1351,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Cecidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC9E314FB6CFAA55FC83813" box="[1274,1436,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R. anthophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from similar species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC9E314FF50FA765BB33888" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Males we examined had 16–17 antennal flagellomeres, although in his original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFC9E314FB6DFA765AB138A7" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1869) Biological notes on Diptera (Galls on Solidago). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 1, 299 - 303." type="journal article">Osten Sacken (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that the few males he reared had 19 flagellomeres. Other aspects of the male description match the specimens we examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |