treatments-xml/data/C4/C8/3E/C4C83E51B4F569E2ACDCA89C7FB5EDF6.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="C4C83E51B4F569E2ACDCA89C7FB5EDF6" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139101010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>112</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>141</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1911101</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201244" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4C83E51B4F569E2ACDCA89C7FB5EDF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4C83E51B4F569E2ACDCA89C7FB5EDF6" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
32. 
<taxonomicName LSID="C4C83E51-B4F5-69E2-ACDC-A89C7FB5EDF6" authority="Pirie" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F49" captionText="Figure 42. Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie. a leaves b flower c immature fruit (a, c Edwards 397 b Steyermark 94314)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 9" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Map 9. Distribution of C. macrocarpum Maas; and C. venezuelanum Pirie." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">Cremastosperma venezuelanum</taxonomicName>
Pirie, Blumea 50: 34, f. 1. 2005.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
VENEZUELA, Carababo: Autonomo Mora, Watershed of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morón">Moron</normalizedToken>
, 3 May 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Diaz, W. &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niño">Nino</normalizedToken>
, M. 231
</emphasis>
(holotype: U! [U0012254]; isotype: NY! [NY00759136]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
7-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 10-20 mm long, 3-4 mm diam.; lamina narrowly elliptic, 30-53 by 9-15 cm (index 3-3.6), chartacous to subcoriacous, shiny, dark brown above, olive green/greyish/light to dark brown below, glabrous on both sides, base cordate (rarely rounded), apex obtuse to acute, primary vein 2.5-5 mm wide at the widest point, secondary veins 15-30, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 12 mm at the base to 40 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 90° at the base to 60-50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming more or less indistinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-3 mm; tertiary veins showing some reticulation. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of single flowers clustered in groups of up to 6, produced from leafless branches or from the main trunk; peduncles ca. 2 by 1 mm (in flower), 3-5 by 1.5-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels ca. 11 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 16-22 by 1.5-2 mm (in fruit), glabrous; one lower bract, very broadly triangular, 0.5-1 mm long, obtuse, persistent, glabrous; upper bract attachment variable within central 80% of length, ca. 1 by 1.5 mm, depressed triangular, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers dark brown to black 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, depressed triangular, reflexed, ca. 1 by 1.5 mm, acute to obtuse, persistent on less mature fruits; outer petals elliptic, ca. 18 by 10 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 21 by 6 mm; androecium ca. 4 mm diam., stamens ca. 1 mm long, connective ca. 0.4 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.8 mm diam., carpels 0.6-0.7 mm long, glabrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
20-35, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 17-20 by 12-13 mm, black 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, with a strongly excentric apicule; stipes 15-22 by 1.5-2 mm; fruiting receptacle 5-12 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, 15-17 by 13-16 mm, raphe raised, regular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Understorey of primary, moist, evergreen forest. At elevations of 350-1100 m. Fruiting: April and May; flowering: August.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma venezuelanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is best distinguished from other species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its distinctive acute to obtuse leaf apex (as opposed to acuminate or caudate in other species). The combination of cordate (rarely rounded) leaf base, the large angles of the secondary with the primary veins near the base of the leaves and the lack of indument on any parts are also unique. Only one other species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected in Venezuela, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
C 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">macrocarpum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Maas, which has longer pedicels and larger monocarps with shorter, thicker stipes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma venezuelanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only four collections and its EOO and AOO would both qualify as Endangered; however it has been found within the bounds of a national park (Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela). Near Threatened [NT] (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">VENEZUELA. Aragua</emphasis>
: Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Maracay-Ocumare, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.35">10°21'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.71667">67°43'W</geoCoordinate>
, 740 m a.s.l., 1 Apr 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Edwards et al. 397</emphasis>
(NY); Parque Nacional Dos Riitos, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.583333">10°35'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.0">68°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 600 m a.s.l., 19 May 1943, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Killip</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lasser 37752</emphasis>
(NY, S). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carababo</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gián">Gian</normalizedToken>
, S of Borburata, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.166667">10°10'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.083336">68°05'W</geoCoordinate>
, 350-500 m a.s.l., 7 Aug 1965, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steyermark 94314</emphasis>
(NY, US).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911471" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Map 9" startId="F50">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Map 9.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. macrocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas; and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. venezuelanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pirie.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911357" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 42" startId="F49">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma venezuelanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pirie. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
leaves 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
immature fruit (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a, c</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Edwards 397</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steyermark 94314</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>