314 lines
33 KiB
XML
314 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="39B55F85EE837B6B85312183B754DC04" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf35358c-a673-4542-9dd0-1ea1e70b4fc9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="232726" ID-ZooBank="36A90396-5654-45AD-90B0-4653BB98851B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461040562057" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Nguyen, Lien T. P. & Kojima, Jun-Ichi" docDate="2015" docId="C423CC1F6F61FFCD25A2FDEBFF86F915" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03947p235.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3947 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parapolybia takasagona Sonan 1944" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="223" masterDocId="381AB4676F69FFC52535FF87FE13FFB3" masterDocTitle="Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="215" pageNumber="223" updateTime="1698575513389" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9E520B8566761D14206987AA4F2A5FF5">Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="949EF81937E2E7AA04551A23C21E3851">Saito-Morooka, Fuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0FC2225E75A61C4ADB707E1245EB309">Nguyen, Lien T. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D81BAEDAC6C4E7431EA10C2338142BF">Kojima, Jun-Ichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DC92795D74644EF3E75C3AA4C50D7A1A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7EF9AD46A930EE6CBC503235F112FAE6">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EECE5AAA733C391AA01FBA212D141762">3947</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C423CC1F6F61FFCD25A2FDEBFF86F915" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097419" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097419" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C423CC1F6F61FFCD25A2FDEBFF86F915" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C423CC1F6F61FFCD25A2FDEBFF86F915" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
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<subSubSection id="04902E826F61FFCD25A2FDEBFF42FD14" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25A2FDEBFC49FD35" blockId="8.[151,602,620,679]" box="[151,602,620,646]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
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<heading id="177DCA656F61FFCD25A2FDEBFC49FD35" bold="true" box="[151,602,620,646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD25A2FDEBFC49FD35" ID-CoL="4D9G2" authority="Sonan, 1944" authorityName="Sonan" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,602,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25A2FDEBFC49FD35" bold="true" box="[151,602,620,646]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25A2FDEBFFA8FD35" bold="true" box="[151,443,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Parapolybia takasagona</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD24F7FDEBFC49FD35" author="Sonan" box="[450,602,620,646]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Taiwan, 34, 342 - 345. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25A2FD09FF42FD14" blockId="8.[151,602,620,679]" box="[151,337,654,679]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F61FFCD25AAFD09FF33FD14" box="[159,288,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 40" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232730/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Figs 33–35</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F61FFCD241EFD08FF5BFD14" box="[299,328,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76" captionStartId="16.[151,263,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1327,194,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[259,1328,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232734/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">78</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04902E826F61FFCD25A2FD51FC7AFC99" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25A2FD51FC7AFC99" blockId="8.[151,1436,726,810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9A5A276F61FFCD25A2FD51FC7AFC99" infered="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD25A2FD51FC43FD5F" ID-CoL="4D9G2" authority="Sonan 1944: 344" authorityName="Sonan" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,592,726,748]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25A2FD51FF80FD5F" box="[151,403,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Parapolybia takasagona</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2B5B186F61FFCD24A9FD51FC43FD5F" author="Sonan" box="[412,592,726,748]" page="344" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" year="1944">
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<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD24A9FD51FC08FD5F" author="Sonan" box="[412,539,726,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Taiwan, 34, 342 - 345. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan 1944</bibRefCitation>
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: 344
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ♀, ♂ “Taipei, Tamaru, Rato” (
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<typeStatus id="9331C3AB6F61FFCD26A8FD51FDE9FD5F" box="[925,1018,726,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, ♀ from “Tamaru (Rato)”, TARI);
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<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD205EFD51FEEFFCB8" author="Starr" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Starr, C. K. (1992) The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 3, 93 - 138." type="journal article" year="1992">Starr 1992</bibRefCitation>
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, 112, figs. 28b, 30 (syn.:
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD24CFFD72FC50FCB8" ID-CoL="4D9FY" box="[506,579,757,779]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD24CFFD72FC50FCB8" box="[506,579,757,779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">nodosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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van der
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<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD27AEFD72FD0BFCB8" author="Vecht" box="[667,792,757,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The east-asiatic and indo-australian species of Polybioide s Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hym. Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42. [plate. 3]" type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2B5B186F61FFCD261CFD71FA01FCB8" author="Yamane" box="[809,1042,757,779]" page="75" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD261CFD71FDFCFCB8" author="Yamane" box="[809,1007,757,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Yamane, Sk., Yamane, So. & Wang, H. Y. (1995) The identity of Parapolybia takasagona Sonan (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 54, 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="1995">
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Yamane
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD26B4FD71FDA7FCB8" box="[897,948,757,779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
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1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 75
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(redescription of the
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<typeStatus id="9331C3AB6F61FFCD21DEFD71FB09FCB8" box="[1259,1306,758,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">type</typeStatus>
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||
; synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD25F2FC93FF98FC99" ID-CoL="4D9FX" box="[199,395,788,810]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25F2FC93FF98FC99" box="[199,395,788,810]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Parapolybia indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(de Saussure, 1854)).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="04902E826F61FFCD25A2FCD6FB40FCD9" box="[151,1363,849,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25A2FCD6FB40FCD9" blockId="8.[151,1437,849,1702]" box="[151,1363,849,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25A2FCD6FF02FCD9" bold="true" box="[151,273,849,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species similar to
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD272FFCD5FC6BFCDA" box="[538,632,849,873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. i nd i ca</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD27BFFCD5FCCEFCDA" box="[650,733,850,873]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD27BFFCD5FCCEFCDA" box="[650,733,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. nana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="65CD1C606F61FFCD27D1FCD6FD2EFCD9" box="[740,829,849,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD27D1FCD6FD2EFCD9" bold="true" box="[740,829,849,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD2679FCD5FDA1FCDA" box="[844,946,850,873]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crocea" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD2679FCD5FDA1FCDA" box="[844,946,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. crocea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65CD1C606F61FFCD268CFCD6FA01FCD9" box="[953,1042,849,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD268CFCD6FA01FCD9" bold="true" box="[953,1042,849,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, but differs in nodulated T1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="04902E826F61FFCD25F2FCF2FECFFB62" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25F2FCF2FECFFB62" blockId="8.[151,1437,849,1702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
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||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25F2FCF2FFA0FC3D" bold="true" box="[199,435,885,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="9331C3AB6F61FFCD2489FCF1FC43FC3D" box="[444,592,886,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
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of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD274EFCF1FDBDFC3D" authority="Sonan 1944" authorityName="Sonan" authorityYear="1944" box="[635,942,885,910]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
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||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD274EFCF1FD09FC3E" box="[635,794,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD2616FCF1FDBDFC3D" author="Sonan" box="[803,942,886,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Taiwan, 34, 342 - 345. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, 1 ♀ Tamaru, Rato [= Tianwan, in Datong Township, Yilan County,
|
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,
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,
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<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F61FFCD27FEFC1DFD38FC02" box="[715,811,922,946]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" unit="m" value="1090.0">1090 m</quantity>
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],
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||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD2671FC1EFDDDFC01" box="[836,974,921,946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1923-08-30">30.viii.1923</date>
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||
, J. Sonan [
|
||
<collectionCode id="2A9BE5CC6F61FFCD216FFC1DFAB1FC01" box="[1114,1186,922,946]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">TARI</collectionCode>
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];
|
||
<typeStatus id="9331C3AB6F61FFCD218FFC1DFB46FC01" box="[1210,1365,922,946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD20B2FC1DFF0BFC66" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD20B2FC1DFF0BFC66" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3 ♀
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||
<specimenCount id="5A8CB6806F61FFCD2478FC3AFF6FFC66" box="[333,380,957,982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="generic">5 ♂</specimenCount>
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, [
|
||
<specimenCount id="5A8CB6806F61FFCD24A4FC39FFADFC66" box="[401,446,958,982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Kobayashi, Rato (=? no modern name,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BE1BCE6F61FFCD26B6FC39FDF0FC65" box="[899,995,958,982]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" precision="925" value="24.65">24°39'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BE1BCE6F61FFCD26DBFC3AFA7EFC65" box="[1006,1133,957,982]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" precision="92" value="121.50833">121°30.5'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F61FFCD214CFC3AFAD1FC66" box="[1145,1218,957,982]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" unit="m" value="670.0">670 m</quantity>
|
||
, Datong Township, Yilan County),
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD2472FC66FFC2FC49" box="[327,465,993,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1923-08-28">28.viii.1923</date>
|
||
, J. Sonan; 1 ♀, Taiheizan (Taipingshan or Taiping Mountain, Yilan County,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BE1BCE6F61FFCD200CFC65FB84FC49" box="[1337,1431,994,1018]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" precision="925" value="24.5">24°30'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BE1BCE6F61FFCD25A2FB81FF13FBAD" box="[151,256,1030,1054]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" precision="925" value="121.53333">121°32'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F61FFCD243AFB81FF79FBAD" box="[271,362,1030,1054]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD24B4FB82FFC1FBAD" box="[385,466,1029,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1930-02">ii.1930</date>
|
||
, S. Minowa; 1 ♀, Kobayashi, Rato,
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD2649FB82FA15FBAD" box="[892,1030,1029,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1923-08-29">29.viii.1923</date>
|
||
, J. Sonan; 1 ♀, Arisan (= Alishan,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BE1BCE6F61FFCD25A2FBADFEE5FBF1" box="[151,246,1066,1090]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" precision="925" value="23.533333">23°32'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BE1BCE6F61FFCD2430FBADFF7CFBF1" box="[261,367,1066,1090]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" precision="925" value="120.8">120°48'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD24B3FBADFFFAFBF1" box="[390,489,1066,1090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1917-05-02">2.v.1917</date>
|
||
, T. Shiraki;
|
||
<specimenCount id="5A8CB6806F61FFCD274FFBADFCB9FBF2" box="[634,682,1066,1090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Taiheizan,
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD2603FBAEFDD3FBF1" box="[822,960,1065,1090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1923-08-26">26.viii.1923</date>
|
||
, J. Sonan] [
|
||
<collectionCode id="2A9BE5CC6F61FFCD217EFBADFA80FBF1" box="[1099,1171,1066,1090]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">TARI</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD2192FBAEFB77FBF1" bold="true" box="[1191,1380,1065,1090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Other material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="5A8CB6806F61FFCD205AFBADFB8FFBF2" box="[1391,1436,1066,1090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="2A9BE5CC6F61FFCD25ABFBC9FEF0FBD5" box="[158,227,1102,1126]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">TARI</collectionCode>
|
||
), Lienhuachih,
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F61FFCD24AFFBCAFFF4FBD6" box="[410,487,1101,1126]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
|
||
, Nantou Hsien,
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD279FFBCAFD1AFBD5" box="[682,777,1101,1126]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1984-12">xii.1984</date>
|
||
, K.S. Lin & K.C. Chou; 2 ♀ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="2A9BE5CC6F61FFCD2148FBC9FAD3FBD5" box="[1149,1216,1102,1126]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">NTM</collectionCode>
|
||
; both identified as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD2596FBF6FF6DFB3A" box="[163,382,1137,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD2596FBF6FF6DFB3A" box="[163,382,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Parapolybia indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” by Sk. Yamane in 1994), 159 K, Central Cross Highway, Hualien, [
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD21ADFBF6FB15FB39" box="[1176,1286,1137,1162]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1989-09-09">9.ix.1989</date>
|
||
, C.C. Chiou;
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD25A2FB12FF32FB1D" box="[151,289,1173,1198]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1989-08-12">12.viii.1989</date>
|
||
, J.T. Chao]; 1 ♀ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="2A9BE5CC6F61FFCD24CCFB11FC2EFB1D" box="[505,573,1174,1198]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">NTM</collectionCode>
|
||
), Yangmingshan [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BE1BCE6F61FFCD2639FB12FD7EFB1D" box="[780,877,1173,1198]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" precision="925" value="25.15">25°09'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BE1BCE6F61FFCD2649FB11FDF5FB1D" box="[892,998,1174,1198]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" precision="925" value="121.55">121°33'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F61FFCD26C0FB12FA6FFB1E" box="[1013,1148,1173,1198]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" unit="m" value="500.0" valueMax="550.0" valueMin="450.0">450–550 m</quantity>
|
||
], Taipei,
|
||
<date id="38345BC96F61FFCD21DCFB11FB49FB1D" box="[1257,1370,1174,1198]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" value="1994-05-31">31.v.1994</date>
|
||
, H.Y. Wang.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04902E826F61FFCD25F2FB5AFC0FFAD1" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25F2FB5AFF96FAA9" blockId="8.[151,1437,849,1702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25F2FB5AFF4AFB45" bold="true" box="[199,345,1245,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
FEMALE. Body length 14.0–15.0 mm (
|
||
<typeStatus id="9331C3AB6F61FFCD2601FB5AFD89FB45" box="[820,922,1245,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 14.0 mm); fore wing length 12.0–
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F61FFCD2003FB5AFB8FFB46" box="[1334,1436,1245,1270]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="9331C3AB6F61FFCD25ABFA86FF17FAA9" box="[158,260,1281,1306]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 13.0 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25F2FAA1FC0FFAD1" blockId="8.[151,1437,849,1702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
|
||
MALE. Body length 12.0–13.0 mm; fore wing length 10.0–
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F61FFCD265CFAA2FDDCFA8E" box="[873,975,1317,1342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Male antenna length 9.0 mm; F11 about
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F61FFCD25A2FACDFEFEFAD2" box="[151,237,1354,1378]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 1.8 × as long as F10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04902E826F61FFCD25F2FAEAFFD2FA35" box="[199,449,1389,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25F2FAEAFFD2FA35" blockId="8.[151,1437,849,1702]" box="[199,449,1389,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25F2FAEAFF73FA35" bold="true" box="[199,352,1389,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349D3D996F61FFCD2452FAEAFFAEFA35" box="[359,445,1389,1414]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04902E826F61FFCD25F2FA16FF86F915" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F61FFCD25F2FA16FF86F915" blockId="8.[151,1437,849,1702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD25F2FA16FF28FA19" bold="true" box="[199,315,1425,1450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD2476FA15FFDDFA19" author="Starr" box="[323,462,1426,1450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Starr, C. K. (1992) The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 3, 93 - 138." type="journal article" year="1992">Starr (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, having examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9331C3AB6F61FFCD27E5FA16FD21FA19" box="[720,818,1425,1450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD266FFA15FDEBFA1A" box="[858,1016,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD266FFA15FDEBFA1A" box="[858,1016,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD2180FA15FB40FA1A" box="[1205,1363,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD2180FA15FB40FA1A" box="[1205,1363,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a valid species and the senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD276FFA32FD2DFA7E" box="[602,830,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD276FFA32FD2DFA7E" box="[602,830,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Parapolybia nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD26A8FA32FA36FA7D" author="Vecht" box="[925,1061,1461,1486]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The east-asiatic and indo-australian species of Polybioide s Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hym. Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42. [plate. 3]" type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this synonymy, however, has not been accepted (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD2442FA5DFC48FA41" author="Yamane" box="[375,603,1497,1522]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Yamane, Sk., Yamane, So. & Wang, H. Y. (1995) The identity of Parapolybia takasagona Sonan (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 54, 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Yamane
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD24E9FA5DFC04FA42" box="[476,535,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kojima
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD27F2FA5DFCE9FA42" box="[711,762,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281B00F86F61FFCD2669FA5DFA5CFA41" box="[860,1103,1497,1522]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refString="Yamane, Sk., Yamane, So. & Wang, H. Y. (1995) The identity of Parapolybia takasagona Sonan (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 54, 75 - 78." type="journal article">
|
||
Yamane
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD26F5FA5DFDE7FA42" box="[960,1012,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9331C3AB6F61FFCD21CEFA5EFB4EFA41" box="[1275,1373,1497,1522]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD20B2FA5DFF0BF9A6" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD20B2FA5DFF0BF9A6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD2725FA79FCA1F9A6" box="[528,690,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD2725FA79FCA1F9A6" box="[528,690,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD26C3FA79FA4EF9A6" box="[1014,1117,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD26C3FA79FA4EF9A6" box="[1014,1117,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de Saussure 1854). Their synonymy, however, as pointed out by Kojima
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD2787F9A5FCF7F98A" box="[690,740,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011), was not based on a robust taxonomic considaration. Not only based on differences in coloration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F61FFCD27A9F9C2FCFCF9ED" box="[668,751,1605,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76" captionStartId="16.[151,263,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1327,194,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[259,1328,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232734/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
) but also morphological differences [less developed female gena (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F61FFCD25E9F9EEFF23F931" box="[220,304,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 40" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232730/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
), club-shaped T1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F61FFCD2731F9EEFC83F931" box="[516,656,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 40" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232730/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Figs. 34–35</figureCitation>
|
||
)], we have concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F61FFCD2688F9EDFA48F932" box="[957,1115,1641,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F61FFCD2688F9EDFA48F932" box="[957,1115,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a good species and might be endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349D3D996F61FFCD240EF90AFF82F915" box="[315,401,1677,1702]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |