589 lines
73 KiB
XML
589 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="530746076366248F397839F40F141F8E" ID-CLB-Dataset="28337" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4568.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4c7a675-84b1-4418-9c19-698dd00e0ba5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2599163" ID-ZooBank="3EF72F1D-21B8-4729-8141-7B490D820496" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553062910585" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Báborská, Zuzana, Skuhrovec, Jiří & Košťál, Michael" docDate="2019" docId="7E0F8795A206FFB31FA5AA35FD987DFD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4568.1.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4568 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tychius subsulcatus Tournier 1847" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="8236FFEDA207FFB71F32AD42FF917D28" masterDocTitle="The mature larva and pupa of Tychius subsulcatus Tournier, 1847 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with comments on its biology and phylogenetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="168" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1698702509351" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7EC9DE972CDD0257FEE2D470DCBD6887" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="46A034DDB57C906C1FA8483BC9084941">
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<mods:title id="9CFF4D025BAD16C14A25B0751E3C75EF">The mature larva and pupa of Tychius subsulcatus Tournier, 1847 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with comments on its biology and phylogenetic relationships</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A844CDF807200645A61F8E6AE302D5F7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F192DDD55FC6F87E9E9A828599223FCE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6C181096A27B7740A06C0563D7276B74">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FB633219DE1AB026EE7791CCD93ECD00">Báborská, Zuzana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="43E62828910EE08A9F71287E0B41FD15" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="17CB5AE87AFCF2B96C9BC1D04B0A972A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="32E48EDAB90790BB1183552EFFE3CB4F">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1327B42B8CC02C7BAEDFCCA439F8C937" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D4FA2D4C971B4DF153D2837D78EF2D10">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1987299C880844D402E71D0F0D6053F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3830E5CB0F4558522D67D6DFBFB36DA8">Košťál, Michael</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8889BC54EC92CDCEBB745DAB4BE39400">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6BA356D9662C38BDBEF3347D8F386286">
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<mods:title id="068269DFAD2DA7B322DE3D8DEE7FC98E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="86F06902ECBFA4FE374C9FF18547646A">
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<mods:date id="A7EE4DD1B2D3B45A57793CFAAABE8E89">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DDE782BE4372223D08DDDD08AD950164" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="FDCCD2564BDFDC451009EA4F07409211">2019-03-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="9B076EBFC3DE4F3F45A967A4900B7BD5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="56AA2C7F16ADBFB162A78E89AB00C9DC">4568</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7D7C8E09A25A7E2E11C6E5F56A0BE257" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9DDFC79BF9748CC7543691AA9BEB6D9D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="137857FFEC8865149DEF9AC113D85628">168</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="39D10DB721D5B3EB9D62E49BF856510B">176</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="1E99692C263F46FD40AFFD91BC4E9CCE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4B5FB83EBAE367FF1BC5BBC5C5250EA4" type="CLB-Dataset">28337</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF58085D3558843CBAF226DEAE231400" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4568.1.10</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="468837A9CA3F77C4587B092BA0FA0AA4" type="GBIF-Dataset">f4c7a675-84b1-4418-9c19-698dd00e0ba5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="65086C78D7040E62F681F865D1EA723F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2C9B5F272600CDFB2BFCDE0454635471" type="Zenodo-Dep">2599163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2DF5BC64957E225642D9456B7E3B483F" type="ZooBank">3EF72F1D-21B8-4729-8141-7B490D820496</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="7E0F8795A206FFB31FA5AA35FD987DFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5925471" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154435607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5925471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E0F8795A206FFB31FA5AA35FD987DFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E0F8795A206FFB31FA5AA35FD987DFD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">
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<subSubSection id="BEBC6508A206FFB61FA5AA35FDD97AB9" box="[151,584,1911,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F6193683A206FFB61FA5AA35FDD97AB9" blockId="1.[151,584,1911,1937]" box="[151,584,1911,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">
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<heading id="AD5181EFA206FFB61FA5AA35FDD97AB9" bold="true" box="[151,584,1911,1937]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="31A64D00A206FFB61FA5AA35FDD97AB9" ID-CoL="7CYQZ" authority="Tournier, 1847" authorityName="Tournier" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,584,1911,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsulcatus">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A206FFB61FA5AA35FDD97AB9" bold="true" box="[151,584,1911,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A206FFB61FA5AA35FE1A7AB9" bold="true" box="[151,395,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">Tychius subsulcatus</emphasis>
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Tournier, 1847
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BEBC6508A206FFB51FA5AAF5FC767DFD" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F6193683A206FFB61FA5AAF5FBCA7ADC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1975,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A206FFB61FA5AAF5FE127AF8" bold="true" box="[151,387,1975,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">Material examined.</emphasis>
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20 L
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<materialsCitation id="46CE3CDEA206FFB61EF7AAFAFBCA7ADC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2013824444" collectingDate="2. vii. 2015 and 14. vii. 2015" country="Slovakia" determinerName="M. Kostal." elevation="250" latitude="48.198334" location="Cerova" longLatPrecision="110" longitude="19.993334" municipality="Gemersky Jablonec" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-larva="3" specimenCount-pupa="16">
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<specimenCount id="E0A0FD0AA206FFB61EF7AAFAFDB17AF8" box="[453,544,1975,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="E0A0FD0AA206FFB61D69AAF5FD597AE7" box="[603,712,1975,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" type="pupa">16 pupae</specimenCount>
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:
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<collectingDate id="925CE9ABA206FFB61DE7AAF5FB927AF8" box="[725,1027,1975,2000]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">
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<date id="82181043A206FFB61DE7AAF5FCD77AF8" box="[725,838,1975,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" value="2015-07-02">2.vii.2015</date>
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and
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<date id="82181043A206FFB61CB0AAF5FB927AF8" box="[898,1027,1975,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" value="2015-07-14">14.vii.2015</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<location id="F3796058A206FFB61B20AAFAFBF27AF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E0F8795A206FFB31FA5AA35FD987DFD:F3796058A206FFB61B20AAFAFBF27AF8" box="[1042,1123,1976,2000]" country="Slovakia" latitude="48.198334" longLatPrecision="110" longitude="19.993334" municipality="Gemersky Jablonec" name="Cerova" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">Cerová</location>
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vrchovina Mts.,
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<collectingMunicipality id="167DACF9A206FFB61A1BAAF5FF687ADC" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">Gemerský Jablonec</collectingMunicipality>
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env.,
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<collectingCountry id="8EB17613A206FFB61E09AA99FE317ADC" box="[315,416,2011,2036]" name="Slovakia" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="93925044A206FFB61E99AA9EFDB67ADC" box="[427,551,2012,2036]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" precision="92" value="48.198334">N 48°11.9´</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="93925044A206FFB61D1CAA9EFD3B7ADC" box="[558,682,2011,2036]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" precision="92" value="19.993334">E 19°59.6´</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="7D8BD1B0A206FFB61D84AA99FCD67ADC" box="[694,839,2011,2036]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="250.0">
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<quantity id="315E9B66A206FFB61D84AA99FD6C7ADB" box="[694,765,2011,2036]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
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a. s. l.
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</elevation>
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, lgt. and det.
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<determinerName id="03C5DA47A206FFB61CEDAA9EFBCA7ADC" box="[991,1115,2011,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="169">M. Košťál.</determinerName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB51FF5ADD5FC767DFD" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FF5ADD5FD8D7D98" bold="true" box="[199,540,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Descriptions. Mature larva.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D18ADDBFD5D7D98" box="[554,716,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Measurements</emphasis>
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(in mm). Body length: 4.52–6.15 (mean 5.30). Body width (abdominal segments II–V) up to 1.80. Head width: 0.60–0.71 (mean 0.66).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BEBC6508A205FFB41FF5AD9DFDB57AB2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="2" pageNumber="170" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB51FF5AD9DFB9B7DD0" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,1034,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FF5AD9DFEBB7DD0" box="[199,298,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">General.</emphasis>
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Body elongate, slender, curved, rounded in cross section (
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<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51C8AAD9DFC6C7DD0" box="[952,1021,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,337,1161]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,337,1161]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599167/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB51FF5AC46FAFB7C34" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,1386,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FF5AC46FED37C35" box="[199,322,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Coloration</emphasis>
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. Head light brown (
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<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51D11AC46FDF97C34" box="[547,616,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,337,1161]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,337,1161]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599167/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). All thoracic and abdominal segments whitish to yellowish (
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<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51A25AC46FACD7C34" box="[1303,1372,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,337,1161]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,337,1161]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599167/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A2D9660BA205FFB51FA5A9DCFC69799C" box="[151,1016,1182,1204]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599167/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170" startId="2.[151,250,1182,1204]" targetBox="[150,1436,337,1161]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB51FA5A9DCFC69799C" blockId="2.[151,1016,1182,1204]" box="[151,1016,1182,1204]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FA5A9DCFE83799B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1182,1204]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="31A64D00A205FFB51E2BA9DCFE73799C" authorityName="Tournier" authorityYear="1847" box="[281,482,1182,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsulcatus">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E2BA9DCFE73799C" box="[281,482,1182,1204]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Tychius subsulcatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB51FF5A9A0FA0779D2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1249,2024]" box="[199,1430,1249,1274]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FF5A9A0FEBE79D1" box="[199,303,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Vestiture.</emphasis>
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Setae on body thin, pale orange to brown, distinctly unequal in length (minute to very short or long).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB51FF5A847FE797B64" blockId="2.[151,1437,1249,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FF5A847FEF07836" box="[199,353,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Head capsule</emphasis>
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. Head oval, slightly or more flattened laterally. Frontal sutures distinct, extended to stemmata, forming a “Y” with the epicranial suture. Endocarinal line present, long and wide, reaching 2/3 of frons length. Two small stemmata (st), one larger, in the form of a pigmented spot with convex cornea behind antenna, second rudimentary, close to
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51EB9A833FE2178A2" box="[395,432,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
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||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51E82A8C2FE2978A6" attach="left" box="[432,440,1408,1422]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E82A8C2FE2978A6" box="[432,440,1408,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">5</emphasis>
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||
</subScript>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51EF5A830FE6278A1" box="[455,499,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Des</emphasis>
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<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51EC0A8C2FE6B78A6" attach="left" box="[498,506,1408,1422]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51EC0A8C2FE6B78A6" box="[498,506,1408,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
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||
</subScript>
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located almost in central part of epicarnium,
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51CCFA833FBB378A2" box="[1021,1058,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
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<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51B10A8C2FBBB78A6" attach="left" box="[1058,1066,1408,1422]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B10A8C2FBBB78A6" box="[1058,1066,1408,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">2</emphasis>
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</subScript>
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very close to frontal suture,
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A5DA833FA0578A2" box="[1391,1428,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
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||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51AA6A8C2FA0D78A6" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1408,1422]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51AA6A8C2FA0D78A6" box="[1428,1436,1408,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">3</emphasis>
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||
</subScript>
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at lateral margin of frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D16A8D5FDD87898" box="[548,585,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
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||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51D7BA8E4FDC0789C" attach="left" box="[585,593,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D7BA8E4FDC0789C" box="[585,593,1446,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">4</emphasis>
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||
</subScript>
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||
close to
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||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D89A8D5FD717898" box="[699,736,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51DD2A8E4FD79789C" attach="left" box="[736,744,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51DD2A8E4FD79789C" box="[736,744,1446,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">5</emphasis>
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</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51DCAA8D5FC8C7898" box="[760,797,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51C2FA8E4FCB4789C" attach="left" box="[797,805,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51C2FA8E4FCB4789C" box="[797,805,1446,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">5</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
located anterolaterally;
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B04A8D5FBCA7898" box="[1078,1115,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51B6EA8E4FBF5789C" attach="right" box="[1116,1124,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B6EA8E4FBF5789C" box="[1116,1124,1446,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B41A8D5FB097898" box="[1139,1176,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51BABA8E4FB30789C" attach="left" box="[1177,1185,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51BABA8E4FB30789C" box="[1177,1185,1446,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">3</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51BE9A8D5FA917898" box="[1243,1280,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51A32A8E4FA99789C" attach="left" box="[1280,1288,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A32A8E4FA99789C" box="[1280,1288,1446,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">5</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
long to very long,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FEAA8FCFF6C78FF" box="[216,253,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51FCFA88FFE9478F3" attach="left" box="[253,261,1485,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FCFA88FFE9478F3" box="[253,261,1485,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">2</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
short to very short,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51EDDA8FCFD8578FF" box="[495,532,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51D27A88FFD8C78F3" attach="left" box="[533,541,1485,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D27A88FFD8C78F3" box="[533,541,1485,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">4</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
very short to minute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51C2CA8FCFCF578FF" box="[798,868,1470,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51C49A882FC0678FF" box="[891,919,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51CA5A88FFC0E78F3" attach="left" box="[919,927,1485,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51CA5A88FFC0E78F3" box="[919,927,1485,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51CEAA8FDFC7A78FF" box="[984,1003,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">fs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51CD9A88FFC6278F3" attach="left" box="[1003,1011,1485,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51CD9A88FFC6278F3" box="[1003,1011,1485,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">2</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
absent,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B61A8FDFBF778FF" box="[1107,1126,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">fs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51B57A88FFBFC78F3" attach="left" box="[1125,1133,1485,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B57A88FFBFC78F3" box="[1125,1133,1485,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">3</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
located medially,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A0DA8FDFAC378FF" box="[1343,1362,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">fs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51A60A88FFACB78F3" attach="left" box="[1362,1370,1485,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A60A88FFACB78F3" box="[1362,1370,1485,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">4</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
more laterally, close to epistome,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51EEDA8A4FE6378D6" box="[479,498,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">fs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51EC3A8B6FE687B2A" attach="left" box="[497,505,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51EC3A8B6FE687B2A" box="[497,505,1524,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">5</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
anterolaterally almost at epistome;
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51CAFA8A4FC2178D6" box="[925,944,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">fs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51C82A8B6FC297B2A" attach="left" box="[944,952,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51C82A8B6FC297B2A" box="[944,952,1524,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">3</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
short,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B3EA8A4FB8E78D6" box="[1036,1055,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">fs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51B2DA8B6FBB67B2A" attach="left" box="[1055,1063,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B2DA8B6FBB67B2A" box="[1055,1063,1524,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">4</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B57A8A4FBE978D6" box="[1125,1144,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">fs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51B45A8B6FBEE7B2A" attach="left" box="[1143,1151,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B45A8B6FBEE7B2A" box="[1143,1151,1524,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">5</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
very long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51A3EA8A7FAC578D6" box="[1292,1364,1509,1534]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A5FA8A4FA0578D5" box="[1389,1428,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Les</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51AA6A8B6FA0D7B2A" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51AA6A8B6FA0D7B2A" box="[1428,1436,1524,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
absent,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FDCAB4EFE9C7B0D" box="[238,269,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">les</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51E3FAB59FE847B01" attach="left" box="[269,277,1563,1577]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E3FAB59FE847B01" box="[269,277,1563,1577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">2</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
as long as half of
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51EDEAB4EFD807B0D" box="[492,529,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51D23AB59FD887B01" attach="left" box="[529,537,1563,1577]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D23AB59FD887B01" box="[529,537,1563,1577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">3</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
length. Both
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D84AB4FFD4B7B0C" box="[694,730,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">ves</emphasis>
|
||
very short to short. Epicranial area with 1 sensillum (close to
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FA5AB71FF2D7B64" box="[151,188,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">des</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51F8EAB00FF557B78" attach="left" box="[188,196,1602,1616]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51F8EAB00FF557B78" box="[188,196,1602,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
) and 4 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E5FAB76FE037B63" box="[365,402,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">pes</emphasis>
|
||
in line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB51FF5AB19FCF37BBE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1249,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FF5AB19FEA07B5A" box="[199,305,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
bearing one relatively elongate, conical sensorium; and basal membranous article with three coneshaped sensilla equal in length, and 1 minute sensillum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51C3DAB3FFCC27BBE" box="[783,851,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB51FF5ABE0FE6C7A20" blockId="2.[151,1437,1249,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FF5ABE0FEB07B93" box="[199,289,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51E03ABE0FEE57B92" box="[305,372,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 2.9 times as wide as long; with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51C99ABE0FC5B7B93" box="[939,970,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">cls</emphasis>
|
||
of short size, almost equal in length,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A47ABE0FA057B93" box="[1397,1428,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">cls</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51AA6ABF2FA0D7B96" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1712,1726]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51AA6ABF2FA0D7B96" box="[1428,1436,1712,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
located postero-medially, and
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51ECBAB8AFD897BC9" box="[505,536,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">cls</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51D2AAB95FDB17BCD" attach="left" box="[536,544,1751,1765]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D2AAB95FDB17BCD" box="[536,544,1751,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">2</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
more laterally, and 1 sensillum between both
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B62AB8AFBFE7BC9" box="[1104,1135,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">cls</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin slightly, posterior margin clearly arched.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A205FFB41FF5AA51FAF07CA2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1249,2024]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FF5AA51FEC07A04" box="[199,337,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Mouthparts.</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51EF6AA51FD997A04" box="[452,520,1811,1836]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 2.8 times as wide as long; with three piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51BEBAA51FA917A04" box="[1241,1280,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">lms</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A22AA51FAA67A04" box="[1296,1335,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">lms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51A05AA60FAAE7A18" attach="left" box="[1335,1343,1826,1840]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A05AA60FAAE7A18" box="[1335,1343,1826,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
slightly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E11AA78FEDB7A7B" box="[291,330,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">lms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51E78AA0BFEC37A7F" attach="left" box="[330,338,1865,1879]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E78AA0BFEC37A7F" box="[330,338,1865,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">2</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E51AA78FE1B7A7B" box="[355,394,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">lms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51EB8AA0BFE037A7F" attach="left" box="[394,402,1865,1879]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51EB8AA0BFE037A7F" box="[394,402,1865,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">3</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
moderately shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D85AA78FD4F7A7B" box="[695,734,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">lms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51DECAA0BFD777A7F" attach="left" box="[734,742,1865,1879]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51DECAA0BFD777A7F" box="[734,742,1865,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">2</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51DC5AA78FC8F7A7B" box="[759,798,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">lms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51C2CAA0BFCB77A7F" attach="left" box="[798,806,1865,1879]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51C2CAA0BFCB77A7F" box="[798,806,1865,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">3</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
approximately as long as half of length
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A36AA78FABA7A7B" box="[1284,1323,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">lms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51A19AA0BFAA27A7F" attach="left" box="[1323,1331,1865,1879]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A19AA0BFAA27A7F" box="[1323,1331,1865,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
; anterior margin medially slightly bulged, paramedially indistinctly sinuose. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51B74AA23FB1F7A51" box="[1094,1166,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 medium sized piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51FCFAAC7FE8F7AB6" box="[253,286,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">als</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E02AAC7FEC07AB6" box="[304,337,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">als</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51E63AAD6FEC87A8A" attach="left" box="[337,345,1940,1954]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E63AAD6FEC87A8A" box="[337,345,1940,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
slightly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D62AAC7FDE17AB6" box="[592,624,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">als</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51D43AAD6FDE87A8A" attach="right" box="[625,633,1940,1954]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51D43AAD6FDE87A8A" box="[625,633,1940,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">2</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
; with 3 equally long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51C4EAAC4FC387AB5" box="[892,937,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">ams</emphasis>
|
||
as long as half of
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51BBCAAC7FB3F7AB6" box="[1166,1198,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">als</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A205FFB51B9DAAD6FB267A8A" attach="left" box="[1199,1207,1940,1954]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B9DAAD6FB267A8A" box="[1199,1207,1940,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
length; with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51A42AAC4FA0D7AB5" box="[1392,1436,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">mes</emphasis>
|
||
moderately longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51E99AAEFFE497AEC" box="[427,472,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">ams</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods relatively short, slightly unevenly shaped, elongate, divergent anteriad. Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A205FFB51E28AA8DFEF77AC0" box="[282,358,1999,2024]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) bifid; cutting edge with blunt tooth; bearing 2 piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A205FFB51B05AA8DFBF57AC0" box="[1079,1124,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="170">mds</emphasis>
|
||
of medium size, aligned longitudinally. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41E97ADD5FE677D98" box="[421,502,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) stipes with 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41DE2ADDBFD6D7D98" box="[720,764,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">stps</emphasis>
|
||
and 2 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41C4FADDAFC0F7D98" box="[893,926,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
, equal in length, minute
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B81ADD5FB717D98" box="[1203,1248,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1 sensillum close to
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FCCADFEFEBA7DFD" box="[254,299,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
; mala with 5 medium sized finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41C3BADFEFCA77DFD" box="[777,822,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">dms</emphasis>
|
||
; 4
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41C56ADFFFC017DFC" box="[868,912,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, unequal in length, two very short to short. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41D86ADA3FD7F7DD0" box="[692,750,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">mxps</emphasis>
|
||
and 2 sensilla; distal palpomeres with a medium, cuticular apical processes; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:1.2. Prelabium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41B37AC46FBC77C34" box="[1029,1110,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41A27AC47FADC7C34" box="[1301,1357,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; ligula with 1 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41E0FAC65FEF47C68" box="[317,357,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite narrow, ring-shaped. Labial palpi with only 1 palpomere; with 1 sensillum, and with a medium, cuticular apical processes. Postlabium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41C07AC0EFC177C4C" box="[821,902,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1819,1842]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,277,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,267,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–10. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva: 5—head, dorsal view; 6—right mandible; 7—antenna; 8—labrum and clypeus; 9—epipharynx. 10—maxillolabial complex, right maxilla, ventral view. (at—antenna, lr—labral rods, st—stemmata. Setae: als—anteriolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal epicranial, les—lateral epicranial, ligs—ligular, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mbs—basioventral, mes—median, mpxs—maxillary palps, pes—posterio-epicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postmental, prms—premental, stps—stipital, vms—ventral malar). Scales bars: 0.5 mm (5), 0.2 mm (6, 8–10), and 0.05 mm (7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599169/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) with long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B35AC0FFBA57C4C" box="[1031,1076,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A204FFB41B06AC19FBAD7C41" attach="left" box="[1076,1084,347,361]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B06AC19FBAD7C41" box="[1076,1084,347,361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">1</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
located basally, very long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41A55AC0FFA057C4C" box="[1383,1428,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A204FFB41AA6AC19FA0D7C41" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,347,361]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41AA6AC19FA0D7C41" box="[1428,1436,347,361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">2</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
located medially, and long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41EF7AC36FE637CA3" box="[453,498,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pms</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="6A2234C6A204FFB41EC0ACC3FE6B7CA7" attach="left" box="[498,506,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41EC0ACC3FE6B7CA7" box="[498,506,385,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">3</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
located apically; membranous area basolaterally sparsely and finely asperate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB41FF5ACDBFDEB7F4D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FF5ACDBFE8E7C9A" box="[199,287,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax smaller than meso- and metathorax. Spiracle bicameral, placed between the pro- and mesothorax (see e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92374B72A204FFB41EAAACFFFD0E7CFE" author="Skuhrovec, J. & Gosik, R. & Caldara, R. & Kostal, M." box="[408,671,445,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" pagination="151 - 187" refId="ref5441" refString="Skuhrovec, J., Gosik, R., Caldara, R. & Kostal, M. (2015) Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Sibinia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with suggestions on their potential value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus. Zootaxa, 3955 (2), 151 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3955.2.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Skuhrovec
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41D29ACFCFDC67CFE" box="[539,599,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41C05ACFFFC1A7CFE" box="[823,907,445,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,972,995]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,235,912]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,223,931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, 11—lateral view of thoracic segments; 12—lateral view of first abdominal segment; 13—lateral view of abdominal segments VII—X (AbI—X—numbers of abdominal segment, ThI—IIInumbers of thoracic segments. Setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599171/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) with nine
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B2AACFCFBDB7CFD" box="[1048,1098,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">prns</emphasis>
|
||
(seven very long located on weakly pigmented dorsal sclerite, and 2 very short (one sometimes absent) located below); 2 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41BC8ACA0FA827CD1" box="[1274,1299,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FA5AF44FF2D7F35" box="[151,188,518,541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41EEFAF47FDBF7F36" box="[477,558,517,542]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,972,995]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,235,912]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,223,931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, 11—lateral view of thoracic segments; 12—lateral view of first abdominal segment; 13—lateral view of abdominal segments VII—X (AbI—X—numbers of abdominal segment, ThI—IIInumbers of thoracic segments. Setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599171/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 long and 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41CBDAF44FC227F35" box="[911,947,518,541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">prs</emphasis>
|
||
, sometimes absent; 2 long and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41A47AF47FA0D7F36" box="[1397,1436,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pds</emphasis>
|
||
(order: long, short, long); 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41D21AF68FDBD7F69" box="[531,556,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">as</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41DA3AF68FD367F69" box="[657,679,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41C34AF68FCBA7F69" box="[774,811,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41CB9AF68FC357F69" box="[907,932,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B01AF68FBC97F69" box="[1075,1112,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments with 3 long and 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41D7BAF0FFDE27F4E" box="[585,627,589,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB41FF5AF33FF217EE5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FF5AF33FEA07FA2" box="[199,305,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segments I–II slightly smaller than others, abdominal segments III–VI almost of equal length; following abdominal segments decreasing gradually to terminal part of body. Abdominal segment X reduced to four anal lobes of unequal size, lateral lobes being distinctly largest, dorsal and the ventral lobes being very small. Anus located terminally. Eight spiracles, unicameral, all spiracles functional, close to anterior margin. Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41EECAE43FDF17E32" box="[478,608,769,794]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,972,995]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,235,912]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,223,931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, 11—lateral view of thoracic segments; 12—lateral view of first abdominal segment; 13—lateral view of abdominal segments VII—X (AbI—X—numbers of abdominal segment, ThI—IIInumbers of thoracic segments. Setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599171/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41DCFAE40FCB17E31" box="[765,800,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long and 2 medium sized
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B41AE43FB0B7E32" box="[1139,1178,769,794]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pds</emphasis>
|
||
(order: medium, long, medium); 2 medium sized
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41EFDAE64FE747E15" box="[463,485,806,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long and 1 medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41DC8AE64FC8E7E15" box="[762,799,806,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long and 1 medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B06AE64FBDD7E15" box="[1076,1100,806,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B81AE67FB497E16" box="[1203,1240,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41A5DAE64FA057E15" box="[1391,1428,806,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41EF3AE0BFD837E4A" box="[449,530,841,866]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,972,995]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,235,912]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,223,931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, 11—lateral view of thoracic segments; 12—lateral view of first abdominal segment; 13—lateral view of abdominal segments VII—X (AbI—X—numbers of abdominal segment, ThI—IIInumbers of thoracic segments. Setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599171/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) without
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41D4CAE08FD307E49" box="[638,673,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 short and 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41CB6AE0BFC3A7E4A" box="[900,939,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pds</emphasis>
|
||
(order: short, long); 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41BD9AE08FA907E49" box="[1259,1281,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long and 1 medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FC8AE2CFE8E7EAD" box="[250,287,878,901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long and 1 medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41D11AE2CFDAD7EAD" box="[547,572,878,901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41DABAE2FFD2F7EAE" box="[665,702,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41C78AE2CFCFE7EAD" box="[842,879,878,901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41BA6AE2FFB747EAE" box="[1172,1253,877,902]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,972,995]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,235,912]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,223,931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, 11—lateral view of thoracic segments; 12—lateral view of first abdominal segment; 13—lateral view of abdominal segments VII—X (AbI—X—numbers of abdominal segment, ThI—IIInumbers of thoracic segments. Setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599171/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41A49AE2FFA057EAE" box="[1403,1428,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 long and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41E55AED0FEEE7E81" box="[359,383,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41D07AED0FDC37E81" box="[565,594,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41C5EAED3FC2D7E82" box="[876,956,913,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,972,995]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,235,912]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,223,931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Tychius subsulcatus mature larva, habitus, 11—lateral view of thoracic segments; 12—lateral view of first abdominal segment; 13—lateral view of abdominal segments VII—X (AbI—X—numbers of abdominal segment, ThI—IIInumbers of thoracic segments. Setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599171/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) on lateral lobes with 1 short and 1 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FA5AEF4FF3B7EE5" box="[151,170,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB41FF5AE9BFE7A793E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FF5AE9BFE9C7EDA" bold="true" box="[199,269,985,1010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41E21AE98FE247ED9" box="[275,437,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm). Body length: 3.00–4.05 (mean 3.46). Body width: 1.30–1.84 (mean 1.59). Head width: 0.45–0.68 (mean 0.55).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB41FF5A963FDBE7912" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,559,1057,1082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FF5A963FEDB7912" box="[199,330,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Body bright yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB41FF5A907FE17783A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FF5A907FEC17976" box="[199,336,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
. Body moderately stout (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41D47A907FD6B7976" box="[629,762,1093,1118]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,326,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,326,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14–16. Tychius subsulcatus pupa habitus: 14—ventral view; 15—dorsal view; 16—lateral view (AbI, VII—Xnumbers of abdominal segments, ThI—III—numbers of thoracic segments, ur—urogomphi. Setae: as—apical, d—dorsal, ds— discal, fes—femoral, l—lateral (abdomen), ls—lateral (pronotum), os—orbital, pas—postantennal, pls—posterolateral, rs— rostral, sos—superorbital, vs—vertical). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum medium long, approximately 4 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Antennae elongate. Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long. Mesonotum distinctly shorter than metanotum. Abdominal segments I–V of equal length; segments VI and VII diminish gradually; segment VIII almost semicircular; segment IX distinctly reduced. Spiracles on abdominal segments placed dorsolaterally: on segments I–V functional, and on segment VI atrophic, on next ones invisible. Urogomphi (ur) slender and short, conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41FC5A9BBFEEB783A" box="[247,378,1273,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,326,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,326,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14–16. Tychius subsulcatus pupa habitus: 14—ventral view; 15—dorsal view; 16—lateral view (AbI, VII—Xnumbers of abdominal segments, ThI—III—numbers of thoracic segments, ur—urogomphi. Setae: as—apical, d—dorsal, ds— discal, fes—femoral, l—lateral (abdomen), ls—lateral (pronotum), os—orbital, pas—postantennal, pls—posterolateral, rs— rostral, sos—superorbital, vs—vertical). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB41FF5A85FFAEC7856" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Identification of the sex of pupae was very difficult in the studied species. The differences in size of body between males and females were very similar. The shape of the gonothecae was typical of the pupae of weevils (bilobed in females and undivided in males; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92374B72A204FFB41D86A827FC1D7856" author="Stejskal, R. & Trnka, F. & Skuhrovec, J." box="[692,908,1381,1406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" pagination="337 - 354" refId="ref5604" refString="Stejskal, R., Trnka, F. & Skuhrovec, J. (2014) Biology and morphology of immature stages of Coniocleonus nigrosuturatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 54 (1), 337 - 354." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Stejskal
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41C21A825FCDD7856" box="[787,844,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but was weakly visible in some specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB41FF5A8CBFF7A7BEA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FF5A8CBFED4788A" box="[199,325,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
||
. Setae distinct, medium sized to short, very thin, piliform, unequal in length, reddish-brown, on head and pronotum anchored on top of small protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B6AA8ECFBFE78ED" box="[1112,1135,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41BA3A8ECFB2478ED" box="[1169,1205,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">sos</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41BE5A8ECFB6178ED" box="[1239,1264,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">os</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41A72A8ECFAF678ED" box="[1344,1383,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pas</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41A47A8ECFA0A78ED" box="[1397,1435,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pas</emphasis>
|
||
relatively close to anterior margin of eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41D4BA893FD6F78C2" box="[633,766,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,326,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,326,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14–16. Tychius subsulcatus pupa habitus: 14—ventral view; 15—dorsal view; 16—lateral view (AbI, VII—Xnumbers of abdominal segments, ThI—III—numbers of thoracic segments, ur—urogomphi. Setae: as—apical, d—dorsal, ds— discal, fes—femoral, l—lateral (abdomen), ls—lateral (pronotum), os—orbital, pas—postantennal, pls—posterolateral, rs— rostral, sos—superorbital, vs—vertical). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum with 1 paramedially located
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41BF0A890FB4978C1" box="[1218,1240,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">rs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41BD5A890FA9278C1" box="[1255,1283,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Vs</emphasis>
|
||
almost twice longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41E2EA8B4FED17B25" box="[284,320,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">sos</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41E7CA8B4FEF67B25" box="[334,359,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">os</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41E46A8B4FE0A7B25" box="[372,411,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pas</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41EEBA8B4FE7E7B25" box="[473,495,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">rs</emphasis>
|
||
, as long as setae on pronotum. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B22A8B4FBB97B25" box="[1040,1064,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B7EA8B7FBCE7B26" box="[1100,1119,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41BB0A8B7FB0B7B26" box="[1154,1178,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41BDEA8B7FA9D7B26" box="[1260,1292,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">pls</emphasis>
|
||
; all pronotal setae almost equal in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41EE8AB5BFDCC7B1A" box="[474,605,1561,1586]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,326,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,326,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14–16. Tychius subsulcatus pupa habitus: 14—ventral view; 15—dorsal view; 16—lateral view (AbI, VII—Xnumbers of abdominal segments, ThI—III—numbers of thoracic segments, ur—urogomphi. Setae: as—apical, d—dorsal, ds— discal, fes—femoral, l—lateral (abdomen), ls—lateral (pronotum), os—orbital, pas—postantennal, pls—posterolateral, rs— rostral, sos—superorbital, vs—vertical). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each of dorsal part of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. All femora with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41F9EAB7CFF5A7B7E" box="[172,203,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">fes</emphasis>
|
||
on apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41E09AB7FFE2E7B7E" box="[315,447,1597,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,326,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,326,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14–16. Tychius subsulcatus pupa habitus: 14—ventral view; 15—dorsal view; 16—lateral view (AbI, VII—Xnumbers of abdominal segments, ThI—III—numbers of thoracic segments, ur—urogomphi. Setae: as—apical, d—dorsal, ds— discal, fes—femoral, l—lateral (abdomen), ls—lateral (pronotum), os—orbital, pas—postantennal, pls—posterolateral, rs— rostral, sos—superorbital, vs—vertical). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII arranged in one dorsal and one lateral row; setae on abdominal segments I–IV anchored on tiny, indistinct protuberances, setae on segments V–VII on small, conical protuberances (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41E75ABC7FE5F7BB6" box="[327,462,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,326,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,326,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14–16. Tychius subsulcatus pupa habitus: 14—ventral view; 15—dorsal view; 16—lateral view (AbI, VII—Xnumbers of abdominal segments, ThI—III—numbers of thoracic segments, ur—urogomphi. Setae: as—apical, d—dorsal, ds— discal, fes—femoral, l—lateral (abdomen), ls—lateral (pronotum), os—orbital, pas—postantennal, pls—posterolateral, rs— rostral, sos—superorbital, vs—vertical). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral parts of segments I–IX without setae. Urogomphi small, slightly medially curved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB41FF5AB8FFDB57AB2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FF5AB8FFE727BCE" bold="true" box="[199,483,1741,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
Large plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31A64D00A204FFB41DAEAB8FFC0B7BCE" box="[668,922,1741,1766]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41DAEAB8FFC0B7BCE" box="[668,922,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Astragalus onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the visited locality had almost half of their pods infested by larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31A64D00A204FFB41E8DABB0FDCF7A22" authorityName="Tournier" authorityYear="1847" box="[447,606,1777,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41E8DABB0FDCF7A22" box="[447,606,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">T. subsulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially large pods. Dozens of larvae emerged through relatively small holes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41FD5AA57FEBD7A06" box="[231,300,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,1118,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[150,1436,1118,1706]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Biology of Tychius subsulcatus: 1—emergence hole of larva in a pod of Astragalus onobrychis; 2—intact pupal cell strengthened by sand grains; 3—open pupal cells with pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599165/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) after four days of incubation and for several days later. Coarse pupal cells were considerably strengthened by sand grains (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9D2A06A204FFB41EDAAA7BFDC07A7A" box="[488,593,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,1118,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[150,1436,1118,1706]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Biology of Tychius subsulcatus: 1—emergence hole of larva in a pod of Astragalus onobrychis; 2—intact pupal cell strengthened by sand grains; 3—open pupal cells with pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599165/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pupation followed in 7–10 days after the larvae burrowed into the soil. Duration of the pupal stage at a stable temperature was on average 14 days and could be shortened to 10 days by wetting the soil in some containers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEBC6508A204FFB31FF5AAE7FD987DFD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F6193683A204FFB31FF5AAE7FD987DFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41FF5AAE7FEAA7A96" bold="true" box="[199,315,1957,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92374B72A204FFB41E77AAE7FE607A96" author="Caldara, R." box="[325,497,1957,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref4497" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle species paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the revision of Palaearctic species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31A64D00A204FFB41B74AAE7FB0A7A96" authorityName="Báborská & Skuhrovec & Košťál" authorityYear="2019" box="[1094,1179,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41B74AAE7FB0A7A96" box="[1094,1179,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">Tychius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based exclusively on adult morphological characters, included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31A64D00A204FFB41D5EAA89FC9A7ACA" authorityName="Tournier" authorityYear="1847" box="[620,779,1993,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41D5EAA89FC9A7ACA" box="[620,779,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">T. subsulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the speciose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31A64D00A204FFB41CF0AA89FB547ACA" authority="Faust, 1889" authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1889" box="[962,1221,1994,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intrusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D2EA91A204FFB41CF0AA89FBAB7ACA" box="[962,1082,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="171">T. intrusus</emphasis>
|
||
Faust, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Imagoes of this group are characterized by broad scales on elytral interstriae “often arranged in double rows with single median rows of seta-like scales”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |