1726 lines
127 KiB
XML
1726 lines
127 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225257" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-97-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239255" ModsDocID="1314-2003-97-1" checkinTime="1524638383340" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. & Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2018" docId="0A53FBD662DC50C0A1A95DD171C09C7E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 97: 1-252" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 97" docPubDate="2018-04-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" docTitle="Xylopia aethiopica A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 [" 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1643467003316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">namurray@owu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2018-04-24</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>97</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
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<mods:end>252</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:url>
|
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</mods:location>
|
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-97-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1239255</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225257" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A53FBD662DC50C0A1A95DD171C09C7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A53FBD662DC50C0A1A95DD171C09C7E" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="60" pageNumber="61" start="start">8</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="0A53FBD6-62DC-50C0-A1A9-5DD171C09C7E" authority="(Dunal) A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 [" 1845 "]." authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1845”">"1845"</normalizedToken>
|
||
].
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Plate of Piper AEthiopicum from Matthioli (1565), the earliest known illustration of Xylopia aethiopica." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199087" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Flowers of representative Xylopia species. A Flower from type collection of Xylopia globosa from Gabon B Xylopia tenuipetala from Mozambique C Xylopia quintasii from Gabon D Xylopia aethiopica from Gabon E Xylopia longipetala from Mali, representing a record for the country not otherwise documented F Xylopia piratae from Ivory Coast G Xylopia odoratissima from Zambia H Xylopia arenaria from Tanzania I Xylopia collina from Tanzania. A, D by Thomas L. P. Couvreur B by Frances Chase C by Ehoarn Bidault E by Philip Birnbaum F by Celine Pirat G by Warren McClelland H and I by D. M. Johnson." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199088" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">, 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits and seeds of representative Xylopia species. A Xylopia staudtii from Democratic Republic of the Congo B Xylopia aethiopica from Republic of the Congo C Xylopia quintasii from Cameroon D Xylopia tenuipetala from Mozambique E Xylopia collina from Mozambique F Xylopia gracilipes from Mozambique G Xylopia hypolampra from Gabon H Xylopia tanganyikensis from Tanzania. A by Quentin Luke B by David Harris C, G by Thomas L. P. Couvreur D by Jonathan Timberlake E, F by Mervyn Loetter H by Noriko Itoh. C reproduced with permission of Thomas L. P. Couvreur and of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists D reproduced with the permission of Jonathan Timberlake and of the Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199089" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">, 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Xylopia aethiopica. A Outer petal, adaxial view B Inner petal, adaxial view C Seed, side view D Seed, view of micropylar end E Flower with petals and most stamens removed to show gynoecium, inner staminodes, staminal cone, two outer staminodes, and sepals F Staminal cone G Fruit. H, I Stamens, abaxial view J Leaves K Flower, side view. A, B, E, H, I from McPherson 15168 (MO) C, D from Wilks WIL 922 (WAG) F, G, K from Wieringa et al. 3031 (WAG), J from Nkongmeneck 399 (P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199101" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Unona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Unona aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="start">Unona</pageBreakToken>
|
||
aethiopica
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dunal, Monogr. Anonac. 113-114. Aug-Nov 1817.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvaria aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">Uvaria aethiopica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dunal) A. Richard, Fl. Senegamb. Tent. 1: 9. 1831.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1927" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Anona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anona aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">Anona aethiopica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dunal) Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 737. 1841.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopicrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopicrum aethiopicum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopicum">Xylopicrum aethiopicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8. 1891. Type. SIERRA LEONE. Without definite locality, s. d.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">H. Smeathman s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype, designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B176" refString="Verdcourt, B, 1971b. Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" title="Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds) Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1971 b">Verdcourt (1971b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 77): G!, secondary lectotype, designated here: G-DC! [00201441 on 2 sheets]; isolectotypes: BM! [000510763, branch on right-hand side of sheet]], FI-W! [005603]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engler" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia eminii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eminii">Xylopia eminii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179. 1895. Type. UGANDA. Western Province, Bugoma, Ins. Ssese [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Sesse”">"Sesse"</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 15 Dec 1890,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">F. L. Stuhlmann 1233</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: B! [100153132]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Wildeman" authorityYear="1903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia dekeyzeriana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dekeyzeriana">Xylopia dekeyzeriana</taxonomicName>
|
||
De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
|
||
. 5, Bot. 1: 43 + t. 19. 1903. Type. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO ["Belgian Congo"]. Kongo Central Province, Sanda, 1902,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">M. L. van Houtte in J. Gillet 2258</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype, here designated: BR!; isolectotypes: BR! [8824257, 8824264]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Wildeman" authorityYear="1903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gilletii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilletii">Xylopia gilletii</taxonomicName>
|
||
De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
|
||
. 5, Bot. 1: 42. 1903. Type. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO ["Belgian Congo"]. Kongo Central Province, Inkisi-Kisantu [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Kisantu”">"Kisantu"</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 1899,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">J. Gillet 207</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: BR!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Tree</emphasis>
|
||
up to 46 m tall, commonly 15-30 m, d.b.h. 30-58 cm, bole slender, base of trunk with plank buttresses 0.5-3 m high extending 0.9 m from trunk, forming a relatively small dense crown; bark gray with shallow longitudinal fissures.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Twigs</emphasis>
|
||
brown to dark gray, glabrous or sparsely and finely pubescent, the hairs 0.1-0.4 mm long, but soon blackish gray, glabrate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Leaf</emphasis>
|
||
with larger blades 7.3-16.3 cm long, 2.1-6.6 cm wide, subcoriaceous, slightly discolorous, shiny adaxially and dull and often paler abaxially, lanceolate-ovate to elliptic, occasionally oblong, narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, or rarely ovate, apex acuminate, the acumen 6-20 mm long and sometimes falcate, rarely obtuse, base cuneate to broadly cuneate and short-decurrent on the petiole, glabrous adaxially, finely appressed-pubescent to glabrate abaxially; midrib raised or plane at the base but becoming plane to impressed toward the leaf apex adaxially, often drying dark red toward the base, raised abaxially, secondary veins indistinctly and irregularly brochidodromous, 9-13 per side, diverging at (35-) 45-60° from the midrib, somewhat arcuate, these and higher-order veins slightly raised on both surfaces, sometimes forming a visible reticulum abaxially; petiole 4-9 mm long, somewhat flattened or shallowly canaliculate, transversely wrinkled, sparsely pubescent to glabrate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves, 1-5 (-7)-flowered, pedunculate, appressed-pubescent; peduncle 1.5-2.8 (-4) mm long; pedicels 2-4 per peduncle, 4.5-15 mm long, 0.8-1.4 mm thick; bracts 1-2, typically one to either side of pedicel midpoint, caducous, 1.7-2.4 mm long, 2.5-2.9 mm wide, quadrate, semicircular, or ovate, often splitting down the middle, apex
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">obtuse</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, rounded, or truncate; buds linear-oblong, rarely oblong, apex obtuse to acute, often curved.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Sepals</emphasis>
|
||
erect to slightly spreading at anthesis, 1/4-2/3-connate, 2.2-4.1 mm long, (3.2-) 4.4-6 mm wide, coriaceous, semicircular to broadly triangular, apex acute to rounded, sparsely pubescent to glabrate abaxially.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
greenish white to yellow, the inner petals sometimes with a tinge of purple at the base
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
; outer petals spreading but with the apices incurved at anthesis, (11.6-20.9) 28-64 mm
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 3.8-6 mm wide at base, 2.7-3.7 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous, linear, apex obtuse, longitudinally concave adaxially up to ca. 5 mm from apex, glabrous at base but otherwise densely puberulent adaxially, appressed-pubescent abaxially; inner petals spreading but with the apices incurved at anthesis, (18.7-19.5) 33-51 mm long, 3.6-5.0 mm wide at base, 0.8-2.0 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous, linear, apex acute, base with undifferentiated margin, densely puberulent adaxially, the hairs becoming sparser toward base, but then densely pubescent within the basal concavity and glabrous again at very base, puberulent except at base abaxially.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
140-300; fertile stamens 1.2-1.7 mm long, oblong, apex of connective 0.2-0.5 mm high, dome-shaped, bluntly conical, or somewhat flattened, overhanging anther thecae, pubescent to glabrous, anthers 6-10-locellate, filament 0.3-0.5 mm long; outer staminodes 1.4-1.7 mm long, oblong, apex acute to truncate; inner staminodes 1.1-1.5 mm long, narrowly oblong, apex rounded; staminal cone (2.2-2.4) 2.9-4.0 mm in diameter, 1.1-1.5 mm high, completely concealing the ovaries, rim even.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Carpels</emphasis>
|
||
(11-14) 45-50; ovaries 1.4-2 mm long, narrowly oblong, densely pubescent; stigmas connivent, 3.5-4.7 mm long, linear, warty, glabrous to pubescent.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Torus</emphasis>
|
||
concave beneath the ovaries but otherwise flat, 2.6-4.6 mm in diameter.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fruit</emphasis>
|
||
of up to 36 glabrate monocarps borne on a pedicel 10-18 mm long, 2-6 mm thick, glabrate; torus 7-20 mm in diameter, 4-10 mm high, depressed-globose.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Monocarps</emphasis>
|
||
with a green exterior and a pink to pale red endocarp
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, 3.2-8.2 cm long, 0.3-0.8 cm wide and thick, linear-cylindrical to narrowly oblong, weakly torulose, apex formed into a blunt beak 1.5-3.5 mm long, base slightly narrowed or contracted into a discernible stipe (1.5-) 3-8 mm long and 1.7-3.5 mm thick, strongly and obliquely wrinkled, verrucose; pericarp 0.5-0.8 mm thick.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
4-12 per monocarp, in a single row, lying oblique to nearly parallel to long axis, 5.0-6.0 mm long, 3.4-3.7 mm wide, 2.5-3.1 mm thick, ellipsoid, elliptic to nearly circular in cross-section, obliquely truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, dark brown to black, smooth, shiny, raphe/antiraphe slightly raised, micropylar scar minute; sarcotesta absent; aril pale yellow to orange
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, white to dull yellow when dried, bilobed, the lobes 1.5-1.9 mm long, 1.9-2.8 mm wide, fleshy, smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239297" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199101" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A</emphasis>
|
||
Outer petal, adaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">B</emphasis>
|
||
Inner petal, adaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
Seed, side view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">D</emphasis>
|
||
Seed, view of micropylar end
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">E</emphasis>
|
||
Flower with petals and most stamens removed to show gynoecium, inner staminodes, staminal cone, two outer staminodes, and sepals
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">F</emphasis>
|
||
Staminal cone
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">G</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">H, I</emphasis>
|
||
Stamens, abaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">J</emphasis>
|
||
Leaves
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">K</emphasis>
|
||
Flower, side view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A, B, E, H, I</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">McPherson 15168</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Wilks WIL 922</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">F, G, K</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Wieringa et al. 3031</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">J</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Nkongmeneck 399</emphasis>
|
||
(P).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Phenology varies with geography. From Senegal to Nigeria, specimens with flowers have been collected from March to December and with fruits from all months of the year except September and November. From central Africa, specimens with flowers have been collected in all months of the year except May, and with fruits from every month of the year. From the eastern and southern parts of the range, specimens with flowers have been collected in March, May, and from September to December, and with fruits in March and from June to January.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Xylopia aethiopica. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199102" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the widest distribution of any African species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Xylopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurring in moist forests from Senegal eastward to southwestern Ethiopia and then south to northern Angola, eastern Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. It also occurs on the Gulf of Guinea islands of Bioko and Principe.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows in a wide range of habitats, including primary forest, secondary forest, upland forest, inundated forest, and lower montane forest, from near sea level up to 1600 meters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239299" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199102" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="local names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="64" pageNumber="65" start="start">Local</pageBreakToken>
|
||
names.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Békala">Bekala</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Kelai,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Le Testu 2178</emphasis>
|
||
), luvinda (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Gossweiler 9060</emphasis>
|
||
), dodo (Ivory Coast,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thoiré">Thoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
85
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), eru (Yoruba,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Forestry Department, Benin City 194</emphasis>
|
||
), macua (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Gossweiler 8972</emphasis>
|
||
), mgana (Bayaka,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Le Testu 1877</emphasis>
|
||
), msaou (Chilunda,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Milne-Redhead 2883</emphasis>
|
||
), muengeve (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Harder et al. 2126</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="mughâna">mughana</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Echira, Pounou, Vili ou la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="legounyé">legounye</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Le Testu 2178</emphasis>
|
||
), mwawia (Tanzania,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Johnson & Murray 1944</emphasis>
|
||
), mweya (Kiluba de Kabongo,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schmitz 5764</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="n’cana">n'cana</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Angola,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Gossweiler 7845</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="n’gani">n'gani</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Dioula,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Ambe 186</emphasis>
|
||
), nkana (Havili,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Le Testu 1877</emphasis>
|
||
, Vile eu Loango,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Le Testu 2178</emphasis>
|
||
), nsagalane (Luganda,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Eggeling 1524</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ojă">ojă</normalizedToken>
|
||
,ṅ [name would be approximately rendered
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘oyang”">'oyang"</normalizedToken>
|
||
] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tessmann, G" journalOrPublisher="Fitoterapia" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B162" refString="Tessmann, G, 1913. Die Pangwe: Voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes. Ernst Wasmuth A.-G., Berlin, 275 [Vol. 1], 402 [Vol. 2]." title="Die Pangwe: Voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes. Ernst Wasmuth A. - G., Berlin, 275 [Vol. 1], 402 [Vol. 2]." year="1913">Tessmann 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), oyang (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Carvalho 4751</emphasis>
|
||
), oukalla (Pahouin,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fleury 26582</emphasis>
|
||
), ogana (Gallois,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fleury 26582</emphasis>
|
||
), okala (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Wilks 922</emphasis>
|
||
, Pahouin,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Le Testu 2178</emphasis>
|
||
), pedjericou (Fon,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Laffitte 92</emphasis>
|
||
), sange (Angola,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Welwitsch 765</emphasis>
|
||
), sengi (Aka,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Carroll 1077</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ughâ">ugha</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="oghâ">ogha</normalizedToken>
|
||
?) (Itsogho, Viya,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Le Testu 2178</emphasis>
|
||
), unien (Benin,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Forestry Department, Benin City 194</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904659" author="Johnson, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B89" refString="Johnson, EJ, Johnson, TJ, 1974. Economic plants in a rural Nigerian market. Economic Botany 30: 375 - 381, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904659" title="Economic plants in a rural Nigerian market." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904659" volume="30" year="1974">Johnson and Johnson 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additional names reported in the research literature for this species include hwentea (Ghana, Aburi and Kondonuru Regions,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Agbovie, T" journalOrPublisher="UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="B4" refString="Agbovie, T, Amponsah, K, Crentsil, O'R, Dennis, F, Odamtten, GT, Ofusohene-Djan, W [F. Dennis Ed.], 2002. Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants in Ghana: ethnobotanical survey. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge" title="Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants in Ghana: ethnobotanical survey." year="2002">Agbovie et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or its variant hwentia (Ghana,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2003.07.001" author="Konning, G" journalOrPublisher="Fitoterapia" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" pagination="65 - 67" refId="B98" refString="Konning, G, Agyare, C, Ennison, B, 2004. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from Ghana. Fitoterapia 75: 65 - 67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2003.07.001" title="Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from Ghana." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2003.07.001" volume="75" year="2004">Konning et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780443737" author="Abbiw, D" journalOrPublisher="Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., London" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="B1" refString="Abbiw, D, 1990. Useful plants of Ghana: West African uses of wild and cultivated plants. Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780443737" title="Useful plants of Ghana: West African uses of wild and cultivated plants." url="https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780443737" year="1990">Abbiw 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; a Twi name meaning "slender nose," referring to the shape of the fruits, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burkill, HM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="B25" refString="Burkill, HM, 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" title="The useful plants of west tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1." year="1985">Burkill 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), kimba (Nigeria,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008028523118" author="Barminas, J" journalOrPublisher="Plant Foods for Human Nutrition" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="193 - 198" refId="B14" refString="Barminas, J, James, M, Abubakar, U, 1999. Chemical composition of seeds and oil of Xylopia aethiopica grown in Nigeria. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 53: 193 - 198, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008028523118" title="Chemical composition of seeds and oil of Xylopia aethiopica grown in Nigeria." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008028523118" volume="53" year="1999">Barminas et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abubakar, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ethnopharmacology" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="625 - 629" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.011" refId="B2" refString="Abubakar, M, Musa, A, Ahmed, A, Hussaini, I, 2007. The perception and practice of traditional medicine in the treatment of cancers and inflammation by the Hausa and Fulani tribes of northern Nigeria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111: 625 - 629, DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.011" title="The perception and practice of traditional medicine in the treatment of cancers and inflammation by the Hausa and Fulani tribes of northern Nigeria." url="10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.011" volume="111" year="2007">Abubakar et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), mchofu (Tanzania,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="World Agroforestry Centre" journalOrPublisher="Pharoah, Madras" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" publicationUrl="http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/AFTPDFS/Xylopia_aethiopica.pdf" refId="B185" refString="World Agroforestry Centre, 2017. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/AFTPDFS/Xylopia_aethiopica.pdf" url="http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/AFTPDFS/Xylopia_aethiopica.pdf" year="2017">World Agroforestry Centre 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and spais tik (Sierra Leone,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1159894" author="Cline-Cole, RA" journalOrPublisher="Africa" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" pagination="457 - 497" refId="B35" refString="Cline-Cole, RA, 1987. The socio-ecology of firewood and charcoal on the Freetown peninsula. Africa 57 (4): 457 - 497, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1159894" title="The socio-ecology of firewood and charcoal on the Freetown peninsula." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1159894" volume="57" year="1987">Cline-Cole 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additional common names for the species in West Africa are catalogued in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burkill, HM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="B25" refString="Burkill, HM, 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" title="The useful plants of west tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1." year="1985">Burkill (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="representative specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Representative specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">SENEGAL.</emphasis>
|
||
Rufisque, Sangalkam, 29 Jan 1948 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Adam 417</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Presqu’ile">Presqu'ile</normalizedToken>
|
||
du Cap Vert, Sangalkam,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Berhaut 1035</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Niayes,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="65" pageNumber="66" start="start">Dec</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1899 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Chevalier 2545</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P); D. Pierre du Yolofs, 1837 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Heudelot 566</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Senegambie, 1824-1829,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Perrottet 9</emphasis>
|
||
(P); without definite locality,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Perrot[t]et s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); Mboro niaye
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="degradée">degradee</normalizedToken>
|
||
au bord de la route neuve des Niayes, 9 Mar 1965 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Raynal 13562</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">GAMBIA.</emphasis>
|
||
Without definite locality,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Ingram s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
, comm. Whiteley (K-000354675).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">GUINEA BISSAU.</emphasis>
|
||
Bissau, Brene, 31 Jan 1945 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Explorações">Exploracoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botânicas">Botanicas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1717
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(B, K, WAG) [=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">1709</emphasis>
|
||
at B, FI-T, P]; Bissau, Prabis, 22 Feb 1945 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Explorações">Exploracoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botânicas">Botanicas</normalizedToken>
|
||
1809
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, K, P, WAG); Maolina de Cantankez, 11°13'312N, 15°02'503W, 12 m, 14 Nov 1995 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Malaisse & Claes 14911</emphasis>
|
||
(BR); Cacine, 30 Jan 1954,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Orey">d'Orey</normalizedToken>
|
||
264
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">GUINEA.</emphasis>
|
||
Kouria, 22 Sep 1905 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Caille 14771</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Kouria,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bourkonkourí">Bourkonkouri</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 16 Nov 1905 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Caille 14812</emphasis>
|
||
(P); [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Senegambia,”">"Senegambia,"</normalizedToken>
|
||
] Rio Nunez, 1828,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Heudelot s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K-2 sheets, one with date and flowers ex herb. Hook.); environs de Kindia, 1929-1932 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacques-Félix">Jacques-Felix</normalizedToken>
|
||
s. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nzérékoré">Nzerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Nimba Mountains, just N of Camp 1 (Mifergui),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="42.40" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="7.706667">7°42.40' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="23.90" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-8.398334">8°23.90'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 650 m, 1 Dec 2006 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Jongkind et al. 7407</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nzérékoré">Nzerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Nimba Mountains, between Mifergui camp and old camp 2,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="41.93" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="7.6988335">7°41.93'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="23.76" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-8.396">8°23.76'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 750 m, 23 Jun 2007 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Jongkind et al. 7818</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Conakry (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Keay, RWJ" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refId="B92" refString="Keay, RWJ, 1954-1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" title="Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1." year="1954 - 1958">Keay 1954-1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [K sheet says Conokry on one label and Coleah on the other], 21 Oct 1896 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Maclaud 189</emphasis>
|
||
(K-000354678, P); Cungha,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="11.097222">11°05'50"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-15.145833">15°08'45"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, environs Jembezem, 27 Jan 1975 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Malaisse 14705</emphasis>
|
||
(BR);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biudélya">Biudelya</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Apr 1903 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Paroisse 7</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Franceville, Ile
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tristão">Tristao</normalizedToken>
|
||
[near Guinea-Bissau border on coast, 10°55, 14°55],
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Paroisse 54</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Kouroussa, Jan 1903 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pobéguin">Pobeguin</normalizedToken>
|
||
849
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">SIERRA LEONE.</emphasis>
|
||
Without definite locality,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Afzelius s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(BM-same sheet as Smeathman specimen); without definite locality, 1854,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Daniell s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, MO); Mt Loma, 28 Sept 1945,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Jaeger 2018</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Waterloo, 29 June 1914,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lane-Poole 319</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Sierra Leon Boundary Commission, 1891-92,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Scott-Elliot s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">LIBERIA.</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yékepa">Yekepa</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Grassfield, 22 Feb 1965 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Adam 20994</emphasis>
|
||
(MO), 23 May 1970 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Adam 25627</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Sanniquellie, 1 Jun 1973 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Adam 27753</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Grand Bassa Co., Fortsville, 3 Mar 1948 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Baldwin 11141</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Bomi Hills,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Bos 2344</emphasis>
|
||
(K); along Dukwia [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Dukwai”">"Dukwai"</normalizedToken>
|
||
] River (near Firestone Plantations), 1929 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Cooper 174</emphasis>
|
||
(A, K, BM, F, GH, NY, US); Grand Bassa, 27 Aug 1898 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Dinklage 2005</emphasis>
|
||
(A-2 sheets, B, K, MO); 22 mi N of Buchanan, 19 Feb 1970 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Jansen 1874</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Division 33, Firestone plantations 10 mi S of Kakata, Aug 1970 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Jansen 2184</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Bomi Hills, 8 Oct 1970 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Jansen 2219</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); 5 mi N of Bomi Hills, 18 Nov 1970 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Jansen 2281</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); near Cavalla River, E of Harper, 20 Jul 1971 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Jansen 2433</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Bong Range, 32 km N of Kakata, 200 m, 11 Aug 1962 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Leeuwenberg & Voorhoeve 4924</emphasis>
|
||
(B, MO, P); near Fetoma, 2 Oct 1926 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Linder 881</emphasis>
|
||
(A); on road Bomi Hills-Yoma, 1 mile after bifurcation to "Smal Bopolu," 24 Jul 1965 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">van Meer 74</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Gola National Forest, Bomi Hills, 15 Oct 1965 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">van Meer 184</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); ca. 15 km E of Monrovia, between Paynesville and Duport, 22 Mar 1962 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">de Wilde & Voorhoeve 3633</emphasis>
|
||
(A, K, B, P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">IVORY COAST</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soubré">Soubre</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Parc National de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Taï">Tai</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 18 Dec 1975 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aké">Ake</normalizedToken>
|
||
Assi 13159
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="région">region</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Bassam,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yakassé">Yakasse</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 18 May 1982 (buds, old fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aké">Ake</normalizedToken>
|
||
Assi 16073
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(B, MO); Tchesso, 12 Oct 1997 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Ambe 186</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); route
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouaké">Bouake</normalizedToken>
|
||
-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tiébissou">Tiebissou</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2 Feb 1932 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aubréville">Aubreville</normalizedToken>
|
||
828
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P); Abidjan, Jun 1932 (fl, yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aubréville">Aubreville</normalizedToken>
|
||
1329
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Port-Bouet,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aubréville">Aubreville</normalizedToken>
|
||
1944
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P);
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="66" pageNumber="67" start="start">Lamto</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Station, ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.25">6°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-5.05">5°03'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11 Jul 1968 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Breteler 5251</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO); embouchure du Cavally
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bliéron">Blieron</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 11-13 Aug 1907 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Chevalier 19912</emphasis>
|
||
(MO--2 sheets, P); Bingerville, Jul 1901 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Jolly 287</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baoulé">Baoule</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Oct 1895 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pobéguin">Pobeguin</normalizedToken>
|
||
255
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO-2 sheets, P); bassin du Haut Sassandra et Bassin du Haut Cavally, Dec 1930 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Portères">Porteres</normalizedToken>
|
||
s. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); 10 km SE of Dabou, direction lagune, 21 May 1969 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Versteegh & den Outer 97</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); c. 6 km E. and 5 km inland of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bébéby">Bebeby</normalizedToken>
|
||
forest bordering Savane de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Néro-Mer">Nero-Mer</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6 Nov 1963,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Oldeman 514</emphasis>
|
||
(K); San Pedro, 13 Nov 1900 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thoiré">Thoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
85
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">GHANA</emphasis>
|
||
. Gold Coast, Princes W. Province, 15 January 1939,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Akpabla 797</emphasis>
|
||
(K); "Gold Coast," 20 Dec 1923,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">G. H. Eady s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Ankasa Forest Reserve, Mpataba-Elubo Rd., W Region, Jan 1973 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Enti R.1002</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">TOGO</emphasis>
|
||
. Lzory [?], 1905,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kersting A.181</emphasis>
|
||
(A, K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">BENIN</emphasis>
|
||
. Adjara, pres du
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marché">Marche</normalizedToken>
|
||
(cercle de Porto Novo), 17 Jan 1910,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Chevalier 22747</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO-2 sheets, P); Mts Atakora [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Atacora”">"Atacora"</normalizedToken>
|
||
] Pays des So(rn)mbas de 400 m a 600 m alt de Natitingou
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bocorona, 21 Jun 1910 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Chevalier 24177</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P); Savi environs de Ouidah, Apr 1937 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Laffitte 92</emphasis>
|
||
(P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">NIGERIA</emphasis>
|
||
. Akwa Ibom: without definite locality [Eket, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Keay, RWJ" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refId="B92" refString="Keay, RWJ, 1954-1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" title="Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1." year="1954 - 1958">Keay 1954-1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
],
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Talbot 3281</emphasis>
|
||
(BM).-Cross River: Calabar Province, Uwet Dist., Buden Dunlop Estate, 23 Jun 1959 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Binuyo FHI 41375</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Southern Nigeria "Consulate Hill. O. Calabar, Mar 1900 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Holland 296</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Cross River National Park, Oban Hills, ca. 5 km NNW of Ntebachot,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="2" value="5.533889">5°32'2"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="8" value="8.718888">8°43'8"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 19 Feb 1995 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Schmitt et al. 429</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Oban, S. Nigeria, 1911 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Talbot 226</emphasis>
|
||
(BM).-Edo: Ohoghobi, 17 Aug 1908 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Forestry Department, Benin City 194</emphasis>
|
||
(K-000354684).-Lagos or Osun: Lagos,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Dawodu s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Southern, near Modakeke, Lagos (sic) Ado,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Foster 116</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-Ogun: Ijebu East, near Itele Junction along Shagamu Benin Road, 31 Aug 1994 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Daramola 441</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO).-Rivers: Nun River, 1860,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Mann s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(no other data except name (K-0006233420 in herb. Hook.);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Keay, RWJ" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refId="B92" refString="Keay, RWJ, 1954-1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" title="Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1." year="1954 - 1958">Keay (1954-1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cites
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Mann 485</emphasis>
|
||
from this locality, so possibly the same as: "West tropical Africa," 1859-63,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Mann 485</emphasis>
|
||
(GH)).-State unknown: S. Nigeria, Without definite locality [probably Sapoba],
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kennedy 2172</emphasis>
|
||
(A, BM, F, K, MO, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">CAMEROON</emphasis>
|
||
. Bitya near the River Ja,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bates 1813</emphasis>
|
||
(P); a 27 km route Mbalmayo, subdivision
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé">Yaounde</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3 Oct 1953 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Benoit 61 (SRFK 1719)</emphasis>
|
||
(P); pres du Campement,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Bidou-subdiv. Kribi, 27 Sep 1955 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Benoit 111 (SRFK 1916)</emphasis>
|
||
; km 48 route Kribi-Ndjabilobi, village Elone, 13 Dec 1958 (bud),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Benoit 282</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Ebolowa road, 5 km from Kribi,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.9166667">2°55'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.933333">9°56'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20 Nov 1968 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bos 3341</emphasis>
|
||
(P, WAG-2 sheets); NE of Mt. Elephant, about 20 km SE of Kribi,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.8">2°48'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.033334">10°02'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 Feb 1970 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bos 6296</emphasis>
|
||
(B, MO, P); about 15 km from Kribi, 1 km S of Ebolowa road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.85">2°51'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.016666">10°01'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20 Feb 1970 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bos 6382</emphasis>
|
||
(B, M, MO, P, WAG-3 sheets); South Province, Department Ocean, Mvie, about 11 km ENE of village Mvie, 2.55N, 10.39E, 400 m, 20 Jan 1998 (fl, yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">van der Burgt 328</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="3.6258335">3°37'33"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="11.580277">11°34'49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 700 m, Oct (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Cheek 11057</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Douala route Razel, 1955-6,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Elias s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Bakolle Bakossi on Kumba-Mamfe road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.016667">5°01'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.666667">9°40'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 350 m, 24 May 1986 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Etuge & Thomas 148</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="3.6016667">3°36'06"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="11.596944">11°35'49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,700 m, 16 Oct 2002 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gosline 423</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Dengdeng, Jul 1939 (fl, yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacques-Félix">Jacques-Felix</normalizedToken>
|
||
4673
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">4679</emphasis>
|
||
(P); 60 km S of Edea, S of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mboké">Mboke</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 11 km E of km 58 of road Edea-Kribi, ca. 100 m, 22 Apr 1965 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="67" pageNumber="68" start="start">Leeuwenberg</pageBreakToken>
|
||
5504
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, P, WAG); Piste du massif de Fessimi, 9 Feb 1961 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Letouzey 3433</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P-2 sheets); a 15 km au SE de Molobo (village situe
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
50 km au S de Batouri), 21 Jul 1963 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Letouzey 5456</emphasis>
|
||
(P, WAG); Mebemonko (20 km NW
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Oveng">d'Oveng</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 26 Oct 1966 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Letouzey 8186</emphasis>
|
||
(B, P-2 sheets); route Mintom I (70 km N de Djoum) a Alati (100 km SE de Djoum), PK 14, 1 Jan 1973 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Letouzey 11773</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P, WAG); Dengdeng ca. 700 m April 1914,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Mildbraed 8826</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Prov. Littoral, 5 km S of Dibombari, near Bonambwasse Village,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.15">04°09'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.683333">09°41'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-20 m, 18-20 Feb 1988 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Nemba et al. 812</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Canon du Ntem, 16 km SW de Nyabessan, 30 Nov 1982 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Nkongmeneck 399</emphasis>
|
||
(P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nkalé">Nkale</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1924-5,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pobéguin">Pobeguin</normalizedToken>
|
||
s. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Southwest Province, forest in the Korup National Park, elev. 50 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.05">5°03'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="8.8">8°48'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Feb-Apr 1984 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thomas 3177</emphasis>
|
||
(B, MO, P); 16 km on the newly reconstructed road from Ebolowa to Minkok, and then about 2 km to the left along a forest exploitation track, ca. 650 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.9666667">2°58'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.283334">11°17'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29 Jan 1975 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">de Wilde 7931</emphasis>
|
||
(B, K, MO, P); station du Cacaoyer de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Koemvone">N'Koemvone</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 14 km on the road from Ebolowa to Ambam,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.8166666">2°49'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.133333">11°08'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 17 Feb 1975 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">de Wilde 7970</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, P); 17 km S of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lobé">Lobe</normalizedToken>
|
||
River, along road to Campo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.7166667">2°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.866667">9°52'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 18 Mar 1975 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">de Wilde 8085</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, MO, P); station du Cacaoyer de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Koemvone">N'Koemvone</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 14 km along the road from Ebolowa to Ambam,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.8166666">2°49'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.133333">11°08'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 Dec 1975 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">de Wilde 8707</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, MO, P); ca. 50 km NW of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Eséka">Eseka</normalizedToken>
|
||
, W of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé">Yaounde</normalizedToken>
|
||
, on opposite of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kelè-river">Kele-river</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 23 Nov 1963 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">de Wilde 1322</emphasis>
|
||
(B, EA, K, MO, P); Mimfia, Jan 1914 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Zenker 499</emphasis>
|
||
(B, GH, M, MO, P, US); Bipinde, 1900 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Zenker 2112</emphasis>
|
||
(A, B, BM, G, L, MO, WAG); Bipindi, Oct 1903 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Zenker s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(F).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">CHAD</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Djamena">N'Djamena</normalizedToken>
|
||
["Fort Lamy"], Nov 1919 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Allouette s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(L).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC</emphasis>
|
||
. Bai Hoker gorilla study area 25 km E of Bayanga,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.8666668">02°52'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.483334">16°29'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 435 m, 26 Feb 1988 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carroll 1077</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Chari oriental (Pays de Snoussi) [Dar Kouti, fide Tisserant and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1953.6796" author="Sillans, R" journalOrPublisher="Revue Internationale de Botanique Appliquee et d'Agriculture Tropicale" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="548 - 557" refId="B153" refString="Sillans, R, 1953. Plantes ligneuses nouvelles d'Afrique tropicale. Revue Internationale de Botanique Appliquee et d'Agriculture Tropicale 33: 548 - 557, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1953.6796" title="Plantes ligneuses nouvelles d'Afrique tropicale." url="https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1953.6796" volume="33" year="1953">Sillans 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], Bakala, 22 Jan 1903 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Chevalier 7331</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Seriki
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
Kembe, (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Eaux
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêts">Forets</normalizedToken>
|
||
et Chasses 1946
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Botonnti, Tokoli, 4 Dec 1959 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Eaux
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêts">Forets</normalizedToken>
|
||
et Chasses 1989
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Yagounda creek 5 km from Koumbala confluence 600 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.416667">8°25'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.316668">21°19'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fay 4121</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Sangha Economique Prefecture, Ndakan, gorilla study area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.35">02°21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.166666">16°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 350 m, 8 Apr 1988 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Harris & Fay 447</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Sangha Economique Prefecture, Ndakan, gorilla study area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.35">02°21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.15">16°09'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 350 m, 12 Apr 1988 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Harris & Fay 479</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Sangha Economique Prefecture, Ndakan, gorilla study area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.3333333">02°20'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.166666">16°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 350 m, 28 Apr 1988 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Harris & Fay 536</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Sangha Economique, Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Ndakan Gorilla study area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.35">02°21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.166666">16°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 350 m, 16 Sep 1988 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Harris & Fay 1132</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO); Yalinga, 1 Apr 1921 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Le Testu 2613</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, MO, P); Yalinga, 27 Mar 1923 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Le Testu 4635</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, P); Boukoko, 11 Oct 1947 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Tisserant 337</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, OWU, P); Boukoko, 20 Mar 1948 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Tisserant 791</emphasis>
|
||
(BM);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="région">region</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Bambari, Maroubas, 3 Mar 1924 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Tisserant 1436</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, P-2 sheets).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">ETHIOPIA</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rég">Reg</normalizedToken>
|
||
. de Bonga, Jul 1909 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Rousseau s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(L).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">SAO TOME & PRINCIPE</emphasis>
|
||
. Principe:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ôque">Oque</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pipi, ca. 1000 ft., 6 Dec 1932 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Exell 490</emphasis>
|
||
(BM-2 sheets); forest above Infante D. Henrique, ca. 1000 ft., 19 Dec 1932 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Exell 620</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); Principe [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Prince’s">"Prince's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Island"], 1861,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Mann s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K-000623422 ex herb. Hook); Infante Dom. Henrique [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ricque”">"Ricque"</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 1956,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Rose 386</emphasis>
|
||
(P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
EQUATORIAL
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="start">GUINEA</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bioko: Bata-Bolondo, estrada km 15 e nos arredores da povoacao Macomo, 25 Jun 1991 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Carvalho 4751</emphasis>
|
||
(B, MO, NY); Moca to Areha Beach pt168 to pt 169, 3.2355 N, 8.6778 E,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Luke 12099</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Muni: Spanish Guinea, 1908 und 1909 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tessmann 913</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">GABON</emphasis>
|
||
. Estuaire: Envs. Libreville, Mar 1900 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Chalot 45</emphasis>
|
||
(P); env. Libreville, 1-5 May 1917 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fleury 33530</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">33531</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">33532</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Libreville, Apr 1891 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Klaine 176</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Libreville, 26 Jan 1896 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Klaine 310</emphasis>
|
||
(P); au platform de forage,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Remboué">Remboue</normalizedToken>
|
||
1,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.21666667">0°13'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.033334">10°02'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 21 Jan 1991 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Louis & Moungazi 3293</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Wongua
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wongué">Wongue</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 23 Jan 1986 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Louis & Reitsma 2006</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets); Libreville, Route
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Idokogo">d'Idokogo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Reserve forestiere de la Mondah, 28 Oct 1948 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Morel 63 SRF</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Chantier Rougier-Ocean, Oveng,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8666667">0°52'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.166667">11°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 7 May 1985 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Reitsma et al. 855</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, RSA); Okala, N of Libreville,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Mondah, Odeg,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.6166667">0°37'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.333333">9°20'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4 Aug 1992 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Wilks 2610</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Haut-Ogooué">Haut-Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Without definite locality, 10 Mar 1930 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Le Testu 7960</emphasis>
|
||
(BM-2 sheets, MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Batéké">Bateke</normalizedToken>
|
||
Plateau, Mpassa River watershed, Projet de Protection des Gorilles, 4 km S on Mpassa River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-2.1375">02°08'15"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="014" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="14.066389">014°03'59"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 6 Dec 2001 (buds),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Walters et al. 1079</emphasis>
|
||
(OWU); ca. 20 km on the road from Franceville to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lékoni">Lekoni</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 450 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.6166667">1°37'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="13.75">13°45'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28 Aug 1992 (bud, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Wieringa & van de Poll 1506</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, WAG-2 sheets).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moyen-Ogooué">Moyen-Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 5-15 km NNW of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ndjolé">Ndjole</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.083333336">0°05'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.75">10°45'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Missanga, 13 Nov 1991 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Breteler & Jongkind 10458</emphasis>
|
||
(W, WAG-2 sheets); sur
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Ogooué">l'Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
du lac Zile aux env. de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lambaréné">Lambarene</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10 Aug 1912 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fleury 26582</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Petit Bam Bam, 21 Aug 1966 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hallé">Halle</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Le Thomas 581
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); SW of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lambaréné">Lambarene</normalizedToken>
|
||
, near Lake Ezanga,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0">01°00'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.283334">10°17'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15 m, 29 Jan 1991 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">McPherson 15168</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); eastern part of the Presidential Reserve
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wonga-Wongué">Wonga-Wongue</normalizedToken>
|
||
, about 100 km S of Libreville, ca. 130 m, 28 Feb 1983 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">de Wilde et al. 804</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngounié">Ngounie</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Outembo 4 Nov 1916 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Le Testu 2178</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, MO); Waka National Park, along bank of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oténinga">Oteninga</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-1.1522222">01°09'08"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="011" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="11.110001">011°06'36"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 350 m, 2 May 2005 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Leal et al. 634</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); SE of Sindora, right bank of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngoumié">Ngoumie</normalizedToken>
|
||
R., 17 km W of Camp Waka,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.2166667">1°13'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.816667">10°49'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 400 m, 22 Sep 1985 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Leeuwenberg & Persoon 13614</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P, WAG), 27 Sep 1985 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Leeuwenberg & Persoon 13701</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, P); Fougamou, 5 km on forestry road following Bendolo River, 90 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="11.7" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.1949999">1°11.7'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="33.1" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="10.551666">10°33.1'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2 Nov 1994 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Wieringa et al. 3031</emphasis>
|
||
(W, WAG-2 sheets).-Nyanga: Tchibanga, 21 Nov 1914 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Le Testu 1877</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, EA, K, P); chantier CEB, ca. 50 km SW of Doussala,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6">2°36'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.583333">10°35'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28 Aug 1985 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Reitsma & Reitsma 1442</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY-2 sheets, RSA); about 46 km along the track from Doussala to Igotchi, in SW direction from Doussala,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6666667">2°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.533334">10°32'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ca. 160 m, 29 Nov 1986 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">de Wilde et al. 9040</emphasis>
|
||
(B, BR, K, MO, WAG-3 sheets).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué-Ivindo">Ogooue-Ivindo</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="M’Passa">M'Passa</normalizedToken>
|
||
Field Station, near Makokou on Riviere Ivindo, 480 m, 14 Jul 1981 (bud, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Gentry 33323</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Ipassa, 10 km S of Makokou, 500 m, 29 Oct 1971 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Hladik 1470 part A & B</emphasis>
|
||
(P),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">part C</emphasis>
|
||
(US); Ijessa route du barage Makokou, 8 Feb 1972 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Hladik 1943a</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Res.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé-Okanda">Lope-Okanda</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1 km S of Campement (= 26 km E of Ayem),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.1">0°06'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.5">11°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ca. 200 m, 1 Nov 1982 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Leeuwenberg & Louis 12424</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, P, WAG);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé">Lope</normalizedToken>
|
||
, au sud
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ayem">d'Ayem</normalizedToken>
|
||
, chantier SOFORGA, ca. 200 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.41666666">0°25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.5">11°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5 Mar 1989 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">McPherson 13712</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé-reserve">Lope-reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
chantier SOFORGA,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.55">11°33'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 25 Jun 1986
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="69" pageNumber="70" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Reitsma & Reitsma 2355</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY); Ivindo National Park, ca. 2 km W of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Langoúe">Langoue</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bai,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-0.17083333">0°10'15"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="12.5425005">12°32'33"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5 Dec 2002 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Stone & Niangadouma 3664</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé-Okanda">Lope-Okanda</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve, 2.6 km E along road from Kazambika to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Offoué">Offoue</normalizedToken>
|
||
River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-0.12">00°07'12"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="11.715833">11°42'57"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 290 m, 31 Oct 2000 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Walters et al. 465</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Reserve de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé-Okanda">Lope-Okanda</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 200 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.41666666">00°25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.5">11°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15 Jul 1990 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">White [series 2] 29</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Reserve de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé-Okanda">Lope-Okanda</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.41666666">00°25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.5">11°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 200 m, 2 Oct 1990 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">White [series 2] 154</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé">Lope</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.25">0°15'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.666667">11°40'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 8/5/91 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">White LJTW 0471</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
des Abeilles, 21 km S du confluent
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué-Ivindo">Ogooue-Ivindo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4 May 1983 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Wilks WIL 922</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué-Lolo">Ogooue-Lolo</normalizedToken>
|
||
: "Deforestage Eurotrag," about 20 km N of Lastoursville,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.75">0°45'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="12.716666">12°43'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ca. 250 m, 16 Nov 1983 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Louis et al. 798</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué-Maritime">Ogooue-Maritime</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Toucan, 01°47'665S, 9°53'387E, 1 June 2002 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bourobou Bourobou et al. 654</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO-2 sheets); SE of Port Gentil, about
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.6666667">0°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="8.833333">8°50'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 16 Sep 1968 (bud, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Breteler & van Raalte 5563</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, WAG); Gamba, about
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.7666667">2°46'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.033334">10°02'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 21 Sep 1968 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Breteler & van Raalte 5612</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, WAG-2 sheets); Cap Lopez, 2 Jul, (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Chevalier 4305</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Rabi, North of Divangui Road, S 1 52.6, E 9 56.1, 6 Mar 2007 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Choo 764</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); near Lake Divangui, 20 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.95">1°57'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.983334">9°59'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2 Jan 1994 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Haegens & van der Burgt 233</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG); near RamboRabi, NW of Rabi site,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="53.8" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.8966666">1°53.8'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="50.5" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="9.841666">9°50.5'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 Nov 1990 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">van Nek 300</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG); forest near Checkpoint Est,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.8666667">1°52'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.966666">9°58'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 17 Nov 1990 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">van Nek 345</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG); Rabi-Kounga, Divangui, ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.95">1°57'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.983334">9°59'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 25 Dec 1991 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Schoenmaker 306</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
||
, route entre Batanga et la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="riviére">riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Awagné">Awagne</normalizedToken>
|
||
0 18 10 S 9 18 40 E,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sosef 1759</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Gamba, 7.3 along road from airport to Vera, ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.7833333">2°47'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.1">10°06'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23 Nov 1994 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">de Wilde & de Wilde-Bakhuizen 11172</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olendé">Olende</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.3166666">01°19'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.033334">09°02'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29 Dec 1988 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Wilks 1890</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, OWU).-Woleu-Ntem: Woleu-Ntem, Mbe National Park, Monts de Cristal, Tchimbele Dam area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="00" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="0.6188889">00°37'08"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="010" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="10.409721">010°24'35"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 300 m, Apr 2004 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">SIMAB 020102</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); about 22 km NE of Asok, newly constructed road, close to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mbé">Mbe</normalizedToken>
|
||
River, ca. 600 m, 23 Aug 1978 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Breteler & de Wilde 246</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO); 0.5 km NW of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tchimbélé">Tchimbele</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 550 m, ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.6166667">0°37'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.383333">10°23'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28 Jan 1990 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Wieringa 485</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG).-Province unknown: Kouilou,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’kana">N'kana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4 Mar 1920 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sargos 60</emphasis>
|
||
(P), 4 Mar 1920 (bud),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sargos 126</emphasis>
|
||
(P), 12 Feb 1924 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sargos 206</emphasis>
|
||
(P), 15 Oct 1929 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sargos 223</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P); in ditione Munda Sibange = Farm, 22 Sep 1880 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Soyaux 131</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</emphasis>
|
||
. Village de Loubofo,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
sur les bords de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouénza">Bouenza</normalizedToken>
|
||
depuis les chutes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="jusqu’au">jusqu'au</normalizedToken>
|
||
bord de la route
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
5 kms du village, 8 Nov 1964 (bud, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bouquet 685</emphasis>
|
||
(P); bassin de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Alima-Likouala">l'Alima-Likouala</normalizedToken>
|
||
, environs de Fort Rousset
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
16 km sur la route de Gamboma, 21 Jul 1961 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Descoings 8272</emphasis>
|
||
(P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guéne">Guene</normalizedToken>
|
||
[Guena = Bilala, 4°26', 12°15', NE of Pointe Noire], 1960 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Centre Technique Forestier Tropical CTFT 170</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Ouesso, 12 May 1971 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Grison FG 87</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Kouilou, Bena, 8 Oct 1990 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Lisowski B-7179</emphasis>
|
||
(BR); Pool,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Chasse de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léfini">Lefini</normalizedToken>
|
||
, banks of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léfini">Lefini</normalizedToken>
|
||
River near its confluence with the Louna River, ca. 20 km upstream from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mbouanbé">Mbouanbe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 320 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.0">3°00'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="15.466666">15°28'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 24 Oct 1991 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Thomas et al. 8746</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</emphasis>
|
||
. Bas-Uele: Tukpwo, galeire de la Diagbe, 25 Jun 1954 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Gerard 1532</emphasis>
|
||
(BR). Digba, Prov. Orientale, Terr. Ango,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
des Akare entre
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="riviére">riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bili et Asa, 7
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="start">Nov</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1963 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Gerard 5574</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Gerard 5616</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, WAG); piste Gwane-Balikwe, Jan 1946 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Germain 737</emphasis>
|
||
(FI-T, K, P).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Équateur">Equateur</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Eala, 30 Apr 1928 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Corbisier[-Baland] 806</emphasis>
|
||
(A, EA, K, MO, US); Botsima,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.15">1°09'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.95">21°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 26 Feb 1991 (buds),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dhetchuvi 756</emphasis>
|
||
(BR); Eala, 1936 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Leemans 488</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, P, US); Boyeka (Eala), 16 Aug 1946 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léonard">Leonard</normalizedToken>
|
||
311
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K, MO, P, US); de long
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’un">d'un</normalizedToken>
|
||
bras de la riviere Ruki le
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Yali,”">"Yali,"</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Eala">d'Eala</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Équateur">Equateur</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2 Jun 1936 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Louis 2147</emphasis>
|
||
(RSA).-Haut-Katanga: environs de Elisabethville, galerie de la Kisanga Dec 1939 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quarré">Quarre</normalizedToken>
|
||
6201
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BR).-Katanga: Kamunza,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="25.833334">25°50'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.0333333">07°02'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, fin Sep 1957 (buds),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Schmitz 5764</emphasis>
|
||
(BR).-Kinshasa: Maluku, Tpiene (Menkao ambouchure Bombo), 21 Oct 1970 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Breyne 934</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Kimuenza, 23 Jun 1959 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Pauwels 3411</emphasis>
|
||
(BR); au dela de la Nsele terr. Maluku, 26 Jan 1965 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Pauwels 4877</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, WAG-2 sheets).-Kongo Central: Leopoldville, Prov. Thysville, Territ. Songa,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Devred 885</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Kinkasi (Benga), Terr. Popakabaka, 1 Jul 1959 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Pauwels 3617</emphasis>
|
||
(BR); vers Kingoma, Terr. Popakabaka, 4 Jul 1959 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Pauwels 3760</emphasis>
|
||
(BR), 22 Jul 1959 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Pauwels 3936</emphasis>
|
||
(BR); Luki, 8 Aug 1949 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Toussaint 2430</emphasis>
|
||
(EA, K, P).-Kwilu: Kiyaka - Kwango, Prov. Katanga, Terr. Kikwit, 7 Sep 1955 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Devred 2585</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets).-Mongala:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Équateur">Equateur</normalizedToken>
|
||
Prov territ Bumba loc. Vallee de la Loeka, 5 Feb 1958 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Evrard 3436</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-Nord-Kivu: Walikale Mt. Mika,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4333334">1°26'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="28.05">28°03'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 850 m, 27 Jun 1957 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Pierlot 1707</emphasis>
|
||
(BR).-Sankuru: Katakokombe, Sep 1932 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lebrun 6117</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P).-Sud-Kivu: Bulumbu Terr. Shabunda, 780 m, 9 Apr 1959 (buds),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léonard">Leonard</normalizedToken>
|
||
3759
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BR); Nzowo, Prov. Kivu, Terr. S[c]habunda, 1180 m, 13 Apr 1959 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léonard">Leonard</normalizedToken>
|
||
3837
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).-Tshopo: Prov. Orientale, Terr. Tsangi, Yangambi, Jan 1961 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bolema 374</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Prov. Orientale, Terr. Tsangi, Ligasa-Mangala,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
periodiquement
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="inondeé">inondee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Lukombe, 21 Mar 1957 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Evrard 2262</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG); Yangambi, Prov. Orientale, Terr. Tsangi, 23 Jul 1958 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léonard">Leonard</normalizedToken>
|
||
980
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, EA, MO, WAG); Yangambi, 6 Feb 1936 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Louis 1203</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K); Yangambi, km 8.400 de la route de Ngazi, 17 Nov 1936 (old fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Louis 2848</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Yangambi, ca. 470 m, 27 Apr 1938 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Louis 9099</emphasis>
|
||
(B, BM, K, MO, P, US).-Tshuapa: Botsima,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.15">1°09'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.95">21°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 7 Mar 1991 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dhetchuvi 874</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); dist. de la Tshuapa, Sep 95 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dubois 780</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P); cerque de Malela 16 Nov 1945 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Donis 1354</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-Province unknown: entre Bubinga et Tarawa, Jan 1931 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lebrun 1964</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">UGANDA</emphasis>
|
||
. Entebbe District, 3900 ft., 1904,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dawe 118</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Bujeje District, 3600 ft, 1905 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dawe 229</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Masaka District, NW side of Lake Nabugabo, 1140 m, 9 Oct 1953 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Drummond & Hemsley 4714</emphasis>
|
||
(B, EA, FI-T, K-2 sheets); Namanve, Mengo, 3700 ft., Jan 1935 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Eggeling 1524</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, K-indicates
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Eggeling 1583</emphasis>
|
||
to be a wood collection of this number, but duplicates at EA and NY bear only the number 1583); without definite locality, 1922 (yr fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Maitland s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">KENYA.</emphasis>
|
||
Kwale: Ramisi-Mrima Hill road, ca. 7 km past the crossing of the Ramisi River, ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.5333333">4°32'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.316666">39°19'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ca. 40 m, 23 Mar 1974 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Faden & Faden 74/306</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, WAG); Shimba Hills, Mwele Grid Ref. 3922E0416S, 300 m, 13 Nov 1992 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Luke 3378</emphasis>
|
||
(EA); Shimba Hills, Buffalo Ridge, Grid Ref 3926E0413S, 280 m, 15 Mar 1991 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Luke & Robertson 2709</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">TANZANIA.</emphasis>
|
||
About 20-30 km SW of Bukoba, 1300 m, 31 Oct 1992 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Breteler 11626</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG). Rubare, Bukoba, Bukoba District, Lake Province,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="71" pageNumber="72" start="start">4000</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ft., Jul 1951 (buds, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Eggeling 6241</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Lindi, SE Tanganyika, Chilangal, 800 m, 16 Dec 1942 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gillman 1261</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Bukoba District, Rubogo Swamp, Sep-Oct 1935 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gillman 398</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K); Amani, 16 Nov 1928 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Greenway 1006</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Mlinga, 2800 ft. alt., 18 Feb 1937 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Greenway 4909</emphasis>
|
||
(EA, K); Tanga Region, Muheza District, Amani, Mbomole Hill Trail,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.0333333">05°02'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.166668">39°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 900 m, 4 Jun 1996 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Johnson et al. 1943A</emphasis>
|
||
(OWU),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1943B</emphasis>
|
||
(OWU),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1944</emphasis>
|
||
(OWU); Stromgebiet des oberen Ruhudje [tributary of Kilombero by Njombe], Landschaft Massagati
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="nördlich">noerdlich</normalizedToken>
|
||
des Flusses, ca. 35°30'E, 700 m, 27 Nov 1931 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Schlieben 1480</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K); Amani,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Zimmerman 2630</emphasis>
|
||
(A, BM, EA).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ANGOLA.</emphasis>
|
||
At Rio Munze, Buco Zau, 26 Aug 1916 (bud),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 6612</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); along the river Luali, Buco Zau, Mayumbe, 27 Dec 1916 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 6903</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K-2 sheets); Belize, 10 Mar 1917 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 7032</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); banks of the rio Lufo, Maiombe, 22 Feb 1919 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 7845</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K-3 sheets); Sumba, Peco, proximum flumen Zaire, 3 Dec 1924 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 8972</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K, US); Maiombe, Nkanda Mbaku, proximum flumen Luali-Chiloango, 50 m, 22 Jun 1924 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 9060</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); Maiombe, Nkanda Mbaku, proximum flumen Luali-Chiloango, 50 m, 25 Apr 1923 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 9073</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); Sumba, Peco, July 1926 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 9134</emphasis>
|
||
(A, BM, MO, US); Sumba, Peco, proximum flumen Zaire, Jun 1926 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 9138</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, US); Dundo, proximum flumen Luachimo, Mar 1949 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler 14222</emphasis>
|
||
[leg. Barros Machado] (BM, P); Mayumbe,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gossweiler s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); Hochland von Quela,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Nolde 216</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); in regno Hungo ad limites boreali-orientales regni Angolae, s. d. (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Welwitsch 765</emphasis>
|
||
(BM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ZAMBIA.</emphasis>
|
||
Copperbelt: Chingola, Luano Catchments, 31 Oct 1978 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bingham 3250</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Mufulira, 11 Aug 1954 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fanshawe 1447</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-Northern: Shiwa Ngandu, 5400 ft, 21 Jul 1938 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Greenway 5452</emphasis>
|
||
(EA, K); Chinsali District, Shiwa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ng’andu">Ng'andu</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mansha River, Chusa Falls,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-11.155277">11°09'19"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="04" value="31.551111">31°33'04"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1470 m, 25 Nov 1993 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Harder et al. 2126</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).-Northwestern: Mwinilunga, 7 Sep 1955 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Holmes H.1179</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Mwinilunga District, R. Matonchi, 21 Oct 1937 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Milne-Redhead 2883</emphasis>
|
||
(A, B, BM, BR, EA, FI-T, K-2 sheets, P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">MALAWI.</emphasis>
|
||
Southern: near Likabula Forest Station, at about 3000 ft, 4 Dec 1957 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Chapman 494</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K); lower slopes Mt. Mulanje, near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Manager’s">Manager's</normalizedToken>
|
||
House at Esperanza Estate, 700 m, 18 Nov 1985 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Chapman & Chapman 6829</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); half way up the outer slopes of Mt. Mulanje at a cliff foot in a hollow on the mountainside above the Chitakale stream (east branch), in full view of the Boma Path to Lichenya Plateau, 4 Dec 1985 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Chapman & Chapman 6921</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">MOZAMBIQUE.</emphasis>
|
||
Cabo Delgado: Cabo Delgado,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-11.551389">11°33'05"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="39.3475">39°20'51"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 796 m, 11 Sep 2009 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lötter">Loetter</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Turpin 1898
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-Mozambique: Serra Chinga, entre a Chinga-1 e a Chinga 2-A caminho do Chinga 2 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="37.01" value="-14.993614">14°59'37.01"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.98" value="38.55583">38°33'20.98"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 28 May (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Aguiar Macedo &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Macuácua">Macuacua</normalizedToken>
|
||
3291
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(DSM).-Niassa: Chomba, entre o cruzamento & Chomba, 20 Sep 1948 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Pedro &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedrogão">Pedrogao</normalizedToken>
|
||
5285
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(EA).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ribáuè">Ribaue</normalizedToken>
|
||
: encosta da Serra
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mepáluè">Mepalue</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Ie.), 700 m, 12 Dec 1967 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Torre & Correia 16453</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, EA, K); serra de Chinga, 1100 m, 12 Dec 1967 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Torre & Correia 16460</emphasis>
|
||
(B, WAG).-Sofala: Cheringoma, Dando,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="serração">serracao</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Inhansato, de Cardoso & Lopes, 1 Jun 1948 (yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mendonça">Mendonca</normalizedToken>
|
||
4442
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(EA, K, MO, WAG).-Zambezia: Mabu Mountain [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.2825" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-16.2825">16.2825°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.3817" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.3817">36.3817°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Harris 644</emphasis>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="72" pageNumber="73" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZIMBABWE.</emphasis>
|
||
Manicaland: [Melsetter District], 1300 ft, 3 Sep 1964 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Wild et al. 6618</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, K); Inyanga District, Eastern Highlands Plantation, Pungwe Valley, 3500 ft, 9 Nov 1960 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Wild 5267</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO).-Province unknown: Near Mozambique border,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
564
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished from all other African
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the distinctly connate sepals, the large number (up to 36) of narrow, weakly torulose monocarps, and the bilobed aril of the small seeds. The inflorescences are always pedunculate, with the 2-4 large flowers borne on long pedicels. In dried condition, the subcoriaceous leaves have a distinctive dark red midrib on the adaxial surface and a pale abaxial blade surface.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sometimes confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also has relatively narrow monocarps.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has, however, inner petals much shorter than the outer petals, up to 15 monocarps that are strongly torulose and usually distinctly beaked at the apex, and a distinctive reddish cast on the abaxial leaf surface The aril on the seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has the brushlike appendages characteristic of section
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Neoxylopia">Neoxylopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows morphological variability, we could not detect any consistent ecological or geographic pattern to the variation. In the field in northeastern Tanzania, we observed that smaller individuals have relatively large
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“shade”">"shade"</normalizedToken>
|
||
leaves, and that leaves in the canopy of large trees tend to be smaller and narrower "sun leaves." Herbarium specimens with such small leaves were occasionally seen, e.g.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Leemans 488</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léonard">Leonard</normalizedToken>
|
||
311
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, both from the western Democratic Republic of the Congo). There is variability in the number of monocarps per fruit and in the number of seeds per monocarp, but this seems to reflect pollination success, with small fruits being scattered throughout the distribution. A number of specimens from the Congo River basin exhibited relatively small flowers at maturity, with petals only ca. 20 mm long, more flowers per inflorescence, sometimes as many as seven, glabrous or sparsely pubescent foliage and inflorescences, smaller numbers of carpels (11-14), and a smaller staminal cone (2.2-2.4 mm in diameter) in the flower. It is possible that this variant is the plant described as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Wildeman" authorityYear="1903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gilletii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilletii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia gilletii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by De Wildeman, but the type specimen of that name is in fruit. A field study of this variant is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows in a range of habitats across its distribution, and it is difficult to determine from herbarium label data whether its presence in secondary vegetation, and along riverbanks, is spontaneous or the result of deliberate planting and tending. Only a single collection (Kisantu,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="cultivé">cultive</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7 Sep 1912 (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Chevalier 28331</emphasis>
|
||
(P)) explicitly states that the specimen came from a cultivated plant.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Savill, PS" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B149" refString="Savill, PS, Fox, JED, 1967. Trees of Sierra Leone. 316 pp. [published by the authors]" title="Trees of Sierra Leone. 316 pp. [published by the authors]" year="1967">Savill and Fox (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">X. aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Sierra Leone as inhabiting a wide variety of forest zones, and explicitly characterized it as a tree of secondary forest, where it often formed pure stands in regenerating forest but was absent from older forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Savill, PS" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B149" refString="Savill, PS, Fox, JED, 1967. Trees of Sierra Leone. 316 pp. [published by the authors]" title="Trees of Sierra Leone. 316 pp. [published by the authors]" year="1967">Savill and Fox 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In eastern Africa, the species is largely restricted to mountainous areas where the rainfall is higher than in the surrounding lowlands. In the Usambara Mountains near Amani, we found it growing in sapling, subcanopy, and canopy stages in an area of disturbed forest, at one site occurring with smaller trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabine" authorityYear="1824" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parinari excelsa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parinari excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the top of a steep slope along a road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="73" pageNumber="74" start="start">As</pageBreakToken>
|
||
discussed in the Ethnobiology section, the ethnobotanical literature attests to the continued wide use of the monocarps across West and Central Africa as a spice and medicine. It has been used since ancient times for these purposes. We have seen herbarium specimens from Nigeria (Lagos,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Dawodu s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K)), Cameroon (Messa Market,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé">Yaounde</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7 Mar 1979,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Westphal 10202</emphasis>
|
||
(P), and Gabon (without definite locality, 1854,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Aubry-Lecomte s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(P)) with labels stating that the fruits were obtained from or sold in the market. The label of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Dawodu s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
adds "invariably included in the Agbo pot to give tone and strength to the whole compound." Van Andel (2015) recently reported that the fruits of the Neotropical species
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. discreta" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="discreta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">X. discreta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Suriname are used medicinally, in ways similar to those for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">X. aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by local people of African descent. The name van Andel reported for the plants in Suriname was
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pechereku,”">"pechereku,"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and she observed its similarity to the Fon name
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pedjericou”">"pedjericou"</normalizedToken>
|
||
applied to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">X. aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Benin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported as a food source for animals.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00279.x" author="Usongo, LI" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Ecology" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="121 - 125" refId="B169" refString="Usongo, LI, Amubode, FO, 2001. Nutritional ecology of Preuss's red colobus monkey (Colobus badius preussi Rahm 1970) in Korup National Park, Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology 39: 121 - 125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00279.x" title="Nutritional ecology of Preuss's red colobus monkey (Colobus badius preussi Rahm 1970) in Korup National Park, Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00279.x" volume="39" year="2001">Usongo and Amubode (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that the young leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
made up 22.2% of the diet of red colobus monkeys (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Colobus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobus badius subsp. preussi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="badius" subSpecies="preussi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Colobus badius preussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at a field site in Korup National Park in western Cameroon. In Ivory Coast, the arillate seeds are consumed by Diana monkeys, which spit out the seeds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1177/194008290800100309" author="Kone, I" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Conservation Science" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" pagination="293 - 306" refId="B97" refString="Kone, I, Lambert, JE, Refisch, J, Bakayoko, A, 2008. Primate seed dispersal and its potential role in maintaining useful tree species in the Tai region, Cote-d'Ivoire: implications for the conservation of forest fragments. Tropical Conservation Science 1 (3): 293 - 306, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/194008290800100309" title="Primate seed dispersal and its potential role in maintaining useful tree species in the Tai region, Cote-d'Ivoire: implications for the conservation of forest fragments." url="https://doi.org/10.1177/194008290800100309" volume="1" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koné">Kone</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, in Cameroon, three species of monkeys eat and defecate the seeds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001602" author="Poulsen, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical Ecology" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="787 - 808" refId="B139" refString="Poulsen, JR, Clark, CJ, Smith, TB, 2001. Seed dispersal by a diurnal primate community in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17: 787 - 808, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001602" title="Seed dispersal by a diurnal primate community in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001602" volume="17" year="2001">Poulsen et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The seeds are also reported to be taken by two species of hornbills in Cameroon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, BC" journalOrPublisher="PhD Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B179" refString="Wang, BC, 2008. Impacts of hunting on seed dispersal in a Central African tropical forest. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles" title="Impacts of hunting on seed dispersal in a Central African tropical forest." year="2008">Wang 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Gautier-Hion (1985) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00219.x" author="Clark, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" pagination="606 - 620" refId="B34" refString="Clark, CJ, Poulsen, JR, 2001. The role of arboreal seed dispersal groups on the seed rain of a lowland tropical forest. Biotropica 33 (4): 606 - 620, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00219.x" title="The role of arboreal seed dispersal groups on the seed rain of a lowland tropical forest." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00219.x" volume="33" year="2001">Clark and Poulsen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">X. aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be bird-dispersed. Seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">X. aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the aril still intact, were recovered by T. Engel from the dung of a genet cat in the Shimba Hills of Kenya.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
We follow the conclusion of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brizicky, GK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Arnold Arboretum" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="80 - 93" refId="B22" refString="Brizicky, GK, 1962. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Zanthoxylum and Glycosmis (Rutaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 43: 80 - 93" title="Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Zanthoxylum and Glycosmis (Rutaceae)." volume="43" year="1962">Brizicky (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in accepting the year of publication of the combination
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as 1841, rather than the printed date of 1845. A lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Unona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Unona aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Unona aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dun. was chosen by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B176" refString="Verdcourt, B, 1971b. Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" title="Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds) Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1971 b">Verdcourt (1971b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who indicated the lectotype to be at G. In the Prodromus herbarium at G there are three sheets, however, and it is not clear whether the lectotypification was intended to include all of them or just a single sheet, so a secondary lectotypification is explicitly designated here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |