212 lines
22 KiB
XML
212 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="FD4A0C06825E5284513F3469D68D8D89" ID-CLB-Dataset="36877" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3785.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ebfa75b7-1ec7-4f66-871a-7ccd3406e75d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="285810" ID-ZooBank="C1A6BCBA-7B03-4E8A-B780-657166A67F46" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460405131036" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shirihai, Hadoram, Schweizer, Manuel, Kirwan, Guy M. & Svensson, Lars" docDate="2014" docId="03D18794B167E259FF238416FE2183D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03785p024.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3785 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Saxicola syenitica" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFE8FFECB165E25AFFB4822AFFDC8075" masterDocTitle="Saxicola syenitica Heuglin, 1869 (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae), an overlooked taxon of Oenanthe?" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698299695224" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C4BAA38123710FB91DCA5607FD50EE5F">Saxicola syenitica Heuglin, 1869 (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae), an overlooked taxon of Oenanthe?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="829002B9C945161602DC0742158D8288">Shirihai, Hadoram</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E617A7D574F878E10D1F2A72DEB738AB">Schweizer, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E66B5F08CAF063D932DAF6FBD11CCDCF">Kirwan, Guy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F6C52C3F7929651AF3D99DC40D441E5">Svensson, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D18794B167E259FF238416FE2183D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6124853" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127667472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6124853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D18794B167E259FF238416FE2183D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18794B167E259FF238416FE2183D0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph id="8BC73682B167E258FF238416FCE18623" blockId="2.[151,829,1596,1622]" box="[151,829,1596,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D08F81EEB167E258FF238416FCE18623" bold="true" box="[151,829,1596,1622]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B167E258FF238416FCE18623" bold="true" box="[151,829,1596,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D01B167E258FF7A8416FEE58623" box="[206,313,1596,1622]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Saxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syenitica">
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B167E258FF7A8416FEE58623" bold="true" box="[206,313,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">syenitica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="54C38820B167E258FE8B8416FEA58623" box="[319,377,1596,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
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: locality, collecting date, age and sex
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC73682B167E258FF2384A9FC4487EB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1667,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B73B167E258FE8584A9FE3F86E9" author="Heuglin" box="[305,483,1667,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Heuglin, M. T. (1869 a) Synopsis der Vogel Nord-Ost-Afrikas, des Nilquellengebietes und der Kustenlander des Rothen Meeres. [Part 7] Journal fur Ornithologie, 17, 145 - 168. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02260971" type="journal article" year="1869" yearSuffix="a">Heuglin (1869a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B73B167E258FE5B84A9FE2386E9" author="Heuglin" box="[495,511,1667,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Heuglin, M. T. (1869 b) Ornithologie Nordost-Afrikas, der Nilquellen- und Kusten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nordlichen Somal-Landes. Band I. Theodor Fischer, Cassel, 851 pp." type="book" year="1869" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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), he collected the single male of
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D01B167E258FCC384A9FB9786EE" box="[887,1099,1667,1691]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Saxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syenitica">
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B167E258FCC384A9FB9786EE" box="[887,1099,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Saxicola syenitica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NMW 42.231) in
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<date id="FFC61042B167E258FA9C84AEFA4086E9" box="[1320,1436,1667,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1852-06">June 1852</date>
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at El Kab, Oberegypten (upper
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B167E258FE438482FDE386B5" box="[503,575,1704,1728]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B73B167E258FDE6848DFD2186B5" author="Schifter" box="[594,765,1703,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Schifter, H. (1991) Typen von Theodor von Heuglin beschriebener Vogel in der Vogelsammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 92 B, 59 - 76." type="journal article" year="1991">Schifter (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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considered the
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<typeStatus id="54C38820B167E258FC058482FC3D86B5" box="[945,993,1704,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
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locality “El Kab” to lie in modern-day
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B167E258FF2384E6FF018690" box="[151,221,1740,1765]" name="Sudan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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at
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B167E258FEBE84E7FEB08690" box="[266,364,1740,1765]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="19.283333">19°17’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B167E258FEC984E7FE028690" box="[381,478,1740,1765]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="32.733334">32°44’E</geoCoordinate>
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, using the coordinates for “El Kab” listed in the Times Atlas (H.-M. Berg
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B167E258FAE084E4FA488690" box="[1364,1428,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">in litt</emphasis>
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. 2013). However, we have found two other localities named El Kab: the first a now-famous archaeological site (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B167E258FF2B853CFEDF875A" box="[159,259,1813,1839]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="25.116667">25°07’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B167E258FEBB853DFEB1875A" box="[271,365,1813,1839]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="32.783333">32°47’E</geoCoordinate>
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) in upper
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B167E258FE53853DFDF1875A" box="[487,557,1815,1839]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, on the east bank of the Nile at the mouth of Wadi Hillal,
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B167E258FB67853DFB03875B" box="[1235,1247,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">c</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<quantity id="4C809B67B167E258FB5B853DFAE5875A" box="[1263,1337,1814,1839]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="80.0">80 km</quantity>
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south of Luxor; the other is Jebel El Kab, in northern
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B167E258FD148516FD3A8720" box="[672,742,1852,1877]" name="Sudan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B167E258FD4C8516FC878721" box="[760,859,1851,1876]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="19.05">19°03’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B167E258FCDD8516FC168720" box="[873,970,1851,1877]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="30.083334">30°05’E</geoCoordinate>
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). Additionally, the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D01B167E258FB448517FA888721" box="[1264,1364,1853,1876]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Saxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syenitica">
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B167E258FB448517FA888721" box="[1264,1364,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">syenitica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could refer to ‘Syene’, an ancient/alternative name for modern-day Aswan,
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B167E258FC018548FC24870F" box="[949,1016,1890,1914]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B167E258FBBC8548FBB0870F" box="[1032,1132,1888,1914]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="24.083334">24°05’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B167E258FBCD8548FB04870F" box="[1145,1240,1888,1914]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="32.883335">32°53’E</geoCoordinate>
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), which is
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B167E258FAE28548FAB5870C" box="[1366,1385,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">c.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4C809B67B167E258FAC68548FF6787EB" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
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south of the archaeological site El Kab mentioned above (
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<figureCitation id="13432A07B167E258FCF385AFFC5B87EB" box="[839,903,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,615,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,615,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of southern Egypt and northern Sudan showing the locations of the three potential type localities of syenitica named El Kab. Moreover, the locations painted by Heuglin are also shown, indicating his itinerary in summer 1852." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285811/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC73682B167E259FF738583FA578110" blockId="2.[151,1436,1667,2022]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,933]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Paintings by Heuglin with date and location held at the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (SMNS) indicate Heuglin’s itinerary in summer 1852. He was apparently continuously travelling south along the Nile. On
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<date id="FFC61042B167E259FA3A85E4FED180C5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1852-06-02">2 June 1852</date>
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, he was in the region of Assyut (Siut),
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B166E259FD6782B2FCCA80C5" box="[723,790,152,176]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B166E259FC9C82BDFC6880C5" box="[808,948,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="27.180832">27°10’51”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B166E259FC7582B2FBE680C5" box="[961,1082,152,176]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="31.18361">31°11’1”E</geoCoordinate>
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), on the west bank of the Nile
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B166E259FF238297FF7F80A1" box="[151,163,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">c</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<quantity id="4C809B67B166E259FF048296FED580A0" box="[176,265,188,213]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="375.0">375 km</quantity>
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south of Cairo. Another painting dated
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<date id="FFC61042B166E259FD688296FCB580A0" box="[732,873,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1852-06-05">5 June 1852</date>
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||
is from Dandarah (Dendera),
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B166E259FB718297FAD480A0" box="[1221,1288,189,213]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B166E259FAAD8296FA4B80A0" box="[1305,1431,188,213]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="26.168055">26°10’5”N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B166E259FF2382CAFEC3808D" box="[151,287,224,248]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="32.6575">32°39’27”E</geoCoordinate>
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), further south on the banks of the Nile,
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<emphasis id="B90CEA90B166E259FCB482CBFCD0808D" box="[768,780,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">c</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity id="4C809B67B166E259FCA882CAFCAC808D" box="[796,880,223,248]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="118.0">118 km</quantity>
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north of the archaeological site of El Kab. On
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<date id="FFC61042B166E259FA3482CAFED18168" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1852-06-29">29 June 1852</date>
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, Heuglin was in Qasr Ibrim (Cheik Ibrim) (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B166E259FCB2832EFCB68169" box="[774,874,260,284]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="22.633333">22°38’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B166E259FCCC832EFC048168" box="[888,984,260,285]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="31.983334">31°59’E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B166E259FC5B832FFBE88168" box="[1007,1076,261,285]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, also on the Nile, about
|
||
<quantity id="4C809B67B166E259FAE6832EFA408168" box="[1362,1436,260,285]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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north of Abu Simbel and
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||
<quantity id="4C809B67B166E259FE0F830DFDCD8135" box="[443,529,295,320]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="275.0">275 km</quantity>
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||
south of the archaeological site El Kab. Chronologically, the next available painting is from
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<date id="FFC61042B166E259FEE18366FE378110" box="[341,491,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1852-07-28">28 July 1852</date>
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from Dongola (Dongola nova),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B166E259FCEE8366FC7C8110" box="[858,928,332,357]" name="Sudan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B166E259FC048366FBCF8111" box="[944,1043,332,356]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="19.166666">19°10’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5045B166E259FBAB8366FB5C8111" box="[1055,1152,332,356]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="30.483334">30°29’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), close to Jebel El Kab.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73682B166E259FF738345FBA882B8" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
If the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D01B166E259FEBF835AFEB381F2" box="[267,367,368,391]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Saxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syenitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEA90B166E259FEBF835AFEB381F2" box="[267,367,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">syenitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38820B166E259FEC1835AFE7981FD" box="[373,421,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
was indeed collected in June, the archaeological site is the most likely
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38820B166E259FB79835AFB2181FD" box="[1229,1277,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. This would also agree with the region “Oberegypten” (upper
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F7612B166E259FC9483BEFCB981D9" box="[800,869,404,428]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
) mentioned in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38820B166E259FBF583BFFBAD81D8" box="[1089,1137,405,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
description, although this term might have been used differently during the mid-19th century. However, another “El Kab” was known to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B73B166E259FF2383F6FE868180" author="Heuglin" box="[151,346,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Heuglin, M. T. (1869 b) Ornithologie Nordost-Afrikas, der Nilquellen- und Kusten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nordlichen Somal-Landes. Band I. Theodor Fischer, Cassel, 851 pp." type="book" year="1869" yearSuffix="b">Heuglin (1869b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who wrote: „Die Nordgrenze der subtropischen Zone fällt mit derjenigen der periodischen Sommerregen zusammen. Nach meinen Beobachtungen erstrecken sich die letzteren von der Oasis von El Kab nordwärts bis Breitenparallel von Hafir (20.° N. Br.),…” (The northern boundary of the subtropical zone coincides with that of periodical summer rains. After my observations, the latter extend from the oasis of El Kab to the north parallel to the latitude of Hafir (20° N),…). Hence, the El Kab concerned here would fit with “Jebel El Kab” or the “El Kab” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B73B166E259FE9280A5FE0C82DD" author="Schifter" box="[294,464,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Schifter, H. (1991) Typen von Theodor von Heuglin beschriebener Vogel in der Vogelsammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 92 B, 59 - 76." type="journal article" year="1991">Schifter (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned above. However, as Heuglin was seemingly still much further north by the end of June, we cannot conclusively decide on which “El Kab” refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38820B166E259FC50809FFBC882B8" box="[996,1044,693,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73682B166E259FF7380FDFE2183D0" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D01B166E259FF4E80F2FE81829A" box="[250,349,728,751]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Saxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syenitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEA90B166E259FF4E80F2FE81829A" box="[250,349,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">syenitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38820B166E259FED080F2FE488285" box="[356,404,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is a first-summer bird with retained juvenile remiges and primary-coverts. The condition of its wing feathers and its overall abraded plumage confirm that the specimen was collected during or at the end of the breeding season, but before the post-breeding moult. Regarding the specimen’s sex, we believe that, as labelled, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38820B166E259FE93816FFE8B8328" box="[295,343,837,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D01B166E259FEC9816FFE3D8329" box="[381,481,837,860]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Saxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syenitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEA90B166E259FEC9816FFE3D8329" box="[381,481,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">syenitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a male, because, despite being worn, its dark body feathers are purer black (less brownish), with more sheen and more prominent white edges to the bases of the remiges (Shirihai & Svensson in prep.) than is typical of females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |