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<document id="D28DE0BFD6FA92499A202DD63C1402B7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5377199" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5377199" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630282681036" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Popov, Vasil V." docDate="2004" docId="03B287E9FFDFFFC0FF5D645BBB57FA6B" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2004.26.3.403-491.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 26 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pliospalax macoveii" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="477" masterDocId="FF8BFF91FF97FF8AFFC5650BB968FFA1" masterDocTitle="Pliocene small mammals (Mammalia, Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) from Muselievo (North Bulgaria)" masterLastPageNumber="491" masterPageNumber="403" pageNumber="475" updateTime="1699212936602" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="2A12033D6F76EB954BEC6DD066E11EF0">Pliocene small mammals (Mammalia, Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) from Muselievo (North Bulgaria)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7480BC3941FD388150597B5681F8CFB0">Popov, Vasil V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9533E93BD606D615FD3742C1038F5B37">Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Boul. Tsar Osvoboditel 1, 1000 Sofia (Republic of Bulgaria) popov @ zoology. bas. bg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="60C9E11572E6B0FE215F25F73527C207">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7C9B115C66B18D7C29681BE947CC7189">
<mods:date id="D491FE22C44A2CC4A991F36C6CDC495C">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A767DCE7CB8F5085ECA99FC50051FBD1">26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B37D25F02FD06072EE2E79DD73E09573">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F117A6F51EAF9C8D82CF51B14B4D1BEE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="807620FEEBF93613485A1217F06AC77F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5377199</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B8B9C534921B1B8F343213E5E20D3F6B" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FC95E0DAD9CA73F5A8840DFBBF2AF6EE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5377199</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B287E9FFDFFFC0FF5D645BBB57FA6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287E9FFDFFFC0FF5D645BBB57FA6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287E9FFDFFFC0FF5D645BBB57FA6B" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">
<subSubSection id="C3016574FFDFFFC2FF5D645BB8D8FE2B" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FF5D645BB8D8FE2B" blockId="72.[152,618,334,394]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="D0EC8193FFDFFFC2FF5D645BB8D8FE2B" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FF5D645BBB02FECB" authority="(Simionescu, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[152,618,334,362]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FF5D645BB86FFECB" bold="true" box="[152,263,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">Pliospalax</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FEF56445B8F8FEC9" bold="true" box="[304,400,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">macoveii</emphasis>
(Simionescu, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13202A7AFFDFFFC2FE9F647BB8C0FE2B" box="[346,424,368,394]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="73.[118,129,1625,1642]" captionTargetBox="[172,1161,230,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-20@73.[172,1161,230,1606]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIG. 39. — Pliospalax cf. macoveii (Simionescu, 1930); A, left M1, Ms114, occlusal view; K, the same, labial view; B, left M1, Ms115, occlusal view; C, right M2, Ms116, occlusal view; D, right M2, Ms117, occlusal view; E, right M3, Ms118, occlusal view; F, right m3, Ms119, occlusal view; G, right m1, Ms120, occlusal view; J, the same, lingual view; H, left m1, Ms121, occlusal view; I, the same, lingual view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5377269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5377269/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016574FFDFFFC2FFB264A3B992FE55" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FFB264A3B992FE55" blockId="72.[119,652,424,616]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE3AFFDFFFC2FFB264A3B82FFE1F" box="[119,327,424,447]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
. — 2 M1 (Ms114, 115), 2 M2 (Ms116, 117), 1 M3 (Ms118),
<quantity id="4CE39B1AFFDFFFC2FE6B64C9B8B1FE7B" box="[430,473,450,474]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
1 (Ms120, 121),
<quantity id="4CE39B1AFFDFFFC2FDBA64C9B9E5FE55" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
3 (Ms119).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016574FFDFFFC2FFB26708BAF6FEC8" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FFB26708B9C2FDC9" blockId="72.[119,652,424,616]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">MEASUREMENTS (L × W). — M1 = 2.37 × 2.05; 2.37 × 2.05; M2 = 2.00 × 2.00; 1.87 × 2.00; M3 = 1.60 × 1.57; m1 = 2.02 × 1.57; 2.00 × 1.70; m3 = 1.75 × 1.87.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FFB26784B86FFD06" blockId="72.[119,652,655,1706]" box="[119,263,655,681]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FFB267BBB8CAFBEB" blockId="72.[119,652,655,1706]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">M1: both teeth available possess a mesocone (mesoloph) and a more or less well developed posterior cingulum. The postero-labial reen- t r a n t f o l d i s a n e p h e m e r a l f e a t u r e, w h i c h becomes rapidly narrower and shallower as it descends, until it is represented be a mere groove, which may or may not persist in the worn tooth. In the slightly worn specimen, both the paracone and the metacone are still separated from the mesocone and the hypocone, respectively. The anterior loop is oblique in relation to the mesial axis of the occlusal surface. The teeth are three-rooted.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FFB2615BB9DCFB48" blockId="72.[119,652,655,1706]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">M2: in the younger stage of wear, the anterolingual and postero-lingual valleys are closed labially. In the other, adult, tooth the posterior islet had already vanished. The tooth possesses three roots.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FFB261FBB80CFACB" blockId="72.[119,652,655,1706]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">M3: the tooth belongs to a young specimen with the pulp-cavities still open below. The occlusal surface is e-shaped, due to a nearly crescent shaped reentrant fold.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FFB2607BBA4AFEA8" blockId="72.[119,652,655,1706]" lastBlockId="72.[682,1215,207,362]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">m1: the teeth available belong to individuals of advanced ontogenetic age, as they are considerably worn. The occlusal surface is simple, elongated antero-posteriorly, S-shaped with two reentrant folds (one lingual and one labial), and an enamel island which corresponds to the postero-lingual reentrant fold, separating the entoconid from the posterior cingulum. The lingual sinus is obliquely directed forward, while the posterior one is more or less transversal in relation to the sagital axis of the occlusal surface. Two roots.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FD6F641BBAF6FEC8" blockId="72.[682,1215,207,362]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">m3: the occlusal surface is nearly S-shaped but at this stage of attrition the posterior loop is shut off from the anterior part.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3016574FFDFFFC0FD6F6484BB57FA6B" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC2FD6F6484BA66FE06" blockId="72.[682,1215,399,1706]" box="[682,782,399,425]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDFFFC0FD6F64BBB872FECB" blockId="72.[682,1215,399,1706]" lastBlockId="74.[119,652,208,1386]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">
The determination of isolated molars of spalacids is difficult because the occlusal pattern is relatively simple and uniform within the genera but varies considerably with crown wear (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDFFFC2FB89671BBAD5FDEB" author="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J." pageId="72" pageNumber="475" pagination="314 - 338" refId="ref43216" refString="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J. 1975. - The early Pleistocene Rodents from Tourkoubounia- 1 (Athens, Greece). I. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings B, 78 (4): 314 - 338." type="journal article" year="1975">De Bruijn &amp; Van der Meulen 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDFFFC2FC0D673BBD5CFDEB" author="SEN S." box="[968,1076,560,586]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" pagination="90 - 170" refId="ref46490" refString="SEN S. 1977. - La faune de Rongeurs pliocenes de Calta (Ankara, Turkie). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle ser. 3, Sciences de la Terre 61, 465: 90 - 170." type="journal article" year="1977">Sen 1977</bibRefCitation>
). As a result, similar morphotypes may occur in the related species. According to the structure of the occlusal surface, the available M1s show some similarities with the most primitive species within the genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FD6F67DBBAACFD4B" box="[682,964,720,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="compositidontus">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FD6F67DBBAACFD4B" box="[682,964,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">Pliospalax compositidontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: small size, occurrence of a mesocone, a well pronounced posterior cingulum and a postero-lingual reentrant fold, three roots. These peculiarities differentiate the specimens from the latter species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FC28665BBA13FC2B" authority="(Simionescu, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FC28665BBDD7FCC9" box="[1005,1215,847,874]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">Pliospalax macoveii</emphasis>
(Simionescu, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FC6A6664BABEFC0B" authority="(Topacevsky, 1969) (Topachevsky 1969)" authorityName="Topachevsky" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Topachevsky" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dolomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odessanus">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FC6A6664BD44FC2B" box="[943,1068,879,906]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">P. odessanus</emphasis>
(Topacevsky, 1969) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDFFFC2FD3C669BBAA6FC0B" author="TOPACHEVSKY V. A." box="[761,974,912,938]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" refId="ref47330" refString="TOPACHEVSKY V. A. 1969. - [= Mole rats (Spalacidae)], in Fauna of the USSR, Mammals 3 (3). Nauka, Moscow, 246 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1969">Topachevsky 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In particular,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FBB26684BB8FFC69" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FBB26684BB8FFC69" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">P. macoveii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FCDB66A4BACAFC6B" authorityName="Topachevsky" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Topachevsky" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[798,930,943,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dolomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odessanus">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FCDB66A4BACAFC6B" box="[798,930,943,970]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">P. odessanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have more simplified occlusal surface of upper molars, a reduced number of roots, and larger size, which, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDFFFC2FD6F611BBAE2FB8B" author="TOPACHEVSKY V. A." box="[682,906,1040,1066]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" refId="ref47330" refString="TOPACHEVSKY V. A. 1969. - [= Mole rats (Spalacidae)], in Fauna of the USSR, Mammals 3 (3). Nauka, Moscow, 246 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1969">Topachevsky (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, is a result of an evolutionary trend whitin this evolutionary branch. On the other hand, a latter form from the early Pleistocene of
<collectingCountry id="F30C766FFFDFFFC2FC80617BBAF8FB2B" box="[837,912,1136,1162]" name="Greece" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">Greece</collectingCountry>
(Tourkobounia-1, Athens), described as
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FCF7619BBAD7FB6B" authority="De Bruijn &amp; Van der Meulen, 1975" authorityName="De Bruijn &amp; Van der Meulen" authorityYear="1975" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tourkobounensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FCF7619BBD22FB0B" box="[818,1098,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">Pliospalax tourkobounensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDFFFC2FB946184BAD7FB6B" author="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J." pageId="72" pageNumber="475" pagination="314 - 338" refId="ref43216" refString="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J. 1975. - The early Pleistocene Rodents from Tourkoubounia- 1 (Athens, Greece). I. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings B, 78 (4): 314 - 338." type="journal article" year="1975">De Bruijn &amp; Van der Meulen, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, does not fit within this trend. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDFFFC2FC4761C4BB91FAAB" author="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J." pageId="72" pageNumber="475" pagination="314 - 338" refId="ref43216" refString="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J. 1975. - The early Pleistocene Rodents from Tourkoubounia- 1 (Athens, Greece). I. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings B, 78 (4): 314 - 338." type="journal article" year="1975">De Bruijn &amp; Van der Meulen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
“the stratigraphically youngest of these three species [
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FC946004BAA3FA89" box="[849,971,1295,1320]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macovei">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FC946004BAA3FA89" box="[849,971,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">P. macovei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FC196004BD21FA89" box="[988,1097,1295,1320]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sotirisi">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FC196004BD21FA89" box="[988,1097,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">P. sotirisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
],
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FBA16004BA4EFAEB" authorityName="De Bruijn &amp; Van der Meulen" authorityYear="1975" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tourkobounensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FBA16004BA4EFAEB" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">P. tourkobounensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is morphologically more archaic having relatively low-crowned cheek teeth and a mesoloph and posterior cingulum in M1”. It is remarkable that some of the first upper molars from Çalta (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDFFFC2FCF060BBBACEFA6B" author="SEN S." box="[821,934,1456,1482]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" pagination="90 - 170" refId="ref46490" refString="SEN S. 1977. - La faune de Rongeurs pliocenes de Calta (Ankara, Turkie). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle ser. 3, Sciences de la Terre 61, 465: 90 - 170." type="journal article" year="1977">Sen 1977</bibRefCitation>
: pl. XIII: 1, 3a), initially attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FCFB60DBBD36FA4B" box="[830,1118,1488,1514]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="compositidontus">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FCFB60DBBD36FA4B" box="[830,1118,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">Pliospalax compositidontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are also very similar to these of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FC6C60E4BD19F9AB" authorityName="De Bruijn &amp; Van der Meulen" authorityYear="1975" box="[937,1137,1519,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tourkobounensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FC6C60E4BD19F9AB" box="[937,1137,1519,1546]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">P. tourkobounensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to the M1s from Muselievo in having a mesocone and a postero labial reentrant forld. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDFFFC2FD6F635BBA41F9CB" author="SEN S." box="[682,809,1616,1642]" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" pagination="359 - 378" refId="ref46531" refString="SEN S. 1998. - Pliocene vertebrate locality of Calta, Ankara, Turkey. 4. Rodentia and Lagomorpha. Geodiversitas 20 (3): 359 - 378." type="journal article" year="1998">Sen (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, these molars should also be referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDFFFC2FD0D637BBACAF929" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[712,930,1647,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="72" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDFFFC2FD0D637BBACAF929" box="[712,930,1647,1674]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="475">Pliospalax macoveii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It should be mentioned that these three forms (Tourkoubonia 1, Çalta, and Muselievo) have relatively small molars, similar to these of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FE9465FBBBECFEAB" box="[337,644,240,266]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="compositidontus">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FE9465FBBBECFEAB" box="[337,644,240,266]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Pliospalax compositidontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but considerably smaller than the molars of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FFB2643BB809FEE9" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[119,353,303,330]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FFB2643BB809FEE9" box="[119,353,303,330]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Pliospalax macoveii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FE5B6424B87EFECB" authority="(Topachevsky 1969)" authorityName="Topachevsky" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Topachevsky" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dolomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odessanus">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FE5B6424BB46FEEB" box="[414,558,303,330]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">P. odessanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDDFFC0FDFA643BB866FECB" author="TOPACHEVSKY V. A." pageId="74" pageNumber="477" refId="ref47330" refString="TOPACHEVSKY V. A. 1969. - [= Mole rats (Spalacidae)], in Fauna of the USSR, Mammals 3 (3). Nauka, Moscow, 246 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1969">Topachevsky 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF646677FFDEFFC3FFB36352B819F90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5377269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5377269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5377269/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="476" startId="73.[118,129,1625,1642]" targetBox="[172,1161,230,1606]" targetPageId="73">
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDEFFC3FFB36352B819F90B" blockId="73.[118,1216,1625,1706]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">
FIG. 39. —
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDEFFC3FF146352BB5DF9CB" authority="(Simionescu, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[209,565,1625,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="73" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FF146352B84DF9CB" box="[209,293,1625,1642]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">Pliospalax</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FE816352B8E6F9CB" box="[324,398,1625,1642]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">macoveii</emphasis>
(Simionescu, 1930)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FDF96352BB21F9CB" bold="true" box="[572,585,1625,1642]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">A</emphasis>
, left M1, Ms114, occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FC906352BA0AF9CB" bold="true" box="[853,866,1625,1642]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">K</emphasis>
, the same, labial view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FBE06352BD5AF9CB" bold="true" box="[1061,1074,1625,1642]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">B</emphasis>
, left M1, Ms115, occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FF346365B997F9DE" bold="true" box="[241,255,1646,1663]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">C</emphasis>
, right M2, Ms116, occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FDD36365BB4CF9DE" bold="true" box="[534,548,1646,1663]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">D</emphasis>
, right M2, Ms117, occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FCFE6365BA2FF9DE" bold="true" box="[827,839,1646,1663]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">E</emphasis>
, right M3, Ms118, occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FB9A6365BD02F9DE" bold="true" box="[1119,1130,1646,1663]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">F</emphasis>
, right m3, Ms119, occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FEF3638FB82CF934" bold="true" box="[310,324,1668,1685]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">G</emphasis>
, right m1, Ms120, occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FDA4638FBB03F934" bold="true" box="[609,619,1668,1685]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">J</emphasis>
, the same, lingual view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FCF8638FBA23F934" bold="true" box="[829,843,1668,1685]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">H</emphasis>
, left m1, Ms121, occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDEFFC3FB9E638FBD09F934" bold="true" box="[1115,1121,1668,1685]" pageId="73" pageNumber="476">I</emphasis>
, the same, lingual view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDDFFC0FFB26464B9DEFCEB" blockId="74.[119,652,208,1386]" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">
In contrast to the upper molars, the first lower molars from Tourkobounia 1 (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FE296484B9DDFE69" authorityName="De Bruijn &amp; Van der Meulen" authorityYear="1975" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tourkobounensis">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FE296484B9DDFE69" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">P. tourkobounensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Çalta (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FEDE64A4B8F0FE69" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[283,408,431,456]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FEDE64A4B8F0FE69" box="[283,408,431,456]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">P. macoveii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and especially these from Muselievo have a simplified occlusal pattern, quite different from the respective teeth of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FFB26704B8A3FD89" box="[119,459,527,554]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="compositidontus">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FFB26704B8A3FD89" box="[119,459,527,554]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Pliospalax compositidontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as figured in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDDFFC0FFB2673BB8EDFDEB" author="TOPACHEVSKY V. A." box="[119,389,560,586]" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" refId="ref47330" refString="TOPACHEVSKY V. A. 1969. - [= Mole rats (Spalacidae)], in Fauna of the USSR, Mammals 3 (3). Nauka, Moscow, 246 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1969">Topachevsky (1969: 18</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6). In this respect they are similar to the first lower molars of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FFB2677BB835FD29" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[119,349,623,650]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FFB2677BB835FD29" box="[119,349,623,650]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Pliospalax macoveii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FE5B6764BB45FD2B" authorityName="Topachevsky" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Topachevsky" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[414,557,623,650]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dolomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odessanus">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FE5B6764BB45FD2B" box="[414,557,623,650]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">P. odessanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDDFFC0FD84677BB87BFD0B" author="TOPACHEVSKY V. A." pageId="74" pageNumber="477" refId="ref47330" refString="TOPACHEVSKY V. A. 1969. - [= Mole rats (Spalacidae)], in Fauna of the USSR, Mammals 3 (3). Nauka, Moscow, 246 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1969">Topachevsky 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDDFFC0FEE46784B8B3FD0B" author="DE BRUIJN H." box="[289,475,655,682]" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" pagination="417 - 425" refId="ref43119" refString="DE BRUIJN H. 1984. - Remains of the mole-rat Microspalax odessanus Topachevski, from Karaburun (Greece, Macedonia) and the family Spalacidae. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings B 87 (4): 417 - 425." type="journal article" year="1984">De Bruijn 1984</bibRefCitation>
), but, as in the case of the upper molars, they are smaller. As concern the first lower molars from Muselievo, it must be emphasized that they are rather worn, which prevents more detailed comparisons.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDDFFC0FFB2665BBB12FBAB" blockId="74.[119,652,208,1386]" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">
The mole rate from Maritsa (isle of Rhodes), initially described as
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FE9F667BB813FC0B" authority="De Bruijn, Dawson &amp; Mein, 1970" authorityName="De Bruijn, Dawson &amp; Mein" authorityYear="1970" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sotirisi">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FE9F667BB896FC29" box="[346,510,879,906]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Spalax sotirisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDDFFC0FDCC6664B813FC0B" author="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; DAWSON M. R. &amp; MEIN P." pageId="74" pageNumber="477" pagination="535 - 584" refId="ref43163" refString="DE BRUIJN H., DAWSON M. R. &amp; MEIN P. 1970. - Upper Pliocene Rodentia, Lagomorpha and Insectivora (Mammalia) from the isle of Rhodes (Greece). Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings B 73 (5): 535 - 584." type="journal article" year="1970">De Bruijn, Dawson &amp; Mein, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is considered by the latter authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDDFFC0FF3966BBBBE0FC6B" author="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J." box="[252,648,943,970]" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" pagination="314 - 338" refId="ref43216" refString="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J. 1975. - The early Pleistocene Rodents from Tourkoubounia- 1 (Athens, Greece). I. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings B, 78 (4): 314 - 338." type="journal article" year="1975">
De Bruijn &amp;
<collectingRegion id="49DFF81DFFDDFFC0FE5766A4B8D7FC68" box="[402,447,943,969]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Van</collectingRegion>
der Meulen 1975
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDDFFC0FFB266DBB988FC4B" author="SEN S." box="[119,224,976,1002]" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" pagination="90 - 170" refId="ref46490" refString="SEN S. 1977. - La faune de Rongeurs pliocenes de Calta (Ankara, Turkie). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle ser. 3, Sciences de la Terre 61, 465: 90 - 170." type="journal article" year="1977">Sen 1977</bibRefCitation>
) to belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FEBA66DBBB23FC49" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[383,587,975,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FEBA66DBBB23FC49" box="[383,587,975,1002]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Pliospalax macoveii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This form shows a simplified occlusal pattern of M1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDDFFC0FFB2611BB807FACB" blockId="74.[119,652,208,1386]" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">
The material from Muselievo, the above comparisons and discussion match the opinion of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0EFFDDFFC0FDAF6124B882FBCB" author="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J." pageId="74" pageNumber="477" pagination="314 - 338" refId="ref43216" refString="DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DER MEULEN A. J. 1975. - The early Pleistocene Rodents from Tourkoubounia- 1 (Athens, Greece). I. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings B, 78 (4): 314 - 338." type="journal article" year="1975">
De Bruijn &amp;
<collectingRegion id="49DFF81DFFDDFFC0FF216144B879FBC8" box="[228,273,1103,1129]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Van</collectingRegion>
der Meulen (1975)
</bibRefCitation>
that “the relationship among the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FEA0617BBB46FB2B" box="[357,558,1136,1162]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FEA0617BB8BEFB2B" box="[357,470,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Pliospalax</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
may be rather complex” and, no doubt, the available materials from the southern part of Russian plain, Balkan Peninsula, and
<collectingCountry id="F30C766FFFDDFFC0FE7861DBBB53FB4B" box="[445,571,1232,1258]" name="Turkey" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
need a comprehensive revision. For the time being I refer tentatively the material from Muselievo to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FFB26024B987FAE9" baseAuthorityName="Simionescu" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[119,239,1327,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pliospalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macoveii">
<emphasis id="B96FEAEDFFDDFFC0FFB26024B987FAE9" box="[119,239,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">P. macoveii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of its overall similarity to the sample from Çalta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA436FFFFDDFFC0FF0160BBBB57FA6B" blockId="74.[196,575,1455,1514]" box="[196,575,1455,1482]" pageId="74" pageNumber="477">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7CFFDDFFC0FED060A4BB57FA6B" authority="Fischer, 1817" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1817" box="[277,575,1455,1482]" class="Mammalia" family="Hystricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="74" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">HYSTRICIDAE Fischer, 1817</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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