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<mods:title id="54CCDA9C3E2DC5A622E5966962067211">A taxonomic review of the genus Oesyperus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini)</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0A42B3A5C0B416DCB2C6B10FD562BA1" bold="true" box="[264,723,1404,1430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C0B416DCB2C6B10FD562BA1" ID-CoL="48YLH" authority="Andrewes, 1923" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1923" box="[264,723,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis id="B92740445C0B416DCB2C6B10FD562BA1" bold="true" box="[264,723,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B92740445C0B416DCB2C6B10FD802BA1" bold="true" box="[264,517,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Oesyperus pygmaeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C0B416DC8286B10FD562BA1" author="Andrewes" box="[524,723,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1923) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XI. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 9), 12, 442 - 455." type="journal article" year="1923">Andrewes, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0B416DCB2C6BF3FE5F2B8E" blockId="8.[264,723,1404,1465]" box="[264,474,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
(
<figureCitation id="136880D35C0B416DCB346BF3FEDE2B8E" box="[272,347,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 3" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[269,1313,760,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,748,1532]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 3. Oesyperus, habitus. 1, Oe. unctulus; 2, Oe. planus; 3, Oe. pygmaeus. Scales = 25.0 mm (A: 1, 2; B: 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173500/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136880D35C0B416DCB4D6BF3FEFC2B8E" box="[361,377,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 5" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1167,1191]" captionTargetBox="[266,1247,811,1166]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,773,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 5. Oesyperus, head, lateral aspect. 4, Oe. planus; 5, Oe. pygmaeus. Scale = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173501/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136880D35C0B416DCBA26BF3FE542B8E" box="[390,465,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 14" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1134,1158]" captionTargetBox="[296,1296,505,1101]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,457,1124]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 9 14. Oesyperus, median lobe (10, 13, apical portion). Oe. planus (9 11), Oe. pygmaeus (12 14). 9 10, 12 13, dorsal aspect; 11, 14, lateral aspect. Scales = 0.5 mm (A: 9, 11, B: 10, 12 14)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173503/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">1214</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C0B416DCB2C6B83FE762812" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB43BB785C0B416DCB2C6B83FE762812" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C0B416DCB2C6B83FD6C2832" ID-CoL="48YLH" authority="Andrewes, 1923: 446" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityPageNumber="446" authorityYear="1923" box="[264,745,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis id="B92740445C0B416DCB2C6B83FE682831" box="[264,493,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Oesyperus pygmaeus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF2BA475C0B416DCBDD6B82FD6C2832" author="Andrewes" box="[505,745,1518,1541]" page="446" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C0B416DCBDD6B82FD352832" author="Andrewes" box="[505,688,1518,1541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1923) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XI. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 9), 12, 442 - 455." type="journal article" year="1923">Andrewes, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 446
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</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C0B416DC8DC6B82FCA82832" box="[760,813,1518,1541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
locality: &quot;Madras: Palni Hills, Marian Shola,
<quantity id="4CAB31B35C0B416DCB1C6862FE242812" box="[312,417,1550,1573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19456" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="ft" value="7200.0">7200 feet</quantity>
”,
<collectingCountry id="F344DCC65C0B416DCB916862FE6A2812" box="[437,495,1550,1573]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C0B416FCB2C683AFB132D21" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0B416DCB2C683AFC4F28DE" blockId="8.[264,1324,1622,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B92740445C0B416DCB2C683AFE302847" bold="true" box="[264,437,1622,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C0B416DCB2C683AFEC62847" box="[264,323,1622,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C0B416DCBE2683BFDB42846" box="[454,561,1623,1649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: ɗ, labelled &quot;Palni Hills, Marian Shola, ca.
<quantity id="4CAB31B35C0B416DCE16683BFB092846" box="[1074,1164,1623,1649]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19456" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="ft" value="7200.0">7200 ft</quantity>
., S.W. Kemp, under rotten wood in dense jungle, S. W. K.&quot;, &quot; Cotype&quot; [on round piece of paper with green margin], &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C0B416DCBE868CBFBBB28F6" authority="Andr., Cotype, H.E. Andrewes" authorityName="Andr., Cotype, H.E. Andrewes" box="[460,1086,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis id="B92740445C0B416DCBE868CBFD4228F7" box="[460,711,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Oesyperus pygmaeus</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F344DCC65C0B416DC8EB68CBFC9428F6" box="[719,785,1703,1729]" name="Andorra" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Andr</collectingCountry>
., Cotype, H.E. Andrewes
</taxonomicName>
det.&quot;, &quot;Indian Mus. Calcutta&quot;, &quot;H.E. Andrewes Coll., B. M.
<date id="FFEDBA965C0B416DC8FA68A3FCCD28DE" box="[734,840,1743,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" value="1945" valueMax="1997">194597</date>
&quot; (
<collectionCode id="ED4204935C0B416DC94468A3FC3828DE" box="[864,957,1743,1769]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49nc-28y0" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">NHML</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0B416DCB1C689AFB3A2926" blockId="8.[264,1324,1622,1889]" box="[312,1215,1782,1809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B92740445C0B416DCB1C689AFE632927" bold="true" box="[312,486,1782,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Redescription</emphasis>
(based on the
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C0B416DC8B5689BFD792926" box="[657,764,1783,1809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Size: Length
<quantity id="4CAB31B35C0B416DC98F689BFB8D2926" box="[939,1032,1783,1809]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4CAB31B35C0B416DCE7A689BFB392926" box="[1118,1212,1783,1809]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0B416DCB1C6973FE6A290E" blockId="8.[264,1324,1622,1889]" box="[312,495,1823,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
Habitus:
<figureCitation id="136880D35C0B416DCB866973FE6C290E" box="[418,489,1823,1849]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 3" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[269,1313,760,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,748,1532]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 3. Oesyperus, habitus. 1, Oe. unctulus; 2, Oe. planus; 3, Oe. pygmaeus. Scales = 25.0 mm (A: 1, 2; B: 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173500/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0B416CCB1C692BFA8C2F01" blockId="8.[264,1324,1622,1889]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,750]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Colour: Dark brown, nearly black, poorly shiny on elytra, head and pronotum somewhat dull; labrum paler, reddish brown. Palpi, antennae and legs brownish yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0A416CCB1C6F28FB132CD9" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
Head: Large (WHmax/WPmax = 0.78; WHmin/WPmax = 0.68), with small and weakly convex eyes separated from buccal fissure ventrally by distance longer than width of first antennomere and slightly shorter than length of second antennomere. Temples moderately long, flat, sloping to neck constriction. Frontal suture shallow; clypeo­ocular prolongations rather evenly curved, deepened at clypeus, superficial at eyes. Supraorbital furrows (
<figureCitation id="136880D35C0A416CCB516C60FE382C11" box="[373,445,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 5" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1167,1191]" captionTargetBox="[266,1247,811,1166]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,773,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 5. Oesyperus, head, lateral aspect. 4, Oe. planus; 5, Oe. pygmaeus. Scale = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173501/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) straight, moderately prolonged to neck constriction behind eyes and not curved ventrad distally. Labrum moderately deeply concave apically. Penultimate labial palpomere approximately equal to apical palpomere. Puncturation of dorsal surface of head rather coarse and irregular, with distance between punctures usually slightly greater than their diameter; on frons puncturation very sparse. Dorsal microsculpture visible throughout, consisting of very distinct isodiametric, almost granulate meshes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2CCCDE5C0A416CCB2C6AE3FA9E2A91" box="[264,1307,1167,1191]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173501/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[266,1247,811,1166]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0A416CCB2C6AE3FA9E2A91" blockId="9.[264,1307,1167,1191]" box="[264,1307,1167,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B92740445C0A416CCB2C6AE3FE312A90" bold="true" box="[264,436,1167,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">FIGURES 45.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C0A416CCB9E6AFCFDAF2A90" box="[442,554,1168,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92740445C0A416CCB9E6AFCFDAF2A90" box="[442,554,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Oesyperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head, lateral aspect. 4,
<emphasis id="B92740445C0A416CC9086AFCFC1A2A90" box="[812,927,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
Oe.
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C0A416CC97C6AFCFC1A2A90" box="[856,927,1168,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planus">planus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
; 5,
<emphasis id="B92740445C0A416CC9EC6AFCFBDB2A90" box="[968,1118,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
Oe.
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C0A416CC9D06AFCFBDB2A90" box="[1012,1118,1168,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Scale = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0A416CCB1C6AB9FEE32890" blockId="9.[264,1324,1237,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Pronotum: Weakly convex and weakly transverse, 1.38 times as wide as long, widest in anterior third, notably narrowed basad (WPmax/WPmin = 1.38). Apical margin slightly, arcuately emarginate, bordered only at apical angles. Apical angles slightly protruding, acute, blunt at apices. Basal margin somewhat straight, narrower than apical margin and slightly narrower than base of elytra between humeral angles, without distinct basal border (bead hardly distinct at basal angles). Sides very widely rounded up to distinct obtuse basal angles, narrowly bordered throughout. Lateral depressions not developed; basal foveae very small, oval and shallow. Dorsal puncturation irregular, rather coarse and sparse, distributed throughout, with distance between punctures along margins approximately equal to their diameter and in central portion of pronotal disc greater than their diameter. Dorsal microsculpture distinct throughout, consisting of isodiametric, almost granulate meshes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C0A416FCB1C68D9FEE32FC9" blockId="9.[264,1324,1237,1903]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,284,790]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Elytra: Oval, moderately long, 1.45 times as long as wide, 2.60 times as long and 1.30 times as wide as pronotum, rather strongly convex, without basal depressions. Humeri not prominent, widely rounded at apices. Preapical sinuation moderate. Sutural angle acute, narrowly rounded at apex. Basal bead glabrous, almost straight, forming with lateral margin a very obtuse angle. Striae impunctate, slightly deepened throughout. Parascutellar striole strongly reduced, indistinct; basal pore distinct, isolated from basal bead. Intervals slightly convex, weakly narrowed to apex; eighth and ninth intervals not widened apically. All intervals rather coarsely punctate, with two punctures in transverse row on each interval on disc. Each third interval with 34 discal pores usually connected with second stria. Microsculpture visible throughout, consisting of large, more or less isodiametric meshes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C09416FCB1C6C60FE062CA9" blockId="10.[264,1323,284,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Legs: Protibia with one preapical spine on outer margin; apical spur slightly longer than first protarsomere. Metafemur with two setae along posterior margin. Metatarsus shorter than WHmin, with first tarsomere approximately as long as second and third combined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C09416FCB1C6CC0FB132D21" blockId="10.[264,1323,284,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
Male genitalia: Median lobe of aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="136880D35C09416FC91D6CC0FC472CF1" box="[825,962,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 14" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1134,1158]" captionTargetBox="[296,1296,505,1101]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,457,1124]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 9 14. Oesyperus, median lobe (10, 13, apical portion). Oe. planus (9 11), Oe. pygmaeus (12 14). 9 10, 12 13, dorsal aspect; 11, 14, lateral aspect. Scales = 0.5 mm (A: 9, 11, B: 10, 12 14)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173503/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Figs 1214</figureCitation>
) arcuate, with arcuate ventral margin of medial portion (lateral aspect). Terminal lamella (
<figureCitation id="136880D35C09416FC9DD6CB8FBD62CD9" box="[1017,1107,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 14" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1134,1158]" captionTargetBox="[296,1296,505,1101]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,457,1124]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 9 14. Oesyperus, median lobe (10, 13, apical portion). Oe. planus (9 11), Oe. pygmaeus (12 14). 9 10, 12 13, dorsal aspect; 11, 14, lateral aspect. Scales = 0.5 mm (A: 9, 11, B: 10, 12 14)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173503/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) short and wide, slightly bend dorsad apically, with sides roundly converging to rounded apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2CCCDE5C09416FCB2C68ADFD2828CC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173502/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[299,1253,847,1728]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C09416FCB2C68ADFD2828CC" blockId="10.[264,1323,1729,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B92740445C09416FCB2C68ADFE3228EE" bold="true" box="[264,439,1729,1753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 68.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C09416FCBE468AEFD1028EE" box="[448,661,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctulus">
<emphasis id="B92740445C09416FCBE468AEFD1028EE" box="[448,661,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Oesyperus unctulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 6, labium; 7, median lobe, lateral aspect; 8 same, dorsal aspect. Scales = 0.5 mm (A: 6, B: 78).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C09416FCB1C6940FB132959" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C09416FCB1C6940FB132959" blockId="10.[264,1323,1836,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B92740445C09416FCB1C6940FE542971" bold="true" box="[312,465,1836,1862]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C09416FC92D6940FCB92971" box="[777,828,1836,1862]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
locality (Marian Shola) in Palni Hills, southern
<collectingCountry id="F344DCC65C09416FCB506938FE312959" box="[372,436,1876,1902]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">India</collectingCountry>
. The beetles were collected under rotten wood in dense jungle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C08416ECB1C6F77FEE12F99" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C08416ECB1C6F77FEE12F99" blockId="11.[264,1323,283,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B92740445C08416ECB1C6F77FE2F2F02" bold="true" box="[312,426,283,309]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C08416ECB9D6F70FD372F02" box="[441,690,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis id="B92740445C08416ECB9D6F70FD372F02" box="[441,690,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Oesyperus pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily recognized by the small body and the rather convex elytra with strongly reduced parascutellar striole and without basal depressions. In addition, the head is relatively wider and the median lobe is more arcuate than in other species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>