289 lines
36 KiB
XML
289 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="F50F124EFC8468EBE1AC18AD623D9B95" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186418" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d168b77d-f338-49ea-982d-95cb4b27ec84" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186418" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461051540203" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2009" docId="03EEEB4AFFC7FFD11584FC6018F27A99" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02044p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2044" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Monandrocarpa humilis Monniot, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFD79332FFC7FFD21513FFF41C0F7831" masterDocTitle="A new species of Monandrocarpa (Ascidiacea, Styelidae) from Vanuatu I. (South Pacific Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698579059150" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="413EB84BB3A7CEC3716FE107AD28BA56">
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<mods:title id="4A501B58A34961F619165B6F5398CEF7">A new species of Monandrocarpa (Ascidiacea, Styelidae) from Vanuatu I. (South Pacific Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="732BE2FC0FE63408C4245C7BEB4C99F0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="21C740B1976569036CA1DDF9C0372484">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="31D0B1069F9B4F9B19A292A3627ECCF2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9ED21264E1C5C49CADEE8E1DEE593D0F">
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<mods:date id="0B1C8ACAACFF857FF907FB0B566209EF">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="70F09D87385BF829D21DE1329818A189" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="910272DA95FF61B52276F373662DD582">2044</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="73BF2D01A89F8676615AF6BB42F2F253" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F80027392BFEBB03CBC2478981ACBBF9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EEEB4AFFC7FFD11584FC6018F27A99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6216454" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6216454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EEEB4AFFC7FFD11584FC6018F27A99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EEEB4AFFC7FFD11584FC6018F27A99" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C35D09D7FFC7FFD21584FC601E077B9C" box="[151,520,915,942]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC7FFD21584FC601E077B9C" blockId="0.[151,520,915,942]" box="[151,520,915,942]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D0B0ED30FFC7FFD21584FC601E077B9C" bold="true" box="[151,520,915,942]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21584FC601E077B9C" bold="true" box="[151,520,915,942]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC7FFD21584FC601DB17B9F" box="[151,446,916,942]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21584FC601DB17B9F" bold="true" box="[151,446,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Monandrocarpa humilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2003B35FFC7FFD214D6FC671E077B9C" box="[453,520,915,941]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35D09D7FFC7FFD31584FC291CF278CE" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC7FFD21584FC2918DF7C2F" blockId="0.[151,1437,989,2021]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21584FC291CE87BC6" bold="true" box="[151,231,989,1015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<typeStatus id="54FCE4FEFFC7FFD21584FC291CDA7BC6" box="[151,213,989,1015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F3501ACCFFC7FFD215E2FC291D557BC6" box="[241,346,989,1015]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
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, Espiritu Santo, Aore Island,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE733C9BFFC7FFD217DFFC291F587BC6" box="[716,855,989,1015]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" precision="9" value="-15.532">15°31.92’S</geoCoordinate>
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–
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<geoCoordinate id="EE733C9BFFC7FFD2167AFC2918097BC6" box="[873,1030,989,1015]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" precision="9" value="167.1935">167°11.61’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CBFF7B9FFC7FFD21107FC2918457BC6" box="[1044,1098,989,1015]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="30.0">30m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFF97C9CFFC7FFD21177FC2918D27BC6" box="[1124,1245,989,1015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" value="2000-01-30">30.I.2000</date>
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, coll.
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<collectionCode id="ED56C299FFC7FFD21039FC2919777BC6" box="[1322,1400,989,1015]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">CRRF</collectionCode>
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n°
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<collectionCode id="ED56C299FFC7FFD21584FBF01CF37C2F" box="[151,252,1028,1054]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">CRCHO</collectionCode>
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463. (Registered in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris n° S1 MON 2)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC7FFD215D5FBDE1D217CEE" blockId="0.[151,1437,989,2021]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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Several specimens, some of them solitary but others in groups of 2 or 3 individuals, were found attached to a colony of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC7FFD2145AFBA51ED37C5A" authority="Kott, 1985" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1985" box="[329,732,1105,1131]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Amphicarpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agnata">
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD2145AFBA51E357C5B" box="[329,570,1105,1130]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Amphicarpa agnata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC7FFD21759FBA51EDC7C5A" author="Kott" box="[586,723,1105,1131]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The body is oval,
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<quantity id="4CBFF7B9FFC7FFD216D6FBA51FF67C5A" box="[965,1017,1105,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
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in maximum length, covered with sparse adhering sand (
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<figureCitation id="137C46D9FFC7FFD2148EFB8C1DD27CA3" box="[413,477,1144,1170]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1137,1161]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Some preserved individuals" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig.1</figureCitation>
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). Some individuals are sessile, others are erect on a common base making a short and thick stolon. The siphons are slightly protruding and well apart. The tunic is leathery, but the body remains soft.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC7FFD215D5FB181DDA7E0A" blockId="0.[151,1437,989,2021]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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The internal body wall is opaque. In formalin it has a dark-pigmented superficial reticulate design. Internally, on each side of the body wall, a longitudinal darker pigmented band extends alongside the polycarp line. The siphons have strong sphincters. The body musculature forms a continuous network of thin fibres. The number of oral tentacles is variable, in 3 orders of size. The peripharyngeal band is dorsally curved in a low V; it has a single crest. The dorsal tubercle is button-like. The branchial tissue (
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<figureCitation id="137C46D9FFC7FFD21177FA7218A57D91" box="[1124,1194,1414,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1227,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,1217,1726]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Branchial sac opened along the endostyle and stained with hemalum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186419/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) is thin and contains less pigment than other tissues. Among the 4 branchial folds, the first and the third, counted from the dorsal lamina, are higher. Two to 3 longitudinal vessels can be counted anteriorly between the folds, they progressively join the folds as the sac narrows posteriorly. A representative formula in a large specimen, near the peripharyngeal band is:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC7FFD215D5F9BC1EE57E53" blockId="0.[151,1437,989,2021]" box="[198,746,1607,1634]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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R-E;
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21416F9B31D1B7E50" bold="true" box="[261,276,1607,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">5</emphasis>
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-2-
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21425F9B31D4B7E50" bold="true" box="[310,324,1607,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">8</emphasis>
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-3-
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21475F9B31D7A7E50" bold="true" box="[358,373,1607,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">6</emphasis>
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-2-
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21484F9B31DAA7E50" bold="true" box="[407,421,1607,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">8</emphasis>
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-1-DL-
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD214EAF9B31E077E50" bold="true" box="[505,520,1607,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">8</emphasis>
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||
-3-
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||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21739F9B31E367E50" bold="true" box="[554,569,1607,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">5</emphasis>
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||
-2-
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||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21748F9B31E657E50" bold="true" box="[603,618,1607,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">6</emphasis>
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||
-3-
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||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC7FFD21798F9B31E957E50" bold="true" box="[651,666,1607,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">6</emphasis>
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||
-1-E-L
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC7FFD215D5F99A18A07EE7" blockId="0.[151,1437,989,2021]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">There are 4 to 5 stigmata in a mesh between the folds. The number of stigmatal rows is difficult to count, but about18–20, basally grouped two by two due to a more or less complete division by parastigmatic vessels. The last rows are narrow with only a few stigmata. The dorsal lamina forms a high blade.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC7FFD215D5F917192A7F8F" blockId="0.[151,1437,989,2021]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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The digestive loop (
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<figureCitation id="137C46D9FFC7FFD214BDF9171DFD7ECC" box="[430,498,1763,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[159,1414,278,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,274,1562]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, body opened along the ventral line, branchial sac removed; B, detail of the gut: C, detail of some of the left polycarps. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186420/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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B) occupies a reduced posterior part of the left side (
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<figureCitation id="137C46D9FFC7FFD21140F91718BF7ECC" box="[1107,1200,1763,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[159,1414,278,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,274,1562]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, body opened along the ventral line, branchial sac removed; B, detail of the gut: C, detail of some of the left polycarps. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186420/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). The oesophagus is narrow and straight, well delimited from the long cylindrical stomach. There are 8 to 9 longitudinal stomach folds. The pyloric caecum is long. The intestine curves in a single closed loop. The anus with a plain edge opens close to the oesophagus entrance. A pigmented network of vessels covers the intestine. An endocarp lies in the loop (
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<figureCitation id="137C46D9FFC7FFD2147FF8891DB57FA6" box="[364,442,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[159,1414,278,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,274,1562]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, body opened along the ventral line, branchial sac removed; B, detail of the gut: C, detail of some of the left polycarps. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186420/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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B). Round endocarps are scattered on the body wall (
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<figureCitation id="137C46D9FFC7FFD2117EF88918DA7FA6" box="[1133,1237,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[159,1414,278,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,274,1562]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, body opened along the ventral line, branchial sac removed; B, detail of the gut: C, detail of some of the left polycarps. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186420/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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), some of them intercalated between the polycarps. A ring of short thread-like papillae encircles the cloacal siphon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC7FFD315D5F83F1CF278CE" blockId="0.[151,1437,989,2021]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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An average of 10 polycarps are arranged in a line on each body side along and close to the ventral line (
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<figureCitation id="137C46D9FFC6FFD315B3FF6C1D0C7883" box="[160,259,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[159,1414,278,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,274,1562]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, body opened along the ventral line, branchial sac removed; B, detail of the gut: C, detail of some of the left polycarps. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186420/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). The left row curves to become parallel to the rectum. Each polycarp comprises a single testis follicle covered by the ovary which contains many oocytes (
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<figureCitation id="137C46D9FFC6FFD31646FF4A1F9478E9" box="[853,923,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[159,1414,278,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,274,1562]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, body opened along the ventral line, branchial sac removed; B, detail of the gut: C, detail of some of the left polycarps. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186420/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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C). The gonadal papillae are short and close together.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF380AD4FFC6FFD31584FB851E477CB8" box="[151,584,1137,1161]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC6FFD31584FB851E477CB8" blockId="1.[151,584,1137,1161]" box="[151,584,1137,1161]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC6FFD31584FB851D167CB8" bold="true" box="[151,281,1137,1161]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Some preserved individuals
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF380AD4FFC6FFD31584F922180F7EDC" box="[151,1024,1750,1774]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186419/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[151,1436,1227,1726]" targetPageId="1">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC6FFD31584F922180F7EDC" blockId="1.[151,1024,1750,1774]" box="[151,1024,1750,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC6FFD31584F9221D167EDF" bold="true" box="[151,281,1750,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Branchial sac opened along the endostyle and stained with hemalum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C35D09D7FFC6FFD315D6F8EF1FFF7FF8" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC6FFD315D6F8EF1FFF7FF8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1819,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC6FFD315D6F8EF1D397F02" bold="true" box="[197,310,1819,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Only a few species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC6FFD317B5F8E81F5C7F02" box="[678,851,1820,1843]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monandrocarpa</taxonomicName>
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have been recorded: they belong to different oceans. They may be solitary or colonial, with a single testis lobe in each polycarp, a structure characteristic of the genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC6FFD315D6F8951F447F4A" authority="Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 1999" authorityName="Sanamyan & Sanamyan" authorityYear="1999" box="[197,843,1889,1915]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssa">
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<emphasis id="B933864EFFC6FFD315D6F8951DD27F4B" box="[197,477,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Monandrocarpa abyssa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC6FFD314F7F8951F447F4A" author="Sanamyan" box="[484,843,1889,1915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P. (1999) Some benthic Tunicata from the southern Indo-Pacific Ocean. Journal of Natural History, 33, 1835 - 1876." type="journal article" year="1999">Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a deep sea solitary ascidian from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3501ACCFFC6FFD31034F89519977F4A" box="[1319,1432,1889,1915]" name="Antarctica" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFF7B9FFC6FFD315D8F87C1D0B7F93" box="[203,260,1928,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
individuals are in balls on a peduncle. They possess only 2 branchial folds on each side, the stigmata are small and not numerous. The stomach is short and the rectum is long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D09D7FFC6FFD115D6F82218F27A99" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC6FFD015D6F82218D578E9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1819,2031]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC6FFD315D6F8221EC47FDE" authority="Tokioka, 1953" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1953" box="[197,715,2005,2031]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monotestis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC6FFD315D6F8221E077FDE" box="[197,520,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Monandrocarpa monotestis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC6FFD31704F8211ECC7FDE" author="Tokioka" box="[535,707,2005,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Tokioka, T. (1953) Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Tokyo, 315 pp." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originally as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC6FFD31677F822195F7FDE" box="[868,1360,2005,2031]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polyandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monotestis" subGenus="Eusynstyela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC6FFD31677F822182C7FDE" box="[868,1059,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Polyandrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC6FFD31127F82218CF7FDE" box="[1076,1216,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Eusynstyela</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC6FFD311C3F822195F7FDE" box="[1232,1360,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">monotestis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3501ACCFFC5FFD01584FF6C1CD07883" box="[151,223,152,178]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and found again in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3501ACCFFC5FFD014C4FF6C1E107883" box="[471,543,152,178]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC5FFD01723FF6C1ED27883" author="Tokioka" box="[560,733,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Tokioka, T. (1967) Pacific Tunicata of the United States National Museum.. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 251, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1967">Tokioka 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), forms massive colonies with zooids arranged in a single layer with elliptical systems. It has 4 branchial folds, an elongate stomach and a long rectum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF380AD4FFC5FFD01584F9C71EA57E5F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186420/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[159,1414,278,1535]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC5FFD01584F9C71EA57E5F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1587,1646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC5FFD01584F9C71D167E7A" bold="true" box="[151,281,1587,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
A, body opened along the ventral line, branchial sac removed; B, detail of the gut: C, detail of some of the left polycarps. Scale bars: A = 5mm; B,C = 1mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC5FFD015D5F9541F767F1F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1696,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC5FFD015D5F9541EB17E8B" authority="Michaelsen, 1904" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[198,702,1696,1722]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tritonis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC5FFD015D5F9541DEC7E88" box="[198,483,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Monandrocarpa tritonis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC5FFD014F8F9541EB17E8B" author="Michaelsen" box="[491,702,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1904) Die stolidobranchien Ascidien der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition " Valdivia ", 7, 183 - 260." type="journal article" year="1904">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FCE4FEFFC5FFD017DFF9541EF17E8B" box="[716,766,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of the genus, comes from
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFF7B9FFC5FFD0112FF954187F7E8B" box="[1084,1136,1696,1722]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
|
||
depth in the Cape region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3501ACCFFC5FFD015ABF9331D577ED0" box="[184,344,1735,1761]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is solitary, globular and incrusted with sand. The branchial sac has 3 to 4 folds, and no intermediate vessels. The stomach has 11 folds and the intestine has transverse plications. According to Michaelsen, its stomach diverticulum may be due to a parasite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC5FFD015D6F8CF18257F93" blockId="2.[151,1436,1696,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC5FFD015D6F8CF1F2E7F64" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 1987" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="1987" box="[197,801,1851,1877]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC5FFD015D6F8CF1DD37F65" box="[197,476,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Monandrocarpa tarona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC5FFD014F7F8CF1F2E7F64" author="Monniot" box="[484,801,1851,1877]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie Francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, Zoologie, 136, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot & Monniot, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Polynesia has bare zooids, isolated or grouped, flattened on the substrate,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFF7B9FFC5FFD014C0F8951E1F7F4A" box="[467,528,1889,1915]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
|
||
in size. Stolons have not been detected. There are no vessels between the 4 branchial folds and only 7 to 8 stigmata rows. The rectum is short and curved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC5FFD115D6F85B1EBB78E9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1696,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1438,152,680]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC5FFD015D6F85B1EE37FF8" authority="Monniot C. 1970" authorityName="Monniot C." authorityYear="1970" box="[197,748,1967,1993]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC5FFD015D6F85B1E057FF9" box="[197,522,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Monandrocarpa stolonifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC5FFD0170BF85B1EEB7FF8" author="Monniot" box="[536,740,1967,1993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Monniot, C. (1970) Ascidies phlebobranches et stolidobranches. In Campagnes de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962) premiere partie. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 47, 33 - 59." type="journal article" year="1970">Monniot C. 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC5FFD01601F85B1CF07FDE" authority="Monniot C., 1970" authorityName="Monniot C." authorityYear="1970" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polyandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolonifera" subGenus="Monandrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC5FFD01601F85B193F7FF9" box="[786,1328,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Polyandrocarpa (Monandrocarpa) stolonifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC5FFD01024F85B1CF07FDE" author="Monniot" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Monniot, C. (1970) Ascidies phlebobranches et stolidobranches. In Campagnes de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962) premiere partie. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 47, 33 - 59." type="journal article" year="1970">Monniot C., 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3501ACCFFC5FFD0145DF8211D997FDE" box="[334,406,2005,2031]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
has
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFF7B9FFC5FFD014DEF8211E477FDE" box="[461,584,2005,2031]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 7 mm</quantity>
|
||
zooids erect above a meshwork of thin creeping stolons encrusted with sediment. There are 4 branchial folds on each side and several intermediate longitudinal vessels. The stomach is globular with 15 folds, the gut loop is short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC4FFD115D6FF11190879AB" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD115D6FF111ED078CE" authority="Millar, 1975" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1975" box="[197,735,229,255]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplicigona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC4FFD115D6FF111E2478CF" box="[197,555,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Monandrocarpa simplicigona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC4FFD11728FF111ED878CE" author="Millar" box="[571,727,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Millar, R. H. (1975) Ascidians from the Indo-west Pacific region in the Zoological Museum Copenhagen (Tunicata Ascidiacea). Steenstrupia, 3, 205 - 336." type="journal article" year="1975">Millar, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC4FFD116BCFF11183B78CF" box="[943,1076,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD116BCFF11182078CF" box="[943,1071,229,254]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polycarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3501ACCFFC4FFD111B8FF11193D78CE" box="[1195,1330,229,255]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="4CBFF7B9FFC4FFD1104BFF11199378CE" box="[1368,1436,229,255]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="457.0">457m</quantity>
|
||
depth has solitary individuals, dorso-ventrally flattened, covered with sand with an equatorial ring of rhizooids. The branchial sac has 4 folds per side with occasionally one vessel between them. The gut is in a double loop with a short stomach with numerous folds and a lobed anus. Few endocarps are present on the body wall and between the gonads. This anatomy was confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC4FFD116A8FE74190C79AB" author="Monniot" box="[955,1283,384,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Monniot, F. & Monniot, C. (2003) Ascidies de la pente externe et bathyales de l'Ouest Pacifique. Zoosystema, 25 (4), 681 - 749." type="journal article" year="2003">Monniot & Monniot (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC4FFD115D6FE531E5E7A05" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD115D6FE531E6F79F1" authority="Kott, 1972" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1972" box="[197,608,422,448]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC4FFD115D6FE531DDA79F1" box="[197,469,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Monandrocarpa plana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC4FFD114CDFE521E6F79F1" author="Kott" box="[478,608,422,448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Kott, P. (1972) Notes on some ascidians from Port Jackson, Botany Bay and Port Hacking, New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 97 (4), 41 - 257." type="journal article" year="1972">Kott, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from New South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3501ACCFFC4FFD11628FE521F8B79F1" box="[827,900,422,448]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
is solitary with long test hairs and adhering sand. No intermediate vessels lie between the 4 branchial folds, there is a sharp curve of the rectum and up to 16 crowded gonads per side.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC4FFD114F8FE001E7A7A3F" author="Kott" box="[491,629,500,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD11617FE001FCE7A3C" box="[772,961,500,525]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplicigona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC4FFD11617FE001FCE7A3C" box="[772,961,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">M. simplicigona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a junior synonym, but this was not accepted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC4FFD1141FFDEE1E4B7A05" author="Monniot" box="[268,580,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Monniot, F. & Monniot, C. (2003) Ascidies de la pente externe et bathyales de l'Ouest Pacifique. Zoosystema, 25 (4), 681 - 749." type="journal article" year="2003">Monniot & Monniot 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF85A5CFFC4FFD115D6FDB518F27A99" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC4FFD115D6FDB51D977A6A" author="Kott" box="[197,408,577,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985: 211)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erroneously assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD117A1FDB5181D7A6A" authority="Sluiter,1904" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1904" box="[690,1042,577,603]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incubita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC4FFD117A1FDB51F637A6B" box="[690,876,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Styela incubita</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC4FFD11665FDB5181D7A6A" author="Sluiter" box="[886,1042,577,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Sluiter, C. PH. (1904) Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Pt. 1, Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Siboga Expedition, 1 - 127." type="book chapter" year="1904">Sluiter,1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, later on named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD111F7FDB51CF27AB0" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incubita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC4FFD111F7FDB51CF27AB0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Cnemidocarpa incubita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD627ADFFC4FFD1143DFD9C1E267AB3" author="Tokioka" box="[302,553,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Tokioka, T. (1967) Pacific Tunicata of the United States National Museum.. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 251, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1967">Tokioka (1967:186)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD11772FD9C1F257AB0" box="[609,810,616,641]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC4FFD11772FD9C1F257AB0" box="[609,810,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Monandrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus defined by a single male follicle in each polycarp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD1141FFD7B1D817A99" box="[268,398,655,680]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incubita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933864EFFC4FFD1141FFD7B1D817A99" box="[268,398,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">C. incubita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two male follicles per gonad and cannot be placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4721DFFFC4FFD11126FD7A18FD7A99" box="[1077,1266,654,680]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Monandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monandrocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
..
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |